Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

The Inheritance and Application of Chinese Reverse Contrast Typeface Style

This paper discusses the inheritance and application of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style.It begins by analyzing the visual features of Western reverse contrast typeface styles,with a focus on Caslon Italian and French Clarendon,providing a Western perspective reference for subsequent Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style designs.The paper then traces the origins of the Chinese reverse contrast style,from the calligraphy style"Lacquer Script"to the earliest printing type"フワンテール形",exploring the historical background and cultural significance of the Chinese reverse contrast style.In the methodology section of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design,the discussion is conducted from two dimensions:inheritance and application.In terms of inheritance,through an in-depth analysis of"Lacquer Script"and"フワンテール形"typeface style,the paper summarizes three basic theories for modern Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design.In the application section,it examines in detail the two most influential recent typeface styles,"Ribaasu"and"Basic Artistic",outlining three directions of application:extreme horizontal stroke variations,exaggerated contrast,and diverse decorative strokes,showcasing new directions and possibilities for Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design.This paper not only reviews the developmental history of the Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style but also analyzes the design methodology of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style through specific case studies.

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.

French Jewelry Company Employs First Chinese Designer

WHEN the first prize winner for a prestigious jewelry design competition was announced, silence reigned in the hall. Those present were surprised by the final result, because the winner was not a European or an American designer, but a Chinese woman named Li Fangfang. It was 1989, and in celebration of its branch company’s 50th anniversary in the United States, Van Cleef and Arpels,

Seismic resilience assessment of corroded reinforced concrete structures designed to the Chinese codes

The natural landscape in China exposes many existing RC buildings to aggressive environments.Such exposure can lead to deterioration in structural performance with regard to resisting events such as earthquakes.Corrosion of embedded reinforcement is one of the most common mechanisms by which such structural degradation occurs.There has been increasing attention in recent years toward seismic resilience in communities and their constituent construction;however,to date,studies have neglected the effect of natural aging.This study aims to examine the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the seismic resilience of RC frames that are designed according to Chinese seismic design codes.A total of twenty RC frames are used to represent design and construction that is typical of coastal China,with consideration given to various seismic fortification levels and elevation arrangements.Seismic fragility relationships are developed for case frames under varying levels of reinforcement corrosion,i.e.,corrosion rates are increased from 5%to 15%.Subsequently,the seismic resilience levels of uncorroded and corroded RC frames are compared using a normalized loss factor.It was found that the loss of resilience of the corroded frames is greater than that of their uncorroded counterparts.At the Rare Earthquake hazard level,the corrosioninduced increase in loss of resilience can be more than 200%,showing the significant effect of reinforcement corrosion on structural resilience under the influence of earthquakes.

Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings

Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.

A Review on the Development of Chinese Graphic Design Education

The development of economy and industrialization further accelerates the pace of development of graphic design education.The educational system actively adopted two ways of“going out”and“inviting in”to communicate with the western world in graphic design(Zhang,2009).Chinese design began to re-examine its balance between globalization and localization after rapid absorption and international experience digestion.As for the negative influence,it led to the risk of developing short-sightedness in design education.Faced with unprecedented challenges,the graphic design industry was continually expanding its functions.The development of Chinese design cannot entirely rely on its own.There was no doubt that graphic design was indeed facing significant obstacles.The suggestions from the American Institute of Graphic Arts(AIGA)are set very high to achieve;the objectives will be excellent if academia can follow.A study aims to understand the overall curriculum and course design and how best to modify the general curriculum and course design to allow for industry practices changes and keep a close eye on the Chinese market's changing needs for design should be carried out.

A New Strategy in Drug Design of Chinese Medicine:Theory,Method and Techniques

The research and development （R＆D） process of Chinese medicine, with one notable feature, clinical application based, is significantly different from which of chemical and biological medicine, from laboratory research to clinics. Besides, compound prescription is another character. Therefore, according to different R＆D theories between Chinese and Western medicine, we put forward a new strategy in drug design of Chinese medicine, which focuses on ＂combination- activity relationship （CAR）＂, taking prescription discovery, component identification and formula optimization as three key points to identify the drugs of high efficacy and low toxicity. The method of drug design of Chinese medicine includes： new prescription discovery based on clinical data and literature information, component identification based on computing and experimental research, as well as formula optimization based on system modeling. This paper puts forward the concept,research framework and techniques of drug design of Chinese medicine, which embodies the R＆D model of Chinese medicine, hoping to support the drug design of Chinese medicine theoretically and technologically.

The text design for continuous speech database of standard Chinese

Well developed continuous speech recognition and synthesis systems demand a high quality continuous speech database which is compact and valid, and whose scientific design would benefit from incorporating linguistic and phonetic knowledge. It is argued that at the present stage the database should be limited to read speech. To describe those very complex variabilities in continuous speech, the following speech units are proposed: (1) 401syllables without tone; (2) 415 inter-syllabic diphones, (3) 3035 inter-syllabic triphones, (4) 781 inter-syllabic final-initial structures. The 17 basic sefltence patterns in standard Chinese are summarized to cover the most important prosodic phenomena. By using the automatic method,2393 sentences and 388 phrases are selected by above phonetic rules from a large corpus, which includes People's Daily in recent years, TV play scripts and dictionary entries, as the reading text of continuous speech recognition database in standard Chinese. This set of sentences and pbrases covers 99.8% syllables without counting tones, 100% inter-syllable diphones, 99.6% inter-syllable triphones and 100% sentence patterns.

Acoustic design of the Gymnasium and Natatorium of Chinese National Olympic Sports Center

The proper control over the reverberation times is of vital importance to acoustic design of large-sized gymnasium. In the projects discussed in this paper gratifying reverberation times have been obtained by employing space absorbers suspended under the exposed space frame and strong absorbing structures mounted on the side walls. Some suggestions concerning acoustic design of large-sized gymnasia and natatoria are made on the basis of the practical experience gained from the projects.

To Be,Or Not To Be:The Calculated Politics of Acupuncture in JAMA

Ten acupuncture-related articles were published in The Journal of the American Medical Association（JAMA） between 1998 and 2017. Five studies showed positive results in terms of the effectiveness of acupuncture/Chinese medicine（CM）; five studies showed negative results. This article summarizes the acupuncturerelated clinical trials published over the last 20 years in JAMA, and addresses what seems to be a fundamental ambivalence in Western medical journals regarding the scientific validity of acupuncture/CM. As yet there has been no consensus on the role of acupuncture in healthcare in Western countries. This is hardly surprising, considering the conflicting evidence found in published studies. Skepticism regarding acupuncture/CM is largely grounded in the fact that an accurate model for assessing the true clinical effects of acupuncture has yet to be created. This article discusses some of the pitfalls which result from applying Western-based scientific principles to CM, and suggests that in many cases, ＂negative＂ studies have been misinterpreted. The clinical experience of acupuncture practitioners is often in direct conflict with many of the negative conclusions published in journals. We are in need of an accurate model for sham and placebo treatments, and must analyze all published studies for design flaws and faulty conclusions.