Objective To provide suggestions for optimizing the sampling management of Chinese herbal pieces and improving the quality Chinese herbal pieces.Methods Logical reasoning method was used to analyze the problems in the...Objective To provide suggestions for optimizing the sampling management of Chinese herbal pieces and improving the quality Chinese herbal pieces.Methods Logical reasoning method was used to analyze the problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces based on the data of drug quality published by the National Medical Products Administration from 2013 to 2021,combined with the current provisions and implementation of drug spot check management in China.Results and Conclusion At present,there are some problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces,such as fewer varieties of Chinese herbal pieces in the national drug spot check,the unreasonable sampling links,the insufficient territorial management in some areas,and error-prone sample extraction.It is suggested that the actual quantity and overall quality of Chinese herbal pieces should be fully considered in the formulation of sampling plan.Besides,the variety coverage of drug spot check of traditional Chinese medicine should be strengthened.In the planning,the sampling links shall be made as a whole,and the credit rating and distribution of drug production,operation and use units within the jurisdiction shall be fully combined.While strengthening the sampling management at the production end in areas with concentrated industries,regional special drug spot check should be carried out or the administrative forces at the provincial,municipal and county levels should be fully mobilized to avoid local protection.In the assigned tasks,the name of Chinese herbal pieces should be accurately expressed to avoid the sampling errors of Chinese herbal pieces with the same original medicinal materials and different processing methods.展开更多
Loess is long-term aeolian dust deposition, characterized by loose structure, concentrated participle distribution and unstable mineral composition, and thus easy to cause extensive collapsibility and have general wat...Loess is long-term aeolian dust deposition, characterized by loose structure, concentrated participle distribution and unstable mineral composition, and thus easy to cause extensive collapsibility and have general water sensitivity. To reveal the difference in water sensitivity between naturally intact(NI) loess and mechanically compacted(MC) loess used for the check dam, the transient water release and imbibition method(TRIM) was used to acquire the suction stress–expanded hydraulic characteristic curves for the NI and MC loess and explore possible approaches for formulating the potential of loess water sensitivity. Based on the Local Field of Safety(LFS) associated with slope stability, we constructed a finite element model of a check dam to depict its failure processes under different rainfall scenarios. The results revealed the strong water sensitivity in NI loess, while the MC loess retained a certain water-sensitive potential. This capacity depends on the ‘water sensitivity coefficient’ obtained from the suction-stress characteristic curve,which better presented the deformation potential of the two loess samples at different water content levels. In the context of LFS, we identified two failure patterns in the dam body that were involved in loess water sensitivity under hydromechanical conditions: rainfall erosion-induced shallow mudflow failure, and preferential-infiltration progressive failure. These patterns may provide new insights into dam-breakage mechanisms and potential chain effects of check dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau from the perspective of soil–water interactions, which is vital for predicting the position and timing of check dam failure, and mitigating risks.展开更多
海量远程数据完整性检测是云计算安全领域的一个研究热点,可证数据持有(Provable Data Possession,PDP)是一种轻量级远程数据完整性概率检测模型。从不同的公钥基础架构的角度,综述了PDP的研究进展。首先,针对公钥架构(Public Key Infra...海量远程数据完整性检测是云计算安全领域的一个研究热点,可证数据持有(Provable Data Possession,PDP)是一种轻量级远程数据完整性概率检测模型。从不同的公钥基础架构的角度,综述了PDP的研究进展。首先,针对公钥架构(Public Key Infrastructure,PKI)、身份基公钥密码和无证书公钥密码体制,分别阐述了PDP的研究背景和主要研究进展。其次,给出了结合新型网络技术的PDP方案,如区块链技术、DNA技术等。最后,展望了未来PDP研究的一些重要方向,包括量子计算和抗量子PDP、新型智慧城市和基于我国商用密码标准的PDP、6G和内生安全PDP等。展开更多
Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion...Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion of operation errors lead to read-back errors. We introduce deep learning method to solve this problem and propose a new semantic checking model based on Long Short-Time Memory network(LSTM) for intelligent read-back error checking. A meanpooling layer is added to the traditional LSTM, so as to utilize the information obtained by all the hidden activation vectors, and also to improve the robustness of the semantic vector extracted by LSTM. A MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) layer, which can maintain the information of different regions in the concatenated vectors obtained by the mean-pooling layer, is applied instead of traditional similarity function in the new model to express the semantic similarity of the read-back pairs quantitatively. The K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) classifier is used to verify whether the read-back pairs are consistent in semantics according to the output of MLP layer. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed model is more effective and more robust than the traditional checking model to verify the semantic consistency of read-backs automatically.展开更多
Vowels in checked syllables are almost short and abrupt in Chinese Mandarin dialects. This paper proposed a parametric statistical modeling for the analysis of these vowels.The parameters were described empirically wi...Vowels in checked syllables are almost short and abrupt in Chinese Mandarin dialects. This paper proposed a parametric statistical modeling for the analysis of these vowels.The parameters were described empirically with the method of probability distribution. The effects of the multiparameter classifications were estimated by the binary and multinomial logistic models, and the method of support vector machine was adopted to carry out the pattern recognition of the classifications. The results show that the parameters of duration, DCT_（1-3）are significant to the external classification, and the parameters of DCT_（0-3） have significant main effects on the internal classification. The automatic testing shows that the hit rate of the external pattern recognition is only 43.6% but the rate is 96.1% of the internal. It indicates that the abrupt feature should be additive rather than distinctive.展开更多
针对汉语初学者在学习汉语时不可避免地会出现拼写错误的问题,提出一个汉语拼写检查模型,用以检测和纠正句子中的拼写错误。模型结合了汉字的视觉特征和语音特征,由一个检查网络和一个纠正网络构成。基于双向长短期记忆网络(bidirection...针对汉语初学者在学习汉语时不可避免地会出现拼写错误的问题,提出一个汉语拼写检查模型,用以检测和纠正句子中的拼写错误。模型结合了汉字的视觉特征和语音特征,由一个检查网络和一个纠正网络构成。基于双向长短期记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory network,BiLSTM)和条件随机场(conditional random field,CRF)构成的检测网络用于检测句子中的错误字;基于BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from transformer)模型的纠正网络用以结合全局上下文信息对检测到的错误字进行纠正。最后,在CLP-2014,SIGHAN-2013和SIGHAN-2015数据集上进行实验,结果表明:相比现有的方法,提出的模型在错字检测和错字纠正上的效果均得到了提升;相比利用视觉特征,汉字的语音特征能更好地提升错字的检测效果。展开更多
大数据时代的到来及LBS(Location Based Service)服务的迅猛发展产生了前所未有的海量精度高、范围广的数据,这为研究人类行为模式及由此产生的城市间交互研究提供了新的途径。该文利用带有位置的签到数据,通过提取个体在城市间的移动...大数据时代的到来及LBS(Location Based Service)服务的迅猛发展产生了前所未有的海量精度高、范围广的数据,这为研究人类行为模式及由此产生的城市间交互研究提供了新的途径。该文利用带有位置的签到数据,通过提取个体在城市间的移动轨迹构建了中国城市间交互网络,并通过复杂网络理论与方法对城市间交互网络的基本特征和区域结构空间格局进行了实证研究。研究表明,中国城市间交互网络呈现小世界特性和区域化结构状态,由于城市规模分布不同造成了城市间交互强度的幂律分布特征,中国城市体系形成了8个国家级城市区域和21个省级地方城市区域的总体格局,区域边界与行政边界呈现了高度的吻合。展开更多
文摘Objective To provide suggestions for optimizing the sampling management of Chinese herbal pieces and improving the quality Chinese herbal pieces.Methods Logical reasoning method was used to analyze the problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces based on the data of drug quality published by the National Medical Products Administration from 2013 to 2021,combined with the current provisions and implementation of drug spot check management in China.Results and Conclusion At present,there are some problems in the drug spot check of Chinese herbal pieces,such as fewer varieties of Chinese herbal pieces in the national drug spot check,the unreasonable sampling links,the insufficient territorial management in some areas,and error-prone sample extraction.It is suggested that the actual quantity and overall quality of Chinese herbal pieces should be fully considered in the formulation of sampling plan.Besides,the variety coverage of drug spot check of traditional Chinese medicine should be strengthened.In the planning,the sampling links shall be made as a whole,and the credit rating and distribution of drug production,operation and use units within the jurisdiction shall be fully combined.While strengthening the sampling management at the production end in areas with concentrated industries,regional special drug spot check should be carried out or the administrative forces at the provincial,municipal and county levels should be fully mobilized to avoid local protection.In the assigned tasks,the name of Chinese herbal pieces should be accurately expressed to avoid the sampling errors of Chinese herbal pieces with the same original medicinal materials and different processing methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41530640 and 41731289)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1504701)。
文摘Loess is long-term aeolian dust deposition, characterized by loose structure, concentrated participle distribution and unstable mineral composition, and thus easy to cause extensive collapsibility and have general water sensitivity. To reveal the difference in water sensitivity between naturally intact(NI) loess and mechanically compacted(MC) loess used for the check dam, the transient water release and imbibition method(TRIM) was used to acquire the suction stress–expanded hydraulic characteristic curves for the NI and MC loess and explore possible approaches for formulating the potential of loess water sensitivity. Based on the Local Field of Safety(LFS) associated with slope stability, we constructed a finite element model of a check dam to depict its failure processes under different rainfall scenarios. The results revealed the strong water sensitivity in NI loess, while the MC loess retained a certain water-sensitive potential. This capacity depends on the ‘water sensitivity coefficient’ obtained from the suction-stress characteristic curve,which better presented the deformation potential of the two loess samples at different water content levels. In the context of LFS, we identified two failure patterns in the dam body that were involved in loess water sensitivity under hydromechanical conditions: rainfall erosion-induced shallow mudflow failure, and preferential-infiltration progressive failure. These patterns may provide new insights into dam-breakage mechanisms and potential chain effects of check dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau from the perspective of soil–water interactions, which is vital for predicting the position and timing of check dam failure, and mitigating risks.
文摘海量远程数据完整性检测是云计算安全领域的一个研究热点,可证数据持有(Provable Data Possession,PDP)是一种轻量级远程数据完整性概率检测模型。从不同的公钥基础架构的角度,综述了PDP的研究进展。首先,针对公钥架构(Public Key Infrastructure,PKI)、身份基公钥密码和无证书公钥密码体制,分别阐述了PDP的研究背景和主要研究进展。其次,给出了结合新型网络技术的PDP方案,如区块链技术、DNA技术等。最后,展望了未来PDP研究的一些重要方向,包括量子计算和抗量子PDP、新型智慧城市和基于我国商用密码标准的PDP、6G和内生安全PDP等。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61502498,U1433120 and 61806208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.3122017001)
文摘Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and NASA technical reports indicate that the misunderstanding in radiotelephony communications is a primary causal factor associated with operation errors, and a sizable proportion of operation errors lead to read-back errors. We introduce deep learning method to solve this problem and propose a new semantic checking model based on Long Short-Time Memory network(LSTM) for intelligent read-back error checking. A meanpooling layer is added to the traditional LSTM, so as to utilize the information obtained by all the hidden activation vectors, and also to improve the robustness of the semantic vector extracted by LSTM. A MultiLayer Perceptron(MLP) layer, which can maintain the information of different regions in the concatenated vectors obtained by the mean-pooling layer, is applied instead of traditional similarity function in the new model to express the semantic similarity of the read-back pairs quantitatively. The K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN) classifier is used to verify whether the read-back pairs are consistent in semantics according to the output of MLP layer. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed model is more effective and more robust than the traditional checking model to verify the semantic consistency of read-backs automatically.
基金supported by the Innovation Project of Phonetics and Grammar of Chinese Dialects from Chinese Academy of Social Sciencesthe Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD)
文摘Vowels in checked syllables are almost short and abrupt in Chinese Mandarin dialects. This paper proposed a parametric statistical modeling for the analysis of these vowels.The parameters were described empirically with the method of probability distribution. The effects of the multiparameter classifications were estimated by the binary and multinomial logistic models, and the method of support vector machine was adopted to carry out the pattern recognition of the classifications. The results show that the parameters of duration, DCT_（1-3）are significant to the external classification, and the parameters of DCT_（0-3） have significant main effects on the internal classification. The automatic testing shows that the hit rate of the external pattern recognition is only 43.6% but the rate is 96.1% of the internal. It indicates that the abrupt feature should be additive rather than distinctive.
文摘针对汉语初学者在学习汉语时不可避免地会出现拼写错误的问题,提出一个汉语拼写检查模型,用以检测和纠正句子中的拼写错误。模型结合了汉字的视觉特征和语音特征,由一个检查网络和一个纠正网络构成。基于双向长短期记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory network,BiLSTM)和条件随机场(conditional random field,CRF)构成的检测网络用于检测句子中的错误字;基于BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from transformer)模型的纠正网络用以结合全局上下文信息对检测到的错误字进行纠正。最后,在CLP-2014,SIGHAN-2013和SIGHAN-2015数据集上进行实验,结果表明:相比现有的方法,提出的模型在错字检测和错字纠正上的效果均得到了提升;相比利用视觉特征,汉字的语音特征能更好地提升错字的检测效果。
文摘大数据时代的到来及LBS(Location Based Service)服务的迅猛发展产生了前所未有的海量精度高、范围广的数据,这为研究人类行为模式及由此产生的城市间交互研究提供了新的途径。该文利用带有位置的签到数据,通过提取个体在城市间的移动轨迹构建了中国城市间交互网络,并通过复杂网络理论与方法对城市间交互网络的基本特征和区域结构空间格局进行了实证研究。研究表明,中国城市间交互网络呈现小世界特性和区域化结构状态,由于城市规模分布不同造成了城市间交互强度的幂律分布特征,中国城市体系形成了8个国家级城市区域和21个省级地方城市区域的总体格局,区域边界与行政边界呈现了高度的吻合。
