Accounting Systems in Cultural Context： A Research Framework for China Studies in Global Economy

The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy. Research studies on the PRC are valuable not only to policymakers in the PRC but also to a larger audience in the global business community. Accounting standards and practices are central to the economic order of any society. As accounting systems are not isolated from social and cultural systems, towards an understanding of social/cultural environments interacting with accounting systems in the PRC in turn facilitates the international investors to interpret financial information and to set strategies in doing businesses in the country. It is expected that the research results of this kind of projects will have implications to different aspects of financial disclosure of companies in the PRC. Being grounded in the current accounting literature, the proposed conceptual framework in this paper is to discern the interconnections between accounting systems and cul^ral factors in the PRC. It aims at contributing to the accounting body of knowledge and to provide practical insights for global managers.

Scenarios for the Development of China Studies in Saudi Arabia in Correspondence With Contemporary Saudi Values

The Saudi decision to incorporate Chinese language into its national education system has been a catalyst for the potential development of China studies in Saudi Arabia.After giving a quick review on Saudi Arabia’s previous experiences related to foreign language teaching and Western studies and also the origins and the early germination of China Studies that have appeared during the past decades,the article finds a series of contemporary values of dialogue that Saudi Arabia has tried to interpret and disseminate in its nation-building progress especially since the new millennium,which forms a benign interactive relationship with the possible development of the Chinese as a foreign language(CFL)program,which should be regarded as a tool of China studies,together they become new elements worthy of attention in the modernisation process with Saudi characteristics.By bringing forward several potential scenarios for the future development of the new elements mentioned above,the article concludes with the idea that the future existence of China Studies in Saudi Arabia will contribute to the sustainable and indepth development of Sino-Saudi relations,while a new type of‘social norm’is to be formed gradually through the operating Saudi transformation,under which the Saudi people will more likely be focussed on their commonalities and diversities with Eastern societies and civilisations,so as to seek deeper mutual understandings through inter-cultural communications.

Epidemiological Studies on Cystic Echinococcosis in China─A Review

In the four decades from 1951 to 1990, the six provinces or autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xizang and Nei Monggol) reported a total of 26 065surgical cases of hydatid disease, most of which were reported in the recent decade. About one third of the patients was children and adolescents under 15 years old. So far, cystic hydatid infections of local origin have been confirmed in 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the whole nation. Findings of X-ray examination and real-time B-mode ultrasonography in agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai,Ningxia and Xizang showed that the morbidity rate of hydatidosis in human population varied between 0.5% and 4.5%. The main animal intermediate host in all these regions is sheep, the morbidity of which varied between 3.3% and 90%. The infection rate of adult Echinococcus granulosus in dogs varied between 7% and 71%. The high-risk period for humans contracting hydatid disease is the pre-school age. Direct contact of children with dogs and ingestion of water, vegetables and foods contaminated by worm eggs are the chief mode of transmission for human hydatidosis. The common practices of home slaughter and of feeding dogs on offal containing hydatid cysts facilitate the life cycIe of the parasite.On the basis of hydatid control efforts for several years, the Ministry of Public Health promulgated officially the '1992-1995 National Programme for Hydatid Disease Control'in April, 1992, and pilot studies in which the control of hydatidosis is composed of extensive health education, sanitation of slaughtering and management and deworming of dogs are being established.Cystic echinococcosis has wide distribution in China and is a major public health problem in hyperendemic areas, poses a great threat against people's health and influences the development of livestock husbandry. This problem has received great attention from the medical and veterinary departments. In the rencent decade great efforts have been made in the epidemiology, parasitology and clinical treatment of echinococcosis, resulting in a better understanding of the disease and procedures effective in bringing about control of the disease

Introducing China International Studies

The world situation is experiencing profound and complex changes. With the further deepening of economic globalization, various countries with interwoven interests are becoming increasingly interdependent and interrelated. A large number of big developing countries are rising, adding fresh rich elements to the trend of development toward multi-polarity.

On the 2002 U. S. Mid-Term Election Zhang Yanyu and Wang Wenfeng are both assistant research professors at the Division for American Studies in China Institute of Contemporary International Relations

The first mid-term election of the U. S. in the new century took place on November 5, 2002. One third of the senators from the 107th Congress (34 out of 100), all representatives (435), 36 state governors, and numerous local officials and legislators were to be elected or reelected. The resounding victory of the GOP in the congressional elections and the fact that the Democrats only got three more.

Studies on the Gorgonians of China——Ⅰ. Isis with one new species

Biostatistics (F analysis and Duncan's new multiple range test) combining with numerical and traditional taxonomy is used to report one new species, ( Isis minorbrachyblasta(I. m) ) as well as I. hippuris (I. h) and I. reticulata(I. r) from the China seas. The morphological characters of the spicules and other skeletal structures of each species are illustrated in de-tials with Scanning Electron Micrographs and compared with each other.

Oxygen Isotope Studies of Wolframite in Tungsten Ore Deposits of South China

Based on the oxygen isotopic compositions of 133 wolframite samples and 110 quartz sampleseollected from 30 tungsten ore deposits in south China,in conjunction with δD values and other data,thesc deposits can be divided into four types. （l）Reequilibrated magmatic water-hydrothermal tungsten ore deposits. The δ18O values ofwolframite and quartz samples from this type of tungsten ore deposits are about +5-+12‰,respectively.The calculated δ（18）OH2O values of ore fluids in equilibrium with quartz are about+65‰,and the δDH2O values of fluid inclusions in quartz range from -40 to-70‰. （2）Meteoric water-hydrothermal tungsten ore deposits.Theδ18O values of wolframite in this type oftungsten dePosits are around-1‰. （3）Stratiform tungsten ore deposits.In these deposits,theδ18O values of quartz and wolframite areabout+17 and+3‰,respectively.It is considered that these stratiform tungsten ore deposits aregenetically related to submarine hot—spring activities。 （4）Complex mid-hydrothermal tungsten ore deposits.These tungsten ore deposits arecharacterized by multi-staged mineralization.The δ18O values of early wolframite are around+5‰,butof later wolframite are lower than+4‰,indicating that the early wolframite was precipitated fromreequilibrated magmatic water-hydrothermal solutions and the late one from the mixture ofhvdrothermal solutions with meteoric waters or mainly from meteoric waters, Based on the δ18O values of the coexisting quartz and wolframite and temperature data,twocalibration equilibrium curves have been constructed,and the corresponding equations have beenObtained: 1000 lnaQ-Wf=2.565×107T-2—7.28×l04T-1+57.27 1000 In aWf-H20=-2.285×107T-2+7.49×104T-1-61.79.

STUDIES ON CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUS MAUR YA FROM CHINA (Homoptera: Membracidae)

In the present paper, the history of the research on classification of the genus Maurya Distant is recalled and 11 species from China belonging to it are noted. Of them, 7 are new to science. Type specimens are kept in the Entomological Museumof Northwestern Agricultural University, expect those whose depositions are noticed.

Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

Happy New Year to Our Readers and Greetings to China International Studies

Editors’ Note: The New Year approaches as we greet the first anniversary of China International Studies. Availing ourselves of this opportunity, we sincerely wish our readers a happy and prosperous New Year! China International Studies began its publication last December. Since its inception, various think-tanks and institutions of higher learning both at home and abroad as well as Chinese embassies in foreign countries and foreign embassies in Beijing have offered it great support. Many readers wrote to us giving their encouragement on this new-born publication. We are carrying some of the messages in this issue to express our deep appreciation. Articles in this issue are mainly on the Middle East situation, the Iran nuclear issue, China-EU relations, China-India relations and China’s peaceful diplomacy. We are also publishing a paper by a foreign scholar for the first time.

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE EAST CHINA CENTER FOR RESOURCE ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (RESDS) East China Center of Resources Environment and Sustainable Development Studies

The Center for RESDS is an R&D body for comprehensive study under the joint sponsorship of the CAS Nanjing Branch,Nanjing University and Hehai University, all being research and educational institutions in the vicinity of Nanjing. The Center’s headquarters are the CAS Nanjing Branch. The Center’s objective is to answer the challenge posed by the 21st century and serve the economic reconstruction across the land by marrying campuses with research institutes so that the center might grow into