Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

The Normative Enlightenment of China's Human Rights Studies from the Space-Time Dimensions of the Chinese Dream

In order to gradually build a theoretical system of human rights with Chinese characteristics that conforms to the development of the times through rigorous academic research, researchers need to break through the basic think- ing tendency of ＂from idea to idea＂ step by step and finally establish the fundamental research orientation of ＂specifying human rights stud- ies.＂ Through comprehensive and systematic analysis and sorting out various basic concepts relating to human rights, researchers also need to finally establish a solid foundation and prerequisite for fruitful academic study.

Scholars Discuss Hu Jintao's Letter to China Society for Human Rights Studies

Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of ,China and state president,recently wrote a letter to the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）. The letter was published on December 10, 2008. Social circles have responded enthusiastically to the letter. On December 16, 2008 the society held a forum where participants discussed important ideas Hu expresses in his letter.

Relationship between ABO blood groups and carcinoma of esophagus and cardia in Chaoshan inhabitants of China

AIM:To study the relationship between ABO blood groups and carcinoma of esophagus and cardia in Chaoshan inhabitants of China, which is a unique Littoral high-risk area of esophageal carcinoma in China. The poor communication and transportation in the past has made Chaoshan a relatively closed area and kept its culture and custure of old China thousand years ago. METHODS: Data on age, sex, ABO blood type and X-ray or pathological diagnose of the patients with carcinoma of esophagus or cardia were collected from the Tumor Hospital. First Affiliated Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College; and the Central Hospital of Shantou and the Central Hospital of Jieyang. A total of 6685 patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) and 2955 patients with cardiac cancer (CC) in Chaoshan district were retrospectively assessed for their association with ABO blood groups. RESULTS: The distribution of ABO blood groups in patients with EC or CC was similar to the normal local population in Chaoshan. However, blood group B in male patients with CC and in the patients with carcinoma in the upper third esophagus was 2.3% and 4.7% higher than the corresponding controls. The relative risk B O was 1.1415 (P【0.05) and 1.2696 (P【0.05), respectively. No relationship was found between ABO blood groups and tumor differentiation. CONCLUSION: ABO blood group B is associated with the incidence of CC in male individuals and carcinoma in the upper third esophagus. The distribution of ABO blood groups varies in the different geographical and ethnic groups. As a result, proper controls are very important for such studies.

Multi-model comparison of CO2 emissions peaking in China:Lessons from CEMF01 study

The paper summarizes results of the China Energy Modeling Forum's(CEMF)first study.Carbon emissions peaking scenarios,consistent with China's Paris commitment,have been simulated with seven national and industry-level energy models and compared.The CO2 emission trends in the considered scenarios peak from 2015 to 2030 at the level of 9e11 Gt.Sector-level analysis suggests that total emissions pathways before 2030 will be determined mainly by dynamics of emissions in the electric power industry and transportation sector.Both sectors will experience significant increase in demand,but have low-carbon alternative options for development.Based on a side-by-side comparison of modeling input and results,conclusions have been drawn regarding the sources of emissions projections differences,which include data,views on economic perspectives,or models'structure and theoretical framework.Some suggestions have been made regarding energy models'development priorities for further research.

China's CDM Policies and Their Development Implications:Major Concerns for CDM Implementation

Most CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) opportunities exist in some large industrializing developing countries. For instance, China is estimated to take 48% of the world potential for CDM project activities. In reality, however, the share by China over the CDM projects registered and CDM projects in the pipeline is less than 10% as of Auguest 2005. This paper will examine the reasons behind, as reflected in China's CDM policies. Further investigation will be made into the use of these policies to boost the country's sustainable development, the sustainable development implications and effects of these policies. In addition, it is noted that incompatibility of some other Chinese laws and policies can be responsible for the low level and slow pace of CDM implementation in China and some suggestions are offered for promoting CDM project activities in China. There also exist barriers at the international level that impedes implementation of CDM project activities. A conclusion is drawn that CDM policies in a developing country like China aim mainly at promotion of sustainable development and to a lesser extent the generation of CERs.

A Study of China's Employment Patern

Ｔｈｅｅｍｐｌｏｙｍｅｎｔｉｓｓｕｅ，ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆｐｒｉｃｅ，ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｃａｎｄｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓｉｎｃｅ１９９７．Ｄａｔａｆｒｏｍａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｔｈｅｒｅｗｉｌｂ...

LIRR's Project of “Study on Spalling Mechanism Mechanism of Dense Refractory Castables by Rapid Heating-up” Being Obtained the Support from National Natural Natural Science Foundation of China

LIRR＇s Priject of ＂Research on Spalling Mechanism Due to Rapid Heating-up of Dense Refractory Castables＂ declared by Wang Zhanmin,vice-president of LIRR,will gain the fund support from National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2011.

Relevance Theory-based Cognitive Study on the Communication Effect of “China's Stories”

Telling the story of China and transmitting the voice of China has become a strategy to promote the national image and cultural soft power of China. Since its implementation in 2013, China has ushered in a significant change in communication ideas and approaches. This strategy also enriches the communication genres of "China's stories" and more importantly enhances its communication effect. In this context, it is necessary to understand and study the significance of this strategic practice, assess the value realization of "China's stories" during the communication process, and thereby establish a basis for future communication of more "China's stories." Based on the factors of relevance theory, this paper analyzes the ideas of and approaches to effective communication of "China's stories" and proposes corresponding strategies.

Publicizing China's Human Rights——A Case Study on Human Rights White Papers

Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl large country. Effective publicit3 regarding human rights developmen can help China win undersandin and respect from the internationa community for China＇s human rightt policies, show the image of a demo cratic, progressive, civilized ant open large country, and create favor. able global public opinion for China Since the Communist Party of Chin （CPC） attaches great importance tc publicity regarding key human right, issues of economic and social signifi. cance in China and of international concern as well, it has organizec relevant press conferences and corn. piled white papers on human rights. White papers are important means fol China to publicize its human right, progress to the rest of the world anc are important windows by which foreign countries can understanc China＇s policies, principled stand, and achievements related to humar rights. Based on a review of Chinese government white papers, this article discusses the work, function and modes of human rights publicity.

Study on Conditions for Enhancing Innovation Capacity of China's Textile Industry

The formation and maintenance of the innovation capacity of our textile industry does not only have to do with the sustainable development of textile industry itself,but also directly decides the international competition

New Five-Year Program and Progress of China's Human Rights Cause——A study of the guidelines set by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

The Proposal for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for China＇s Economic and Social Development （2011-2015）（herein after referred to as the ＂Proposed Plan＂ for short） provides a complete range of guidelines for China＇s im-mediate and long-term development.

“中国边疆学”构筑学术年谱

近代以来,在“千年未有之大变局”的影响下,边疆危机日益深重,众多学者投身边疆研究,掀起了边疆研究的高潮,为“中国边疆学”构筑奠定基础。“中国边疆学”构筑分为三个时期:近代边疆研究与“中国边疆学”的孕育时期(1840-1948),受时局的影响,政、学两界普遍探讨边疆问题,然后边疆研究机构创建、学术期刊涌现、边政学系设立、边疆调研开展孕育了“中国边疆学”;边疆研究的转向与“中国边疆学”探索的停滞时期(1949-1981),新中国成立后,社会主义发展处于探索阶段,边疆研究发生转向,除了台湾地区少量边政学探讨外,学术意义上的“中国边疆学”研究处于停滞状态;边疆研究高潮兴起与“中国边疆学”构筑、发展时期(1982-至今),改革开放之后,国家的相关发展战略推动边疆研究。目前,“中国边疆学”的发展仍存在困境,需要进一步探索和钻研。

Reduction of the incidence and mortality of rectal cancer bypolypectomy:a prospective cohort study in Haining County

AIM: To reduce the incidence and mortality of rectal cancer and address the hypothesis that colorectal cancer often arise from precursor lesion(s), either adenomas or non-adenomatous polyps, by conducting a population-based mass screening for colorectal cancer in Haining County, Zhejiang, PRC. METHODS: From 1977 to 1980, physicians screened the population of Haining County using 15 cm rigid endoscopy. Of over 240000 participants, 4076 of them were diagnosed with precursor lesions, either adenomas or non-adenomatous polyps, which were then removed surgically. All individuals with precursor lesions were followed up and reexamined by endoscopy every two to five years up to 1998. RESULTS: After the initial screening, 953 metachronous adenomas and 417 non-adenomatous polyps were detected and removed from the members of this cohort. Further, 27 cases of colorectal cancer were detected and treated. Log-rank tests showed that the survival time among those cancer patients who under went mass screening increased significantly compared to that of other colorectal cancer patients (P【0.0001). According to the population-based cancer registry in Haining County, age-adjusted incidence and mortality of rectal cancer decreased by 41% and 29% from 1977-1981 to 1992-1996, respectively. Observed cumulative 20-year rectal cancer incidence was 31% lower than the expected in the screened group; the mortality due to rectal cancer was 18% lower than the expected in the screened group. CONCLUSION:Mass screening for rectal cancer and precursor lesions with protocoscopy in the general population and periodical following-up with routine endoscopy for high-risk patients may decrease both the incidence and mortality of rectal cancer.

Cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and gastric cancer in Changle,Fujian Province

AIM: Genetic polymorphism in enzymes of carcinogen metabolism has been found to have the influence on the susceptibility to cancer. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is considered to play an important role in the metabolic activation of procarcinogens such as N-nitrosoamines and low molecular weight organic compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CYP450 2E1 polymorphisms are associated with risks of gastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study in Changle county, Fujian Province, a high-risk region of gastric cancer in China. Ninety-one incident gastric cancer patients and ninety-four healthy controls were included in our study. Datas including demographic characteristics, diet intake, and alcohol and tobacco consumption of individuals in our study were completed by a standardized questionnaire.PCR-RFLP revealed three genotypes:heterozygote (C1/C2) and two homozygotes (C1/C1 and C2/C2) in CYP2E1. RESULTS: The frequency of variant genotypes (C1/C2 and C2/C2) in gastric cancer cases and controls was 36.3% and 24.5%, respectively. The rare homozygous C2/C2 genotype was found in 6 individuals in gastric cancer group(6.6%), whereas there was only one in the control group (1.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (two-tailed Fisher's exact test P=0.066). Individuals in gastric cancer group were more likely to carry genotype C1/C2 (odds ratio, OR=1.50) and C2/C2 (OR=7.34) than individuals in control group (chi(2) =4.597, for trend P=0.032). The frequencies of genotypes with the C2 allele (C1/C2 and C2/C2 genotypes) were compared with those of genotypes without C2 allele (C1/C1 genotype) among individuals in gastric cancer group and control group according to the pattern of gastric cancer risk factors. The results show that individuals who exposed to these gastric cancer risk factors and carry the C2 allele seemed to have a higher risk of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene may have some effect in the development of gastric cancer in Changle county, Fujian Province.

中国股市新股发行(IPOs)的初始收益率研究

本文通过研究1996—1999 年在沪深证券交易所上市的529 家首次公开发行的A 股股票，发现这些股票初始收益率的平均值为129.8%，初始收益率的分布呈正偏的凸峰态，这说明中国股市的IPOs 存在短期定价偏低的现象。本文认为：IPOs 定价偏低的原因是股票发行市场的制度性缺陷和股票二级市场的运行及投资者的投机行为共同作用的结果。

A comparative study on serologic profiles of virus hepatitis B

INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B viral infection, one of the most-prevalent liver disorders in China and Korea, is aserious infectious disease as it has the potential ofprogressing into liver cirrhosis and primary hepaticcarcinoma. China and Korea both belong to high-risk endemic regions of viral hepatitis[1]. TheHBsAg positive rates in China ranged from 6.9% -17.9% by age, race and test methods[2-5].

Population geography in China since the 1980s： Forging the links between population studies and human geography

This paper reviews the progress of population geography in China since the 1980 s. The review results suggest that contrary to the common perception of its invisibility and marginalized status in the field, tremendous progress has been made in population geography in China since the 1980 s. Population geographers have made significant contribution to the understanding of a wide range of population issues from geographical perspectives, including migration, urbanization, population distribution, the relationships between population, environment and resources, aging, marriage patterns, and migrants＇ crimes, although such contribution often did not appear in the geographical circle. Furthermore, population geographers have played an indispensable role in revitalizing population studies in China and forging its links to human geography, occupying an important position in this multi-disciplinary field. Population geographers＇ contribution to the areas of migration and urbanization research has been particularly significant, reflected in their leading roles in these areas＇ research. The paper demonstrates that as latecomers in the field after more than 20 years of isolation, population geographers in China have gone through a process of catching up and increasing engagement with developments in social sciences and increasing interaction with social scientists since the 1980 s, and have benefited greatly from it; however, there is a tendency for population geography to be increasingly alienated from the main stream human geography, a phenomenon similar to but not exactly the same as Anglo-American geography in the late 1990 s and early 2000 s. The paper argues that population geography is only half way in the course to forge the links between population studies and human geography, and it needs to return to geographical sciences to strike a healthy balance between the field of population studies and that of human geography, and promote its further development in a multi-disciplinary field.