Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

China's WTO Entry Helps Sino-US Ties

China applied for restoration of its status as the GATT founding member in1986. The country has made great endeavor in reducing customs duties, removing non-tariff barriers, enhancing protection of intellectual property rights andservice trades, launching reform of the foreign trade regime, eliminating trade bar-riers and improving environment for foreign investment. Over the past 14 years,China has taken part in 26 relevant multilateral meetings and hundreds of bilateralnegotiations.

China's Agriculture Calling for Foreign Investment

At the recently-convened meetings of the National People’sCongress and the Chinese People’s Political ConsultativeCoference, agriculture has once again become a hot topicattracting attentions of deputies. Speeding up the opening up ofagricultural sector and properly resolving the thorny financial andtechnological problems confronting it become a highlighted issuein the State’s plan to utilize foreign investment in the coming fewyears.

Ten Years in the WTO,China's Agricultural Sector Still on the Road

In the process of accession to the WTO, China opened up its agricultural market to a large extent, cut its agricultural tariffs by 72%. The current agricultural tariff is less than 1 / 4 of the average international level, lower than developing nations such as India

At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC

The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided

MII prepares six major measures meet challenges of China's entry into WTO

Jiang Yaoping, Vice Minister of MII (Ministry of Information Industry), has introduced six major preparations and measures of China information industry to meet challenges of China's entry into WTO at the conference "Opportuuities and Challenges of the Information Industry" on 5th Anniversary of China's entry into WTO on 11th Dec, 2006, which are stated as follows:……

Challenges or Opportunities?——Developments of China's Grain Industry since WTO Entry

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,while grain is the cornet stone of that foundation.It is also essential for subsistence and development of the mankind. In recent years,especially since its entry into the WTO, China has been undergoing a period of twists and turns in the development of its grain production and trade which used to be sound and stable.

Problems and measures after China's WTO entry

China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will not only benefit the country’s economic development, but also have far-reaching influences on Chinese society, pointed out a report released by the Development Research Centre under the State Council at a recent forum. WTO membership will accelerate the modernization of Chinese society and have a positive effect on people’s lives. However, it may also exacerbate some existing problems such as unemployment and the widening gap between social classes, said the report. The government is urged to draft specific laws and policies to deal with coming challenges, ease potential social conflicts

WTO Entry and China's Human Rights Cause

China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) represents a strategic step taken by the country to open itself even wider to the outside world, indicating its readiness to get involved in the process of economic globalization.

Thirteen Years for China's Entry into WTO

ChinaandtheUnitedStatesfinallyreachedanagreementonChina'sentryintotheWTOonNov.11,1999.ThisisanimportantmptowardsChina'sWTOentry,thatinvolved13yearsofnegotiation.AccordingtoPremierZhuRongji,"Thenegotiationshavelastedsolonsthatourhairhavegrey.Theyshoul...