Spending Power on the rise in China’s Smaller Cities

China’s big spenders now far-flung by Yu Nan WIDELY recognized as one of the most beautiful cities in China,the coastal port of Dalian is a perfect example of a lowertier city becoming a growth hub for multinationals, owing to stronger purchasing power. That trend inspired Boston Consulting Group(BCG) to release a report,advising businessmen to look beyond the familiar mega-cities to the fast-growing smaller

Water Shortages in China's Cities

"Water,woater evenyuwhere,and nary a drop to drink!"Poetry becomes reality in China,as experts scramble to find new supplies of the preious liquid to slake the thirst of a growing population and industry.

Rank-size Distributions of Chinese Cities: Macro and Micro Patterns

A large number of studies have been conducted to find a better fit for city rank-size distributions in different countries. Many theoretical curves have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. This study argues for the importance of examining city rank-size distribution across different city size scales. In addition to focusing on macro patterns, this study examines the micro patterns of city rank-size distributions in China. A moving window method is developed to detect rank-size distributions of cities in different sizes incrementally. The results show that micro patterns of the actual city rank-size distributions in China are much more complex than those suggested by the three theoretical distributions examined(Pareto, quadratic, and q-exponential distributions). City size distributions present persistent discontinuities. Large cities are more evenly distributed than small cities and than that predicted by Zipf′s law. In addition, the trend is becoming more pronounced over time. Medium-sized cities became evenly distributed first and then unevenly distributed thereafter. The rank-size distributions of small cities are relatively consistent. While the three theoretical distributions examined in this study all have the ability to detect the overall dynamics of city rank-size distributions, the actual macro distribution may be composed of a combination of the three theoretical distributions.

URBAN COMPETITIVE PATTERN AND ITS CHANGES IN CHINA

With the national economy’s transition from a planning one to a market one, the factors affecting regional economic pattern has changed greatly. In this paper we first construct an index system for evaluating competitiveness of Chinese cities based on modern competitive advantage theory. With principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, we compare the factors affecling cities’ integrated competitiveness in 1990 and 1997. We find that four major factors are capital (including investment, FDI and urban financial revenue ), urban ithestructure (transporiation and communication, urbanization level, education etc. ), industrial performance and structure, degree of market openness and that these factors have become more advanced and complicated since 1990. Most Chinese cities are transforming from productive factors-oriented type to investment-oriented type and a few are becoming innovation oriented. The integrated competitiveness is closely related to cities’ scale, urban function, regional policy and degree of market openness and displays an uneven spatial pattern. The difference between the south and the north and the difference between the west and the east co-exist bul the former has been more larger. Finally, we discuss the mechanism behind the pattern and attribute the unevenness to change of factors dominating the cities’ compehtiveness regional innovation capacity and geographical differenceof traditional culture.

Developing a Subjective Evaluation Scale for Assessing the Built Environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative

Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Impact Factors of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Case Study of Yuhui District in Bengbu City, China

Among cancers, lung cancer is the most common cause of death in China. For the prevention and control of lung cancer, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality, as well as the changes in the trend and the affecting mechanism. Based on statistics and auto-correlation analysis, this paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality in Yuhui District, Bengbu, Huaihe River Basin, from 2017 to 2020. In addition, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Assessment Model and Geographic Detector Model were used to examine the relationship between environmental factors and lung cancer mortality to identify impact factors and their mechanisms. The findings indicated that: 1) from the characteristics of temporal distribution, the number of lung cancer deaths exhibited a linear growth tendency, with the highest mortality in winter;2) from the characteristics of spatial distribution, lung cancer mortality showed a strong spatial agglomeration form, concentrating on two clustering areas, located in the old city and the central city of Bengbu, near the Huaihe River;3) from the point of view of the whole research area, there were 15 impact factors with significant correlation in the built and natural environment factors. The significant impacting factors in the built environment included land use, road traffic, spatial form and blue-green space, which could indirectly affect lung cancer mortality, while air pollution and temperature constituted the significant impacting factors in the natural environment;4) the influence of screened environmental factors on lung cancer mortality was different. Spatial stratified heterogeneity assessment, the interaction among environmental factors demonstrated statistical significance, it was found that the interaction between environmental factors in pairs had a significant enhancement effect on lung cancer mortality. To some extent, urban planning and policies could reduce lung cancer mortality.

近代在华英文报刊对华报道研究--以《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》对抗战时期无锡的报道为案例

《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》作为近代西方人在上海创办的知名英文报纸,无论发行数量还是影响力都位居同时期各类在华外文报刊的前列。本文以这两份著名英文报纸为主要史料,以抗战时期的无锡为案例,说明二者是如何报道抗战期间的无锡的;同时对两份报纸中有关抗战期间无锡报道的内容与立场进行对比,指出《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》虽同为近代西方人在上海创办的英文刊物,但二者代表着不同国家的利益,这是影响两份英文报纸对华报道的关键因素。

Size and Characteristic of Housing Bubbles in China's Major cities:1999-2010

There is some disagreement in the published literature regarding the definition and the measurement of housing bubbles in China. Extending the analytical framework of Black et al. （2006）, the present paper measures the housing bubbles of China＇s 35 major cities from the second quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2010. The results indicate that the housing bubbles in China＇s 35 major cities were relatively small in the sample interval, but the bubbles in eastern metropolises, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Ningbo, have been relatively big since 2005. The changing tendency of housing bubbles in most cities highly corresponds with the changes in real estate policies. This paper decomposes the housing bubbles of the 35 cities, and finds a great proportion of irrational bubbles rather than rational intrinsic bubbles generated by price speculation. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations for preventing the generation and expansion of housing bubbles.

Spatial-Temporal Changes of Housing Bubbles in China＇s Major Cities： 1999 to 2012

Existing literature is characterized by certain deficiencies in measuring housing bubbles in China. By extending the analytical framework of Black et al. （2006） to a spatial panel VAR structure, this paper measures housing bubbles in China＇s 35 major cities from 1999Q2 to 2012Q3 and analyzes the spatial-temporal changes of the housing bubbles in these cities. Results indicate that 1） changes to housing bubbles in most cities highly correspond with changes in the main real estate policies of the country and 2） housing bubbles in eastern developed cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, and Ningbo, have been relatively large in recent years although the average housing bubble is not very serious over the 35 major cities. Through the Kernel Density Function and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper finds that housing bubbles are concentrated in several eastern developed cities. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations on inhibiting the expansion and diffusion of housing bubbles.

LESSONS FROM EUROPE FOR CHINA?New Urban Sub-Centres for a Polycentric Network City

This paper compares two cases:It relates to the development of new urban sub-centres in China,and the relationship of these sub-centres to‘Network City’theory.As cities move towards more polycentric systems,the case of Potsdamer Platz Berlin,compared to Zhenru Sub-Centre in Shanghai,is discussed.Both are transport-oriented developments promoting mixed-use density and transport-oriented development.According to the documentation by Shanghai municipality,this new urban centre,which is currently in its planning phase,is supposed to become a‘sustainable sub-centre for a growing metropolis.’The author,who has intimate knowledge of the Berlin case,was asked to advice on the Chinese project,based on the Potsdamer Platz experience.After some hesitation,a series of careful recommen­dations were formulated for the design and development of the Zhenru Sub-Centre,knowing that it is rather difficult to translate from one case to the other.The conclusion includes five recommendations for the urban design of such sub-centres,to ensure a delivery of economical,social and environmental sustainable outcomes.

A Review of Housing Construction in China's Cities

In this article,the author briefly reviews the urban housing construction in the 40 yearssince the founding of New China,especially over the recent ten years.He puts emphasis on theanalysis of the benefits and defects brought about by the financing and banking system for urbanhousing construction before and during the reform of housing system.

A Preliminary Summary of the Experiment on Housing Cooperative in China's Cities and Towns

July 1986 saw the establishment of"Xin Xin Housing Cooperative", the first ofits kind in China, run by Shanghai Toy Ex-

The Best of Beijing

FOR much of China’s history, the city of Beijing has been the nation’s capital.Thus it boasts a wealth of ancient cultural treasures, including buildings, parks and monuments. These are five of the better ones.

The difference of clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Fourth-tier city and Wuhan

Objective:This study mainly analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Suining,one of China’s fourth-tier cities,and Wuhan and compared data between the 2 cities.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 68 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed at Wuhan Red Cross Hospital and 17 patients diagnosed at Suining Central Hospital,was conducted.Results:Among the 68 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,30(44.1%)had hypertension,and 25(36.8%)had diabetes.Three out of the 17 patients in Suining(17.6%)had hypertension,and 2 patients(11.8%)had diabetes.In the clinical classification,there were 1(5.9%)and 23(33.8%)patients with severe COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.Chest CT showed that lung consolidation occurred in 2(11.8%)and 26(38.2%)patients with COVID-19 in Suining and Wuhan,respectively.The proportion of patients with diabetes or hypertension,severe COVID-19,lung consolidation in Wuhan was significantly higher than that in Suining.The laboratory tests suggested that percentage of elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(58.8%),ALT(33.8%),blood glucose(45.6%),creatine kinase(CK)(33.8%)or D-dimer(47.1%)of patients in Wuhan were significantly increased than those in Suining(29.4%,5.9%,17.6%,5.9%,and 17.7%,respectively).Conclusion:The incidence of COVID-19 in fourth-tier city and the disease severity were significantly lower than that in Wuhan.

Liaoyang,One of China’s 100 Top Cities for Comprehensive Strength

Faced with the opportunity of rejuvenating the old industrial base in Northeast China, the people in Liaoyang persist in the spirit of pioneer and hard work and thus make outstanding achievements. Respectively, Liaoyang City

人民城市理念的出场逻辑、科学内涵与实践路径

城市是人民追求美好生活的重要场域。中国共产党百年城市工作的目标就是把城市建设成为属于人民的城市,协同推进城市现代化和人的现代化。习近平提出的人民城市理念可谓对党的百年城市工作的价值总结,也是对新时代城市治理的价值要求。人民城市理念是社会主义制度和人民至上价值观在城市工作领域的必然要求,主要包含“为人民”“人民建”“人民享”“人民评”四个方面的内涵。面向现实,要深刻认识人民城市较之于资本城市的理念优势,坚定中国特色城市发展道路自信;面向未来,要以高度的历史自觉、历史责任,在加强人民城市学研究、激发人民参与城市治理的积极性、构建科学的人民城市评价标准等过程中稳步有序地推进人民城市建设。

“首都都市度假旅游圈”对承德市旅游空间变动的影响

承德市长期以来以观光旅游为主,以避暑山庄和外八庙为核心,形成了凝聚式的区域旅游空间结构。随着“首都都市旅游度假圈”的形成,在休闲度假旅游市场需求驱动之下,承德市紧邻京津的区位优势将导致区域旅游系统空间结构发生变化。本文根据距离衰减规律,采用“时间距离法”对“首都都市旅游度假圈”的范围做了界定。其次,本文从市场需求特征、区位特征、交通条件的角度分析了“首都都市旅游度假圈”对承德旅游空间结构的影响。最后,本文根据承德市旅游市场的发展趋势、旅游资源结构、区域旅游交通状况、旅游业发展基础、旅游业空间网络的完备性等原则,重新构建了由旅游目的地区域、旅游区、旅游节点、入口通道和客源市场等六大要素组成的承德市旅游系统空间结构模式,即以避暑山庄、外八庙为主的中部遗产旅游区、以森林草原为主的北部草原旅游区和以山水风光为主的南部旅游区构成的“一体两翼”模式,并据此提出了承德市旅游系统空间重构的相应对策。