Blockchain-Based Secure and Fair IoT Data Trading System with Bilateral Authorization

These days,data is regarded as a valuable asset in the era of the data economy,which demands a trading platform for buying and selling data.However,online data trading poses challenges in terms of security and fairness because the seller and the buyer may not fully trust each other.Therefore,in this paper,a blockchain-based secure and fair data trading system is proposed by taking advantage of the smart contract and matchmaking encryption.The proposed system enables bilateral authorization,where data trading between a seller and a buyer is accomplished only if their policies,required by each other,are satisfied simultaneously.This can be achieved by exploiting the security features of the matchmaking encryption.To guarantee non-repudiation and fairness between trading parties,the proposed system leverages a smart contract to ensure that the parties honestly carry out the data trading protocol.However,the smart contract in the proposed system does not include complex cryptographic operations for the efficiency of onchain processes.Instead,these operations are carried out by off-chain parties and their results are used as input for the on-chain procedure.The system also uses an arbitration protocol to resolve disputes based on the trading proof recorded on the blockchain.The performance of the protocol is evaluated in terms of off-chain computation overhead and on-chain gas consumption.The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed protocols can enable the implementation of a cost-effective data trading system.

Empirical Analysis of Xinjiang's Bilateral Trade: Gravity Model Approach

Based on the basic trade gravity model and Xinjiang's practical situation, new explanatory variables (GDP, GDPpc and SCO) are introduced to build an extended trade gravity model fitting for Xinjiang's bilateral trade. From the empirical analysis of this model, it is proposed that those three variables affect the Xinjiang's bilateral trade posi- tively. Whereas, geographic distance is found to be a significant factor influencing Xinjiang’s bilateral trade negatively. Then, by the extended trade gravity model, this article analyzes the present trade situation between Xinjiang and its main trade partners quantitatively in 2004. The results indicate that Xinjiang cooperates with its most trade partners successfully in terms of present economic scale and developing level. Xinjiang has established successfully trade part- nership with Central Asia, Central Europe and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia and South Asia. However, the foreign trade development with West Asia is much slower. Finally, some suggestions on developing Xinjiang's for- eign trade are put forward.

China Should Stimulate Bilateral Good Trades to Cope with the Challenge between China and Germany

2017 marks the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Germany. Now ＇Germany is the fifth largest tradepartner of China around the world, and the largest one in Europe, while China has topped the United States and France and become the largest trade partner of Germany.

The Diffusion of Bilateral Tendencies in the Common Trade Policy of the European Union During the Global Financial and Economic Crisis

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.

China-Europe Freight Train Promotes Bilateral Trade

On October 8,the'Belt and Road'Leading Group office published the'ChinaEurope Freight Train Development Plan',which is a fiveyear plan in accordance with China’s13th'Five-Year Plan'.The document formulated the major tasks for the construction of China-Europe freight train project for the next five years,and clarified three space layouts,including the China-Europe

Economic Influencing Factors of Trade Volume Between China and RCEP Member States

This paper examines the impact of key economic factors on trade volumes between China and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)member states.Studies have shown that gross domestic products(GDP),exchange rate,and inflation have an impact on China’s import and export trade volume with RCEP member states.China’s export trade volume to RCEP member states is deeply affected by China’s GDP,but the import trade volume depends on China’s domestic demand and market.The impact of exchange rates on import and export trade volumes varies from country to country.China’s export volume to RCEP member states is generally more affected by the consumption level of its residents than the consumption level of Chinese residents.

Next-Level Relations China-Laos Economic and Trade Cooperation Exchange Conference fortifies bilateral economic ties

On September 5,the ChinaLaos Economic and Trade Cooperation Exchange Conference,themed"Highlevel Opening-up and Building a China-Laos Community with a Shared Future,"took place in Vientiane,capital of Laos.The purpose of the conference was to review the achievements of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and work together to develop the roadmap to high-quality development of China-Laos economic and trade cooperation by focusing on shared goals,pooling strength,and adhering to results-oriented collaboration.

加入WTO以来中美经贸关系演变下的大豆贸易研究

中美大豆贸易是中美经贸的重要组成部分。自中国加入WTO以来,中美大豆贸易深受中美经贸关系变动影响。中美经贸关系常态化下,中美大豆贸易依存度较高,中国市场对美国大豆出口的重要性和稳定性不断加强。中美经贸摩擦期间,双边大豆贸易对中美经贸摩擦紧张程度作出即时反应,一定程度上重塑了世界大豆贸易格局,但中美经贸摩擦并没有改变中美大豆贸易紧密关系。中美经贸关系止跌企稳后,新兴大豆生产国短期内仍无法撼动美国对中国进口大豆贸易的重要地位。长期来看,巴西、阿根廷与美国出口大豆将互补式满足中国大豆需求。据此,中国应维护好与美国、新兴大豆生产国的关系,减少地缘政治风险与基建落户对大豆贸易的影响;积极拓展与“一带一路”沿线国和自贸区国家的伙伴关系,鼓励具有国际经验的大中型企业“走出去”;完善大豆产业政策,引导和调动国内农民大豆种植积极性,增强国内大豆生产能力。

中国—东盟数字经济与双边贸易研究

文章选取2010—2021年样本数据,运用熵权法构建数字经济指标体系并测算中国—东盟数字经济发展水平,通过拓展的贸易引力模型检验数字经济对中国与东盟国家双边贸易的影响。数字经济指标测算结果表明,中国—东盟整体数字经济发展指数从2010年的13.62上升至2021年的27.47,数字经济发展迅速。新加坡、中国与马来西亚数字经济发展水平较高且保持稳步增长,其他国家数字经济发展水平相对较低,还有较大的进步空间。实证结果显示,数字经济发展可以显著提高中国—东盟双边贸易额,尤其是对东盟出口贸易的促进作用更大。从细分指数来看,数字基础设施、数字应用、数字创新竞争力与数字治理对中国—东盟双边贸易均产生显著的促进作用,影响程度有大有小,而数字发展对双边贸易没有显著的促进作用。此外,国家间存在的数字经济差异能显著扩大双边贸易规模,且对出口贸易影响作用更大。在细分指标中,仅数字基础设施差异对双边贸易有显著的促进作用。

金融改革对中国与上合组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响研究

基于利用熵权法构造的相对金融改革指数和2002—2022年中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的面板数据,建立扩展的引力模型,实证分析了金融改革对中国与上海合作组织其他成员国双边贸易的影响。基准回归结果显示:金融改革会显著促进中国与上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易和出口贸易,相对金融改革指数每提升1%,中国对上海合作组织其他成员国的进口贸易额提升约0.672%,出口贸易额提升约0.576%。此外,中国相对上海合作组织其他成员国的贸易自由度越高,越有利于双方进出口贸易的发展,上海合作组织各成员国人均GDP的提升会促进中国对其他成员国的进口和出口。

RCEP视域下中国与东盟双边贸易发展潜力探析

对外贸易一直是推动中国经济增长的重要驱动力,尤其是在全球经济一体化的挑战中表现尤为突出。在贸易摩擦频发、多边贸易受阻的背景下,双边贸易的重要性日益凸显。我国与东盟国家的双边贸易潜力巨大,为我国对外贸易开辟了更加广阔的发展空间。在当前国际形势下,挖掘与东盟的双边贸易潜力对我国经济的平稳运行和健康发展具有深远意义。本文结合国际经济与贸易学、计量经济学等多学科理论,通过多角度分析,深入探讨了两国间贸易的发展趋势。文章认为我国对外贸易发展过程中应充分发挥与东盟双边贸易的比较优势,基于双方良好的贸易历史和经济基础,共同商讨、互相协作,以推动中国制造业的转型与升级,进一步促进中国外贸的良性发展,为我国经济的平稳、健康发展注入新的活力。

RCEP关税减让对中日双边贸易的影响--基于动态递归GTAP模型的模拟分析

RCEP的生效为中日双边贸易带来新的机遇和挑战。根据2013—2022年SITC分类下的产品贸易数据,对中日双边贸易发展现状和贸易结构特征进行了深入分析,并运用动态递归GTAP模型模拟分析RCEP关税减让对双边贸易的影响。结果表明:中日双边贸易在样本期间呈波动增长态势,导致贸易逆差波动变化;两国贸易结构主要集中在机械和运输设备以及杂项制品,表明两国在制造业和技术领域存在相互依存关系;贸易结构特征显示,中日双边贸易互补性大于竞争性,且以产业内贸易为主,比较优势主要体现在劳动密集型和资本密集型产品上。GTAP模型分析结果表明,RCEP的生效推动了中日贸易额增长,对两国宏观经济和社会福利产生显著影响;尽管中国在经济效应上的增幅较小,但中国对外贸易潜力更多体现在与其有更大贸易互补性的其他贸易成员国。

云南省与越南的贸易潜力发展研究

本文采用贸易引力模型探寻云南省和越南的贸易潜力问题。文章首先分析了云南省和越南2010—2021年的贸易状况。其次,根据影响云南省对外贸易的影响因素,选取GDP、汇率等11个指标,收集指标2001—2021年的数据,形成一个时间序列,以分析云南省与越南的贸易潜力。结果表明:云南省和越南之间属于贸易潜力巨大型,双方贸易发展存在很大的发展空间,需云南省和越南共同努力发展双边贸易。

数字化服务水平对中国-东盟双边贸易的影响分析

在数字化浪潮席卷全球经济背景下,本文旨在深入探讨东盟国家数字化服务水平对其与中国双边贸易额的影响,以及此影响如何通过不同机制发挥作用。本文通过采集中国与10个东盟国家2012—2022年双边贸易面板数据,实证检验数字化服务水平对中国-东盟双边贸易的影响。结果显示,东盟国家数字化服务水平显著正向影响其与中国之间双边贸易额,东盟国家数字化服务水平每提升一单位,与中国双边贸易额平均可提升约21.17%。

数字贸易规则深度效应——基于商业服务出口与政府服务出口的视角

本文从服务贸易视角探讨RTA数字贸易规则带来的影响,探讨其对商业服务出口与政府服务出口的影响有何区别。基于TAPED数据库与BaTIS数据库,文章选取2011—2019年签订数字贸易协定国家的双边服务贸易额为样本,在测定协定中数字规则条款深度的基础上,实证考察了其对商业服务出口与政府服务出口的影响。结果表明:RTA数字贸易规则深度正向促进了商业服务出口,且结果稳健,对政府服务出口的影响并不显著;负向限制的数字限制壁垒对商业服务出口与政府服务出口均有影响,对政府服务出口的负向影响更大。根据收入与贸易规则模板划分国家面板发现,数字贸易规则深度对高收入与低收入国家间的相互出口影响显著,且对美式模板的影响相较欧式模板与中式模板更为显著,分样本讨论其影响途径在各国推进双边贸易协定签订的过程中具有重要的现实意义。

地缘政治风险、经济政策不确定性与双边贸易——基于中国与主要贸易伙伴的视角

当前全球政治经济格局日趋复杂多变,国际环境动荡,地缘冲突不断,中国对外贸易的高质量发展面临较大不确定性。基于1993—2021年中国与贸易伙伴的双边贸易数据,本文研究中国与贸易伙伴的双边贸易是否受地缘政治风险的影响。研究表明:(1)贸易伙伴地缘政治风险的上升会抑制中国与贸易伙伴的双边贸易;(2)2003年以前双边贸易受地缘风险的阻碍作用显著,之后受到地缘风险的阻碍作用降低;(3)相较于发展中经济体,发达经济体的地缘政治风险对两国双边贸易的抑制作用更加显著;(4)主要贸易伙伴的经济政策不确定性会加剧地缘政治风险对中国和贸易伙伴双边贸易的负面影响。本文的研究发现对中国在百年未有之大变局中推动贸易发展具有一定的政策参考意义。

双边货币互换协议与进出口贸易——基于双重差分法的实证分析

“十四五”规划纲要提出稳慎推进人民币国际化。2022年10月,党的二十大报告提出要“有序推进人民币国际化”,再次对人民币国际化前行路径做出系统性规划。目前我国与多个国家和地区签署过双边货币互换协议,这是实现双边贸易稳定增长和人民币国际化的重要途径。基于2005-2022年52个国家和地区的年度非平衡面板数据,采用双重差分法,实证分析双边货币互换协议签订对双方进出口贸易的作用。研究结果表明:双边货币互换协议对双边贸易具有显著的正向效应;中国视角下货币互换协议表现出进出口贸易的差异性特征,即对中国进口贸易的影响显著大于出口贸易。基于此,提出相关政策建议:一是持续推进双边货币互换协议的完善和发展;二是持续有序推进人民币国际化进程;三是坚持高水平对外开放格局,改善进出口贸易不均衡。

中国同中亚五国农产品双边贸易现状分析及展望

随着“一带一路”倡议的广泛开展,中亚地区已成为联结“一带一路”沿线各国贸易发展的中枢,农产品贸易作为“一带一路”倡议经贸合作中的重要组成部分,对构建中国-中亚命运共同体起着重要的推动作用。本文通过定性分析2003—2022年中国同中亚五国农产品的双边贸易额及占比发现中国同中亚五国间农产品双边贸易额呈现上升趋势但农产品双边贸易种类较为单一;通过分析中国和中亚五国2022年4类农产品双边贸易比较优势指数发现,吉尔吉斯斯坦在第1、2类农产品上具有比较优势,哈萨克斯坦在第3类农产品上具有比较优势,中国则在第4类农产品上具有比较优;通过分析中国同中亚五国2022年农产品双边贸易优势综合互补性指数发现,中国与土库曼斯坦农产品双边贸易呈现互补性而与哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦以及塔吉克斯坦之间的农产品双边贸易呈现竞争性。

十年来“一带一路”建设与中俄经贸合作进展分析

2023年是共建“一带一路”倡议提出十周年。十年来,“一带一路”建设经历了初建、落实和高质量发展三个阶段,取得了一系列令人瞩目的成就,具有巨大的发展潜力。俄罗斯是中国最大的邻国,同时也是“一带一路”共建国家和建设沿线重点国家。将俄罗斯作为研究对象,分析共建“一带一路”背景下中俄经贸合作的进展、特点和面临的问题,对于推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要意义。