Chinese Diplomacy in the New Era

AMID the development,adjustment,and transformation sweeping the world of our times the relationship between China and the rest of the world is undergoing profound changes.At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),General Secretary Xi Jiping declared that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,and elaborated

An Exploration of Key Features of Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

China,under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy,is making all-round efforts to pursue major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and has achieved a series of historical achievements.Major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics significantly diverges from conventional Western major-country diplomacy.It is characterized by a vision that prioritizes national rejuvenation,aims to advance human civilizations,emphasizes the establishment of a new type of international relations,and strives for the building of a human community with a shared future.

“Immediate Establishment Is Advisable":Chinese Diplomacy in the Negotiations over the Establishment of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations

From 12 December 1963 to 23 January 1964,the diplomatic representatives of China and France held talks on four occasions in the Swiss capital,Bern.The talks concluded with an agreement on the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.In the Bern talks,the Chinese position was basically that“immediate establishment of Sino-French diplomatic relations is advisable.”For this reason,China made some compromises over matters such as the form and content of the communiquéannouncing the establishment of diplomatic relations and the timing of its publication,but remained firm,at least,over putting out an independent statement declaring China’s principled stand over the government of the People’s Republic of China being the sole legal government representing the Chinese people and Taiwan being an inalienable part of Chinese territory.China took the strategic direction of the advisability of“immediate establishment”of Sino-French diplomatic relations partly because of the necessity of developing Sino-French relations and partly because the top Chinese leadership saw this as a possibility.However,the talks in Bern did not resolve all issues and the question of relations between France and Taiwan were to become a stumbling block for the normalization of Sino-French relations.

Major Power Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics Is Moving forward Steadily

The year of 2016 witnessed the balance of internal and external situations, calm and steady actions and proper planning in major power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Those were reflected in the success of the G20 summit, the vigorous promotion of the"One Belt, One Road"(B&R) Initiative and the active promotion of international cooperation on development, which acquired positive response and general agreement from the international community and made special contributions to building a more just and reasonable international order.Those were also reflected in the active management of major power relations and sound responses to the changing situation in the surrounding area to create good external environment for domestic development. In addition, further expansion and defending of overseas interests set higher standards for Chinese diplomacy. Having been pushed by the era to the forefront, China is performing its responsibility as a major power in a peculiar way and will certainly make greater contributions to world peace and development.

Chinese Diplomacy Since 1949:an Overview

A prominent Chinese international relations scholar has explored and reviewed the history of Chinese diplomacy over the past 60 years,and has amassed some insightful views and incisive conclusions in his book Sixty Years of China’s Foreign Affairs:1949-2009. Published in September by the China Social Sciences Press,this book is the second volume of a series,Chinese Diplomatic Studies. It not only analyzes the evolution of Chinese diplomacy over the past 60 years but also predicts what the future will hold. Recently,Beijing Review reporters Ding Ying and Yu Yan spoke about the book with its editor in chief Dr. Wang Yizhou,who is also deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a professor at the School of International Studies,Peking University.

The Overall Tone and Theme of the Chinese Diplomacy

The Chinese foreign policy with principled,theoretical and innovative presentation by the documents of the CPC Eighteenth National Congress reflects the continuity and innovation of China’s diplomacy,on the one hand,is a farsighted summary of China’s diplomacy in the past 10 years,and is also the response to challenges posed by profound changes in the world situation on the other.

2016:A Fruitful Year for Chinese Diplomacy

The international situation in 2016 saw an array of major,complicated and profound transformations.Complex geopolitical factors combined with conflict,turmoil and both regional hot-spot and global challenges,notably the refugee crisis and terrorism.The global ideological ethos also entered a proactive phase

How Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Guides Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

Introduced to a greatly changing world,Xi Jinping thought on diplomacy is a strategic planning and top-level design for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and has a leading role in Chinese diplomacy.Building a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future is at the heart of Chinese foreign policy.Under Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought,China has shifted focus from a peaceful rise and harmonious world to seeking the core values of globalization.Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought guides major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in philosophy,principles and practice.

Creative Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

Since the Party’s 18th National Congress,"major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics"has come to the fore.With China’s influence in regional and global affairs apparent to all,the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core grasped international context changes and responded to globalization by introducing this forward-looking diplomatic concept.Though China’s internal politics

MAJOR POWER DIPLOMACY WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT

As a long-range diplomatic strategy formulated by the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core since CPC’s 18th National Congress,major power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics is aimed at serving the overall objectives of peace and development,which run through the entire process of the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation.Chinese President Xi Jinping made an important speech at the CPC

CARRY FORWARD THEORETIC BUILDING OF PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE DIPLOMACY WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS

The checkered history of China’s diplomacy since 1949 shows that people-to-people diplomacy has played a unique role–supplementing government-to-government diplomacy and even going before it sometimes.Since the beginning of the reform and opening up,people-to-people diplomacy has prospered in China,emerging as an essential part of the country’s diplomacy as a whole.China is now entering

Observations on the Theoretical System of People-to-People Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

With salient hallmarks of the time,people-topeople diplomacy with Chinese characteristics was proposed against the backdrop of China’s integration with the world as well as the strategic transformation of China’s people-to-people diplomacy.The establishment of a theoretical system for it conforms to the new situation and new requirements of the times,and is line

Artwork Diplomacy A Chinese art lover and museum curator promotes cultural exchanges between China and Africa

Within the walls of the Interna tional Museum of African Art （IMAA）. thousands of artworks from many African tribes are preserved and exhibited, including wood, stone and bronze carvings, pottery, clothing,jewelry and paintings, among others.

China’s Partnership Diplomacy in the Middle East

Since the end of the Cold War,China has gradually formulated a global and multi-dimensional partnership network.China’s partnership diplomacy in the Middle East is a crucial component of said network,including partners in the Persian Gulf,the Eastern Mediterranean Sea,the Red Sea and the Maghreb region.Based on their level of importance to China,these countries can be roughly divided into four categories,namely"pivot states,""node states,""key states"and"stronghold states,"which constitute the portfolio of China’s partnership diplomacy in the region.In prospect,China’s partnership diplomacy will be evolving from bilateral cooperation to multilateral consultation,from partnership with sovereign states to that with international organizations,and from state-based partnership to issue-oriented partnership.

China's Economic Diplomacy:Concept,Organization,Implementation Mechanisms and the BRI

Based on the existing research regarding China’s economic diplomacy,this study creates a theoretical structure for economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics that encompasses soft power,the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).By introducing soft power,this paper argues that the goal of economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era is to achieve the conversion of hard power to soft power.Unlike the“carrot and stick”principle often followed by Western powers in their economic diplomacy with political strings attached,the conversion between hard power and soft power in China’s economic diplomacy hinges upon the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,which is the basic principle that guides China’s economic diplomacy overall.We argue that in creating an implementation mechanism for China’s economic diplomacy,policymakers must consider China’s unique national condition as a large economy not yet rich in per capita terms,while drawing upon the experiences of other major nations.

“去风险”但不“脱钩”:中欧经济关系的韧性

In recent months,“de-risking”has become the catchword for economic relations between China and the West.The article begins by exploring the evolution of the discourse,then describing China’s interaction with Europe regarding it.Subsequently,it reviews China–Europe relations through the lens of de-risking.The article argues that“decoupling”connotes the image of severing all economic ties,whereas de-risking implies a partial and gradual movement.De-risking to a large extent is a stabilizing factor for China–Europe relations.A sudden breakdown or extremely turbulent China–Europe relations are currently ruled out.

The Changing Identity of China in Global Governance and International Institutions

As global issues become more prominent and complex, various actors in the international community are strengthening global governance through systems of international cooperation. Different international actors have different identities, responsibilities and roles in international institutions due to their comprehensive strengths. They are roughly divided into three types: followers, supporters and leaders. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, its process of participation in international institutions and global governance has been obviously staged.In recent years, China has actively participated in various major international activities and carried out a series of diplomatic activities at home, which further demonstrates its involvement from a single participant to both a leader and a participant. In the existing traditional, modified and innovative international institutions, China is essentially playing a dual role, namely the roles of participant and supporter, the supporter and reformer, and the supporter and leader.

Historical Exchanges and Future Cooperation Between China and Oman Under the ＂Belt ＆ Road＂ Initiativ

Oman, located at the southeastern comer of the Arabian Peninsula, enjoys a geological advantage in history so that it has been the irreplaceable path to maritime routes since the ancient time. Oman and China have started large-scale communications in maritime civilizations through the vast Indian Ocean in Han Dynasty, and the exchanges reached the peak in Tang Dynasty. These exchanges gradually declined with the rise of Western navigation industry. Since the founding of the modem nation-state system, the People＇s Republic of China （PRC） and Muscat regime in Oman have some conflicts in diplomacy. The relations between two nations, however, began to improve after the mid-1970s, and the formal diplomatic relations was established in 1978. Since then, both countries have enjoyed rapid development in the fields of politics, culture and particularly in economics. China and Oman became important regional economic and trade partners. Whether seen from the perspective of historical contacts or the trend of present economic development, the One Belt and One Road Initiative （OBOR） has providing a golden opportunity for cooperation between China and Oman, at the same time, this initiative has received active response from Oman. In general, China and Oman＇s cooperation is a typical model in the Middle East, and two countries have made many cooperation achievements under OBOR, such as the China-Oman Industrial Park in Duqm. There are also some investment risks either on micro level or macro level, which require more attention from both government and enterprises of China.

The Guiding Thought and Overall Layout of Major-country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in October 2017sends out the mobilization order to the CPC and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups on achieving a decisive victory to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects,and winning the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new era,but also declares to