Classic mechanisms and experimental models for the anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine

Inflammation is a common disease involved in the pathogenesis,complications,and sequelae of a large number of related diseases,and therefore considerable research has been directed toward developing anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat inflammatory and related diseases since ancient times.According to the re-view of abundant modern scientific researches,it is suggested that TCM exhibit anti-inflammatory effects at different levels,and via multiple pathways with various targets,and recently a series of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory models have been developed for anti-inflammation research in TCM.Currently,the reported classic mechanisms of TCM and experimental models of its anti-inflammatory effects pro-vide reference points and guidance for further research and development of TCM.Importantly,the research clearly confirms that TCM is now and will continue to be an effective form of treatment for many types of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.

Regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in enhancing ascites absorption of experimental hepatofibrotic mice

AIM: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating ascites in liver fibrosis model mice. METHODS: Two Chinese herbal composite prescriptions were used separately to treat the carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. The histo-pathologic changes of the liver sections (HE and VG stainings) were observed. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata was detected by scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and sodium ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: In the model group, lots of fibrous tissue formed in liver and extended into the hepatic lobules to separate them incompletely. In the treated and prevention groups, the histo-pathologic changes of liver was rather milder, only showed much less fibrous tissue proliferation in the hepatic lobules. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased density in the experimental groups (diameter: PA, 3.07 +/- 0.69 microm; PB, 2.82 +/- 0.37 microm; TA, 3.25 +/- 0.82 microm and TB, 2.82 +/- 0.56 microm; density: PA, 7.11 +/- 1.90 stomata.1000 microm(-2); PB, 8.76 +/- 1.45 stomata.1000 microm(-2); TA, 6.55 +/- 1.44 stomata.1000 microm(-2)and TB, 8.76+/-1.79 stomata.1000 microm(-2)), as compared with the model group (diameter: 2.00+/-0.52 microm density: 4.45+/-1.05 stomata.1000 microm(-2)). After treatment, the urinary volume and sodium ion excretion increased in the experimental groups (PA, 231.28+/-41.09 mmol.L(-1); PB, 171.69 +/- 27.48 mmol.L(-1) and TA, 231.44 +/- 34.12 mmol.L(-1)), which were significantly different with those in the model group (129.33 +/- 36.75 mmol.L(-1)). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effects in alleviating liver fibrosis, regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of ascites from peritoneal cavity and causing increase of urinary volume and sodium ion excretion to reduce the water and sodium retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating ascites.

Advances in Experimental Studies on Treatment of Hysteromyoma with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Approached the mechanism in the treatment of hysteromyoma with TCM,from the change in the form of uterus before and after medication,the change of estrogen and progesterone and their recepter,effect of blood rheology,regilation of immurological function,effect of cell apoptosis and regulatory factor.And also made simple prospects in the further research.

Explorations in Experimental Teaching of Traditional Chinese Medicine Instrumental Analysis Based on the Training of Innovative Talents

Training students’innovative thinking is an essential task of talent training in colleges and universities,and how to train students’innovativeness in experimental teaching is the focus of modern education.Experimental lesson of instrumental analysis is an important section for integrating students’theories and practices,in view of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine major and instrumental analysis lesson,this lesson orientates opening up students’innovative thinking,explores the way of improving students’innovative ability in an all-around way through reforming the experimental teaching of instrumental analysis according to the teaching objectives.

Exploration of Experimental Teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on"Five-in-One"Practice Teaching System

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a compulsory comprehensive professional course for Chinese pharmacy major,and it is the necessary knowledge for modern Chinese pharmacy talents.In this paper,the experimental teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the"five-in-one"practice teaching mode of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine was explored to provide reference for the experimental teaching of the course Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

CHINESE CUSTOMS TO IMPOSE EXPERIMENTAL SPECIFIC AND COMPOUND IMPORT DUTIES

By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.

Exploring Xiaojianzhong decoction's potential in gastric cancer treatment:Integrative insights and experimental validation

Gastric cancer(GC)remains a formidable global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality rates,despite the fact that numerous advances have been made to improve conventional therapies.Xiaojianzhong decoction(XJZ),a traditional Chinese medicine,has garnered academic attention as a multicomponent,multitarget approach to managing GC.The present editorial explores the potential of XJZ in the treatment of GC through a comprehensive analysis of network pharmacology and experimental validation.Network pharmacology was used to identify key molecular targets of XJZ,including interleukin 6,prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2,and matrix metalloproteinase 9,and in vitro experiments were used to confirm the efficacy of XJZ in inhibiting cell proliferation,inducing apoptosis,and modulating gene expression associated with GC progression.This editorial highlights XJZ as a promising therapeutic strategy for GC and indicates a need for further clinical exploration and validation of its efficacy.

Bushen Yisui Capsule ameliorates axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

A preliminary clinical study by our group demonstrated Bushen Yisui Capsule （formerly called Er- huang Formula） in combination with conventional therapy is an effective prescription for the treat- ment of multiple sclerosis. However, its effect on axonal injury during early multiple sclerosis re- mains unclear. In this study, a MOG35 55-immunized C57BL/6 mouse model of experimental auto- immune encephalomyelitis was intragastrically administered Bushen Yisui Capsule. The results showed that Bushen Yisui Capsule effectively improved clinical symptoms and neurological function of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression was down-regulated and microtubule-associated protein 2 was up-regulated. Experimental findings indicate that the disease-preventive mechanism of Bushen Yisui Capsule in experimental autoim- mune encephalomyelitis was mediated by amelioration of axonal damage and promotion of regen- eration. But the effects of the high-dose Bushen Yisui Capsule group was not better than that of the medium-dose and low-dose Bushen Yisui Capsule group in preventing neurological dysfunction.

Mechanism and experimental study on the fruit detachment of Chinese wolfberry through reciprocating vibration

In order to realize the efficient and high-quality mechanical picking for Chinese wolfberry,firstly,the forced reciprocating vibration picking principle of the Chinese wolfberry branch was studied,and the mechanical model of vibration picking was established based on the simplified cantilever model,and the response analysis and solution of all positions for the branch were carried out.At the same time,the critical mechanical model of fruit detachment under the condition of fruit hanging on branches was established,and the theoretical values of inertia force for each component of the branch were obtained.Secondly,through actual measurement and finite element modeling,the natural frequency and forced vibration response simulation for each component of the branch of Chinese wolfberry terminal branch model were both studied,and the relationship between single-point periodic excitation force and high-quality fruit shedding parameters was obtained.Thirdly,according to the conclusion of the picking model,a test bench with many groups of adjustable parameters was built.Finally,the last branch of fruit-hanging Chinese wolf berry for Ningqi No.1 was taken as the experimental object,a four-level orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors:frequency,amplitude and entrance angle.Meanwhile,the net picking rate,damage rate and false picking rate were taken as the evaluating indicators,referring to the comprehensive scores of the three factors.It was concluded that the primary and secondary relations of factors affecting the picking effect are frequency,amplitude and entrance angle,and the best operation parameters are frequency of 20 Hz,amplitude of 15 mm,and entrance angle of 45°,then,a hand-held vibration picker with setting parameters was trial-produced,and the optimal parameter combination was verified in the Chinese wolfberry planting base of the National Chinese wolfberry Engineering and Technology Research Center.The results showed that the net picking rate of ripe Chinese wolfberry was 96.13%,the damage rate of fruit was 1.13%,and the false picking rate was 3.23%,mechanized picking efficiency was 30.28 kg/h,which is 6.65 times that of manual picking.The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.The research results can provide an important basis for the creation and operation standards of large-scale Chinese wolfberry vibration harvesting equipment.

Study on prescription medication mode and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of noncritical COVID-19 based on data mining

Background:As of 2023,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is still spreading globally.Therefore,we aim to integrate non-critical COVID-19 high-frequency and high-targeting Chinese medicines to provide a reference for clinical prescriptions to improve COVID-19-related symptoms.Materials and methods:The information on non-critical COVID-19 high-frequency Chinese medicines in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 was obtained by the TCM inheritance support platform.Using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,high-targeting Chinese medicines with good docking activity with COVID-19 receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme-II(ACE2),3CLpro and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO(AXL)were obtained.A new prescription for non-critical COVID-19 was established by integrating high-frequency and high-targeting Chinese medicines.Rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide were used as the experimental model.The histopathological changes in the lungs of rats in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The lung coefficient of rats was measured.The levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1βin serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mRNA and protein levels of ACE2 and AXL in lung tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot.Results:Through data mining,it was found that there were 39 high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines for non-critical COVID-19 in the diagnosis and treatment guidelines.According to network pharmacology and molecular docking,30 highly targeted traditional Chinese drugs for COVID-19 were found.The new prescriptions for non-critical COVID-19 were comprehensively obtained,including Glycyrrhizae Radix,Ephedra Herba,Amygdalus Communis Vas,Gypsum Fibrosum,Descurainiae Semen,Atractylodes Lancea,Scutellariae Radix,Amomum Tsao-Ko Crevostet,Forsythiae Fructus,Pogostemon cablin,Magnolia Officinalis.Compared with the LPS-induced lung injury model group,the medium dose of the new prescription group had significantly alleviated pathological changes in lung tissue,decreased lung coefficient,decreased contents of IL-6,TNF-αand IL-1β,and increased mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 and AXL(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on data mining,network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the new prescription for non-critical COVID-19 established by this method has an anti-inflammatory effect on rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and can provide a reference for clinicians to alleviate the symptoms related to non-critical COVID-19.

Mineral Medicine: Chinese Medical Stone

A simple experiment of rat gastric ulcer was carried out to study the medical effect of Chinese Medical Stone which is a kind of Mineral Medicine of mines in China on gastric ulcer in rats.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Chinese Medical Stone on the prevention and treatment of experimental gastrointestinal disease,especially gastric ulcer.

Announcing the launch of a new journal: Animal Models andExperimental Medicine

In the Chinese Year of the Dog,we are pleased to present to you the first issue of the new journal we have organized:Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM).Why do we need a new journal in this area?Laboratory animal sciences is an emerging interdisciplinary subject,which integrates theories and methods from many disciplines,including biology,medicine,pharmacy,veterinary,bioengineering,biomedical engineering,etc.In recent years,many outstanding papers based on laboratory animals have been published around the world,highlighting how laboratory animal sciences has,among other things,provided systematic biological materials and pertinent technologies for the development of related disciplines;integration into many frontier disciplines;development of new disciplines such as comparative medicine,experimental animal medicine,and comparative biology;and supported development in fields such as life sciences,medicine,food,environment and aerospace.However,there are very few specialized journals in this field,and their impact is very limited.Therefore,it is urgent to establish a professional English-language journal to meet the need of all researchers in this important field.

Study on Antibacterial Effect of Single Chinese Herbs on Staphylococcus aureus

[Objectives] This study was conducted to determine in-vitro antibacterial effect of 58 Chinese herbs on Staphylococcus aureus,and screen single Chinese herbs with better in-vitro antibacterial effect for formulation of prescription. [Methods]Effective components in Chinese herbs were extracted with water,and inhibition zone diameters and minimal inhibitory concentrations of the 58 Chinese herbs against S. aureus were determined by agar plate punching method and micro two-fold method,respectively. [Results] Twenty two kinds of Chinese herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz.,Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.,Prunella vulgaris L,Rheum palmatum L. and Mosla chinensis Maxim. had better antibacterial effect,among which T. chebula Retz.,A. asphodeloides Bunge.,P. vulgaris L,R. palmatum L. and C. sappan Linn showed the best antibacterial effect,with average inhibition zone over 20 mm and MIC lower than 15. 6 mg/ml.[Conclusions]Traditional Chinese herbs have certain antibacterial effect,and this study will provide important theoretical reference for clinical medication and development of prescription.

Analysis on the therapeutic effects of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on ulcerative colitis and its effects on coagulation function and inflammatory factors

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effects of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its effects on coagulation function and inflammatory factors.Methods: 220 cases of patients with UC were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, 110 cases were included into each group. The patients in the control group were treated with single western medicine, while the patients in the observation group were treated with enema treatment of traditional Chinese Medicine. The clinical therapeutic effects of the two groups were evaluated and compared. The blood coagulation indexes of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), the plasma fibrinogen (Fib), the D dimer (D-D) of two groups patients who in the treatment were detected and compared. The serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels of the patients in the two groups were measured and compared.Results: The clinical efficiencies of the observation group and the control group were 97% and 75%, the clinical efficiencies and the therapeutic effects of the observation group were better than those in the control group, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups. The plasma Fib levels and the plasma D-D levels after the treatment of the patients in the two groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant. The plasma Fib levels and the plasma D-D levels after the treatment of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant. The serum inflammatory factors levels after the treatment of the patients in the two groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant. The serum inflammatory factors levels after the treatment of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference is powerful and have statistically significant.Conclusion: The application of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in the treatment of UC can improve the therapeutic effect significantly, correct imbalance of the patients' coagulation dissolution function, reduce the degree of inflammatory reaction, which benefits to promote of the patients' rehabilitation, reduce the incidence of complications and improve the prognosis of patients.

The virtual-real measurement of Chinese garden impression:A quantitative analysis of cognitive experience of Jiangnan gardens with virtual reality experiments

Traditional Jiangnan garden architecture in China offers distinct spatial impressions that hold significance in contemporary architectural expression.Yet,the understanding and analysis of these spaces have historically relied on subjective,sensory experiences,often lacking precise,quantitative research.Consequently,establishing clear logical connections between visual cognition and emotional perception within these spatial experiences has been a challenge.This study introduces virtual reality spatial simulation and quantification techniques,summarizing key Jiangnan garden spatial characteristics and prototypes.It includes a series of virtual reality experiments focusing on cognitive experiences within Jiangnan garden spaces.A comprehensive analysis of isovisit quantitative data,questionnaires,and behavioral information explores the logical relationships between emotional perceptions(calmness,surprise,interest,confusion)and visual cognition qualities(openness,complexity,theatricality)in garden space impressions.This research aims to reveal deeper connections between garden space qualities,visual cognition,and emotional experiences,offering valuable insights for the application of historical traditional spatial features in contemporary architecture.It bridges the gap between sensory experiences and rational analysis,enhancing our understanding of the intricate spatial narratives within Jiangnan gardens.

Design and experiment of the pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device for Chinese flowering cabbage

Single seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage planting machines have suffered such deficiencies as low efficiency,poor accuracy,and instability.To overcome these limitations,a pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device was designed.This innovative device can simultaneously plant four rows,considering the specific agricultural requirements and the geometric characteristics for Chinese flowering cabbage seeds.The precise parameters of the key component seed disc were derived through theoretical calculation.In addition,a detailed account was given for the working principle and workflow of the seed metering device.The discrete element method and EDEM software were employed to optimize the seed disc by exploring the effects of seed disc rotational speed and interleaving seed slots on seed viability.Orthogonal rotation experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of seed disc rotational speed and negative pressure.While rates of qualified seeding,double seeding and missing seeding were adopted as test indicators.Testing results show that,at a seed disc rotational speed of 41.5 r/min and a negative pressure of 3.80 kPa,the average qualified seeding rate is 90.13%,the average missing seeding rate is 3.30%,and the average double seeding rate is 6.02%.These values satisfy the agricultural requirements for planting Chinese flowering cabbage.The findings can also provide valuable insights for the structural optimization and design of precision seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage.

Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models

Allergic asthma is thought to arise from an imbalance of immune regulation, which is characterized by the production of large quantities of Ig E antibodies by B cells and a decrease of the interferon-γ/interleukin-4(Th1/Th2) ratio. Certain immunomodulatory components and Chinese herbal formulae have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are few studies performing evidence-based Chinese medicine(CM) research on the mechanisms and efficacy of these drugs in allergic asthma. This review aims to explore the roles of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived compounds in experimental research models of allergic asthma. We screened published modern CM research results on the experimental effects of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived bioactive compounds for allergic asthma and their possible underlying mechanisms in English language articles from the Pub Med and the Google Scholar databases with the keywords allergic asthma, experimental model and Chinese herbal medicine. We found 22 Chinese herb species and 31 herb-derived anti-asthmatic compounds as well as 12 Chinese herbal formulae which showed a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, inflammatory cell infiltration and a regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Chinese herbal formulae and herbderived bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma activities in different experimental models and their various mechanisms of action are being investigated in modern CM research with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics technologies, which will lead to a new era in the development of new drug discovery for allergic asthma in CM.

Progress of Experimental Study on Treatment of Psoriasis by Chinese Medicinal Monomer and Single or Compound Recipe in Chinese Materia Medica

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disorder whose etiology is still unknown. It is believed that a multiple-gene inheritance is involved and it also involves various factors such as immunity, inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, neural media, etc. Since cytokines are key mediators in inflammation, a number of Chinese medicines （CMs） have been reported to have certain antagonist effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, platelet active factor （PAF） and interleukin-8 （IL-8）. Some researches on CMs have made significant breakthroughs in psoriasis by intervening with cytokines. Abnormalities with keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis are considered to be present in patients with psoriasis and a number of studies show that the mechanism of CMs on psoriasis may be through the inhibition of the keratinocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Other studies also show that the inhibition of fibroblast-secreted cytokines could regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and reduce the level of Calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） in plasma and in lesions so as to slow down the process of inflammation and proliferation in psoriasis. The most commonly used models for psoriasis are the scaled tails or the vaginal epithelium of mice in China. They were used to observe the histopathological changes after the model mice were treated with CMs with the inhibition on the mitosis of vaginal epithelium or promotion of granular layer in rat tail taken as the indices of clinical efficacy. A variety of signs occur in psoriasis patients with TCM blood-stasis syndrome type and the effect of CMs in activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis on psoriasis suggested that the mechanism of CMs may be partially correlated to hemorrheology and microcirculation. Along with the continuous development of the biosciences, some TCM theories for psoriasis have been confirmed by laboratory studies. However, the exploration into traditional Chinese medicines＇ biomechanics in psoriasis and the therapeutic mechanism of CMs by integrative medicine still requires further studies.

Recent Highlights of Experimental Research for Inhibiting Tumor Growth by Using Chinese Medicine

ABSTRACT To give an overview of contemporary experimental research using Chinese medicine （CM） for the treatment of cancer. As an integral part of mainstream medicine in the People＇s Republic of China, CM emphasizes improvements in holistic physical condition instead of merely killing tumor cells, which is consistent with the current medical model that advocates patient-oriented treatment. Great progress has been made in experimental research, and the principle aspects include anti-tumor angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis and differentiation, reversing multi- drug resistance, and improving immune function. As a current hot topic in cancer research, tumor micreenvironment （TME） highlights the mutual and interdependent interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tissues, and the CM treatment concept bears a striking resemblance to it. To date, primary points of TME include extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, but trials using CM with a focus on TME are rare. Despite considerable recent development, experimental research on CM for solving cancer issues appears insufficient. Greater efforts in this field are urgently needed.

Chinese herbal medicines for prostate cancer therapy: From experimental research to clinical practice

Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue,and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in Pub Med, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance,and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR,EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.