On the Strategic Relationship between China and Islamic Countries in the Middle East

The relationship between China and the Islamic countries has been of strategic significance;mutual understanding and mutual respect in their political ties has been the mainstream in the bilateral relationship.Since the founding of new China,their relationship has undergone two phases:from bilateral to multilateral relations and from mainly in the political field to comprehensive ties in the economic and trade,resources,security,culture and other fields.For future development of bilateral relationships,issues such as misjudgment and misunderstanding,trade imbalance and conflicts of interest must be resolved.To do so,strategic significance must be attached to bilateral relationships so as to uplift the strategic position of the Middle East in the overall Chinese diplomacy,establish a Middle East strategy with Chinese characteristics and strengthen China's cultural diplomacy including religious communication with the Islamic countries in the Middle East.

Analysis on the Trends of the Middle East Turmoil

The extremist organization“IS”brought additional chaos to the Middle East.It is expected that Egypt will restore order.The main hot spot issues have witnessed some changes but are still hard to solve.The US is the producer of the Middle East turmoil.Internal disputes in the Middle East are still prevalent.China still has great potential to develop the friendship and cooperation with Middle East countries.

The Economic and Trade Factors in China’s National Image in the Arab Countries

In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not more important,element.The recent years have witnessed a continuous growth of trade between China and Arab countries—a newly established crucial trading partner and platform for practicing the“going-out”strategy.Thanks to both sides complimenting each other,a positive win-win situation has been achieved.However,as more and more Chinese merchandises and enterprises have entered the Arab world,certain problems have emerged,such as poor quality of merchandises,illegal operation of enterprises,and difficulties of certain Chinese employees integrating into local life.These economic and trade elements have become key factors in shaping China’s image in the Arab countries,and hence should not be left unattended.

The Reasons and Consequences of Political and Social Unrest in Arab Countries

There are many complex internal causes and external reasons for the intense political and social unrest in the Arab world.The United States and other Western powers are actively involved.The unrest will initiate a new historical chapter seeking a fresh path of development for citizens of the Arab world.The current unrest will last for some time and will undoubtedly have comprehensive impact on the entire configuration of the Middle East.The US dominance of Middle Eastern affairs has diminished,but its overall status has not been shaken.

中东剧变对中国海外利益的影响

2011年以来的阿拉伯政治变革运动,对中东地区包括中阿经贸、双边投资、工程承包、人员安全等在内的中国海外利益产生了直接或间接、显性或隐性的负面影响,主要体现在三个方面:一是利比亚,二是南北苏丹,三是能源供应。阿拉伯变局对中国在中东地区的海外利益提出了警示,中国应认真总结经验教训,积极应对。鉴于中国企业在这次阿拉伯变局中的受损教训,中国应为日益扩大的海外利益建立起自己的对外大战略。

西亚北非剧变与世界新安全观的构建

自2011年初发生的阿拉伯政治变革运动,对中东地区包括中阿经贸、双边投资、工程承包、人员安全等在内的中国海外利益产生了直接或间接、显性或隐性的负面影响,主要体现在三个方面,一是利比亚,二是南北苏丹,三是能源供应。阿拉伯剧变对中国在中东地区的海外利益提出了警示,中国应认真总结经验教训,积极应对。鉴于中国企业此次在阿拉伯乱局中的受损经验,中国应该为日益壮大的海外利益建立起自己的对外大战略。

开展海外能源合作,确保中国石油供应

中国的石油需求增长迅速已成为世界性共识。在国内资源条件不理想的情况下,中国的最佳选择是,积极开展海外能源合作,以确保石油供应。各种因素表明,中东产油国应是中国的首选合作方。在开展海外能源合作,与一些主要的石油生产国或石油输出国互动时,既要重视提高海外能源运输的安全系数,也应以积极、友善的姿态,与周边邻国合作,构建亚洲石油供应保障体系。

中国在中东的风险分析:以海湾地区为例

极具地缘战略价值的中东特别是海湾地区是中国"大周边"战略的重要组成部分。中国在中东存在政治、经济、贸易、安全、文化等多方面利益。在"无政府状态"的国际体系中,中国获取中东利益时面临外部较为严峻的挑战。因此,在纷争四起、矛盾错综复杂的中东,中国需要具备强烈的风险意识,对其认知必须充分,分析必须深入,规避务必得当,以期把预期风险化解到最小,也只有这样,中国才能比较顺利地实现自己在中东尤其是海湾地区的利益最大化。

论新时期中国在中东的柔性军事存在

中国对中东的能源、投资和贸易依存度远超过西方大国,却是安理会五个常任理事国中唯一未在中东部署军事基地的域外大国。本文从地缘政治主导型与地缘经济主导型二分法出发,认为西方大国在中东奉行地缘政治主导型战略,谋求政治主导权、反恐、防扩散、拓展民主、保卫盟友、维护侨民和能源供应安全等利益,其海外利益具有复合性,因而部署军事基地;中国在中东奉行地缘经济主导型战略,谋求扩大能源、投资和贸易合作,其海外利益具有单一性,因而部署柔性军事存在。中国在中东的柔性军事存在包括亚丁湾护航编队、后勤补给基地、联合国维和部队、海外军事代表处与开展军事培训项目等形式,既奉行不干涉他国内政、不在海外部署军事基地的基本原则,又参与中东地区治理和保护海外现实利益。未来,西方大国在中东的军事基地与新兴大国在中东的柔性军事存在将长期并存;西方军事强国主导的地缘政治权力中心与亚洲经济强国主导的地缘经济权力中心将共同构成中东的二元权力结构。

中东地缘政治格局变化与中阿经贸发展长远战略

美国在中东实施战略收缩,导致中东地缘政治格局发生深刻变化:美国与中东传统盟国的关系出现裂痕,中东国家寻求外交多元化;俄罗斯和法国等大国获得在中东扩大影响的空间;教派矛盾尖锐,极端宗教势力和恐怖主义组织活动猖獗,中东政局动荡长期化;中东面临军备竞赛和核竞赛的危险。中东地缘政治格局变化对中阿经贸关系的发展将产生重大影响:一方面增加了中国在阿拉伯世界的战略回旋余地,为扩大与阿拉伯国家的经贸关系提供了新机遇;另一方面,也使中国在发展与阿拉伯国家经贸关系时面临更为激烈的竞争和政局动荡带来的各种风险。从长远来看,中国应在中东地缘政治格局变化中趋利避害,合理布局,确定战略支点国家;根据阿拉伯国家不同经济发展水平,以及中国的经济发展需要和相对优势,确定重点合作领域。