三联书店版、董乐山译《西行漫记》——Red Star over China汉译史上的经典译本

美国人埃德加·斯诺在1936年作为第一个西方记者,进入陕北苏区采访,写作了Red Star over China(《红星照耀中国》)。这部由外国人写作的关于中国红区的英文作品"墙外开花墙内香",英文的《红星照耀中国》借由中文的《西行漫记》等译本在中国产生了极大的震撼与巨大的影响,众多中译本,绵延流传,这些译作可以说具有可与原作相媲美的历史意义,其中1979年三联书店出版、董乐山翻译的《西行漫记》凭借"天时地利人和",成为了《红星》汉译史上的经典译本。

Red Star Over China汉译出版史及翻译研究论略

Red Star Over China在国内翻译出版史已达80多年,通过重译、重版、节译等各种方式传播。80多年来,其汉译基本经历了开创期、发展期、低潮期和繁荣期四个时期,其汉译样式和出版等不同时期段呈现出不同的形态特征。改革开放后学界开始关注Red Star Over China汉译的学理问题,但现有研究大多围绕出版社、翻译家思想和译本特征三大主题展开研究,缺乏Red Star Over China汉译发展史的系统性研究。从翻译学的角度讨论Red Star Over China汉译对中国革命的推动、中国共产党的建设乃至中华民族的建构,都将是后续研究展开的重要选题。

意识形态操控论视角下Red Star over China的中译名流变研究

抗战时期,美国新闻记者埃德加·斯诺(Edgar Snow)汇集了多篇关于红色中国革命与战争的通讯报告,合为Red Star over China一书。该书出版后,国内出现了各类中译本,包括雏形本、全译本、节译本和抽印本等,各译本对应的译名不一,风格各异。文章基于美国翻译学者安德烈·勒菲弗尔(AndréLefevere)的意识形态操控论,对Red Star over China在不同历史时期的各类中译名进行比较分析,并剖析各历史时期社会主流意识形态的变化,以期研究社会主流意识形态及译者个人意识形态对翻译活动的影响。

Effects of Inorganic-organic Incorporation on Productivity and Soil Fertility of Rice Cropping System in Red Soil Area of China

Results from ten-year (1990 - 1999) field experiments indicated that the productivity and the soil fertility of rice cropping system were significantly influenced by the fertilization system adopted in red soil area of China. Contrasting with no-fertili/er treatment (CK), yield-increase rate of organic matter cycling, chemical NPK and inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation treatments were 56.5% , 62.5% and 80.7% , respectively. In the case of optimum fertilization system, the largest contribution of inorganic fertilizer to the yield was 38.5% while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation was 44.7%. The content of soil organic matter changed in tendency from decrease to equilibrium with heightened the extent of N, P and K incorporation while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation could be enhanced further. After N, P and K entered into the rice cropping system and maintained organic matter cycling in the system, the pools of total N, P and K could be strengthened.

Current study and prospect of the Old Red Sand along the southeast coast of China

The Old Red Sand is composed of brown-red, red, or orange-yellow semi-cemented and medium-fine sand sediment, mainly dis- tributed along the southeast coast of China. Based on previous studies, this paper summarizes the distribution and forms, sedi- mentary characteristics, formation mechanism, developing age, reddening process and the paleo-environment, suggesting that the Old Red Sand is mainly aeolian sediment of Late Pleistocene Age. The reddening process is mainly the result of decomposition and oxidation of iron-containing minerals caused by hot and humid tropical and sub-tropical climate. In this study, existing prob- lems are discussed and the prospect of further research is presented as well.

Behind“Two Chinas”:Orientalism in Edgar Snow’s Red Star Over China

With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.

A new algorithm based on the background field for red tide monitoring in the East China Sea

Remote sensing has been proven to be an effective means of monitoring red tides. The spectral information is an important basis for establishing a model to monitor red tides. The spectral curves of red tide events are analyzed and compared with multiyear monthly averaged spectral curves based on MODIS data from July 2002 to June 2012, as well as spectral differences at the same location during red tide presence and absence. A red tide monitoring algorithm is developed based on the background field to extract the red tide information of the East China Sea （ECS）. With the application of the algorithm in the ECS, the results reveal that the developed model can effectively determine the location of red tides, with good correspondence to the results from an official bulletin. This demonstrates that the algorithm can effectively extract the red tide information.

阶段与特征:改革开放以来红色文化研究图景与机理

改革开放以来红色文化研究视野渐展、成果日丰,呈现出鲜明的阶段性特征:改革开放之初,侧重于精神层面研究;新世纪之初,侧重于物质层面研究;进入新时代,开始投入“史”的努力。但在宽度和深度方面,仍有待于拓展和深化。未来研究应从紧扣红色文化发展史的主题、主线和规律,明晰其基本脉络和主要成就,以及扩展研究视野三方面加以着手聚力。

Predicting Base Saturation Percentage by pH—A Case Study of Red Soil Series in South China

pH and base saturation percentage (BSP) are two basic indexes in identifying soil types in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. Some studies proved that there is significant correlation between BSP and pH, thus it could save the cost of laboratory work if we can infer BSP directly from pH. In this study, the measured values of BSP and pH of 162 and 232 horizon samples from 48 and 55 red soil series surveyed from 2009 to 2011 in Fujian and Guangdong respectively were adopted from Soil Series Database to set up the optimal correlation model between BSP and pH. The results showed that: 1) BSP ranged from 2.30% to 94.02% with a mean of 25.07%, while pH from 3.42 to 6.91 with a mean of 4.98 for the total soil samples. 2) There were significant differences in pH between different soil types (R2 were 0.624 for Ferralosols, 0.507 for Ferrosols, 0.515 for Argosols, and 0.456 for Cambosols, p 2 were 0.580 for Quaternary red clay, 0.434 for granite, 0.642 for sandstone, and 0.712 for basalt, p 2 were 0.623 for dryland, and 0.404 for forest land, p 0), their probability density curves were mainly in flat or normal curves (y = 6.84x2 &#8722;45.86x + 81.52, R2 = 0.494, p < 0.01).

《红色中华》“扩红”传播的渗透性范式探析

“扩红”运动是《红色中华》贯穿始终的重大主题宣传的核心内容。该报通过巨量信息输出、炫目版面烘托、多元介质集聚等手段,构建了苏区“扩红”运动弥漫性的信息氛围;通过类似“不虚美不隐恶”的史家记人等笔法,塑造出了一批洗尽铅华、可信可近的“扩红”模范典型;通过策划与组织“扩红”竞赛、渲染与呈现竞争氛围、评析与总结竞赛结果,营造出了“扩红”运动竞争性的舆论情境。上述三种采编设计的叠加实施,促使“扩红”运动不仅在最广泛的境域拓展,而且还深度楔入广大百姓的常态生活,《红色中华》“扩红”运动的主题宣传由此形成了渗透性的传播效应,并转化出现实的宣传成果。

南方崩岗调查内容与方法探讨

崩岗是我国南方水土流失的一种特殊类型,广泛分布于南方红壤区,是该区域严重的生态问题之一。第一次崩岗调查距今已近20年,相关情况已发生巨大变化。崩岗现状不清直接影响了行政管理部门对崩岗防治相关工作的规划和决策,因此急需开展新一轮崩岗调查。新时代水土保持高质量发展为崩岗调查提供了机遇,差别化分类防治和分步实施对崩岗调查提出了更高要求,现代信息技术为崩岗调查提供了新方法,以服务崩岗风险评估和防治规划为导向,在充分利用第一次崩岗调查成果基础上,补充崩岗发育的小山体调查,将典型调查改为全面普查,系统探讨崩岗调查对象与范围、调查内容、调查程序与方法,以期为行政管理部门和技术单位启动新一轮崩岗调查工作提供参考。

红色文化国际传播中的形象构建及传播策略研究——以China Daily为例

红色文化是中华民族文化的重要组成部分,做好红色文化的国际传播对于赓续红色根脉及在国际社会塑造中国共产党形象有重要意义。通过分析China Daily上关于红色文化的英文报道发现,作为红色文化传播的主流媒体,China Daily善于把握注意力,以共情为原则进行信息重构,在碎片化的叙事中介绍红色文化,塑造中国共产党全心全意为人民服务的形象。

Formation Mechanism of Reduction Spheroids with Dark Cores in Cretaceous Red Beds in Jiaolai Basin, China

Red beds are not entirely red sometimes, in which grey-green spheroids or irregular spots can be found. However, the formation mechanism of grey-green spheroids or irregular spots in red beds is not clear so far. Samples taken from well JK1 in Jiaozhou area of Jiaolai Basin displayed that the reduction spheroids have more Vanadium (V) element, less TFe3O4 and Lead (Pb) element, almost the same content of other elements such as FeO and so on, comparing the red parts of the samples. The existence of organisms can explain the existence of green reductive spheres in the red beds formed under the oxidation environment.

超前翻译中的译者主体性——以《续西行漫记》复社中译本为例

超前翻译是一种特殊的翻译现象,出现在历史特殊时期,目前尚未发现对该翻译现象进行深入研究的学术成果。由于特殊的时代语境和政治语境,抗战时期外国记者红区报道的翻译出现了不少超前翻译的译本,《续西行漫记》复社中译本就是典型的超前翻译。《续西行漫记》是抗战时期外国记者红区报道的代表作之一,国内的相关研究主要集中在其原文本及中译本对中国共产党及红军各类形象的建构及宣传上,对译本的本体研究尚未引起关注。在抗战时期特殊的社会、政治、文化环境的影响下,《续西行漫记》复社中译本体现了鲜明的译者主体性,主要表现在对翻译文本的选择和为实现译者特定的文化目的而采取的翻译策略上。“超前翻译”概念的提出丰富了翻译学的基本概念体系,具有理论创新价值。

中央苏区红军模范制度建设述论

红军模范制度建设是中国共产党在中央苏区局部执政时期开展英模表彰的最早实践探索,是人民军队先进模范工作的历史源头,在中国共产党军队建设史上占有重要地位。中央苏区红军模范制度建设是中国共产党政治建军的必然要求,是红军发展的内在要求。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人对红军模范表彰的指导和实践,红军指战员的积极参与是红军模范制度建立的重要条件。中央苏区红军在建立模范组织、表彰模范个人、宣传模范事迹等方面进行了有效的实践,积累了宝贵的经验,促进了“政治建军”和“支部建在连上”思想在红军中的实践,整顿了地方武装,提高了红军的战斗力,巩固了革命根据地。

Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous Red beds from Eastern Part of South China Block

We performed on paleomagnetic investigation of the Upper Cretaceous red sandstones collected from Fujiau and Guangdong provinces. Significant characteristic directions were isolated by principal comPonent analysis from 22 of 25 and 9 of 14 sampling sites iu Fujian and Guangdong,respectively. Maximum concentration of global mean directions every province is achieved at 70 %and complete (100 % ) untilting for Fujian and Guangdong, respectively. We regarded these mean directions as the Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic directions and calculated virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs); Fujian, Lat. /Lon. = 79. 4°N/210. 3°E (α95= 5. 1°) and Guangdong, Lat. /Lon. = 80. 1°N/193. 4°E (α95=8. 0°). These two VGPs are nearly equal to each other and to a mean VGP from Sichuan Province reported previously. This observation suggests no relative movement among three regions, Fujian, Guangdong and Sichuan, since the Late Cretaceous. Two VGPs from this study are significantly different from previously reported VGPs from the same regions. Further systematic paleomagnetic works are needed to clarify this difference of VGP Positions.

“红色经典”海外传播与国际社会对中国的认知

作为与当代社会发展结合紧密的文学艺术类型,“红色经典”的海外传播同国际社会对中国的认知有着内在的关联。“红色经典”在20世纪50—70年代集中传播到欧美和亚洲的一些国家,建构起关于“红色经典”的知识再生产;而国外知识界特别是美国和法国左翼知识分子对红色中国的认同与赞赏起到了消解彼时西方主流社会对中国负面宣传的作用,他们对毛泽东思想的热衷与“红色经典”所反映的中国革命和社会主义建设成就形成互文、互动及互鉴。新世纪以来,国外文学文化领域对我国“红色经典”改编的关注,同近年来国外经济政治领域渴望了解并热衷探讨当代中国成功发展经验的内在需求,形成某种隐在的呼应。