Effect of Foliar Application of Amino Acid on the Quality and Enzyme Activity of Flowering Chinese Cabbage(Brassica parachinensis Bailey)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of foliar application of glycine,alanine,lysine,and glutamic acid in 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg upon the quality and enzyme activity of flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica parachinensis Bailey）.The results showed that all the application of these four amino acids could increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage,significantly raise the content of soluble sugar,and reduce the accumulation of nitrate.The applications of three other amino acids except alanine can increase the content of soluble proteins and decrease the accumulation of oxalic acid.However,the application of amino acid has insignificant influences on the SPAD number of chlorophyll,and causes the decrease of Vitamin C content.Meanwhile,the application of amino acid can improve the activity of nitrate reductase（NR） and glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH） as well.It shows that the application of amino acid is beneficial to improve ammonia metabolism,reduce the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid,increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble proteins,and improve the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage.

Flowering Habits and Seed Setting Traits under Artificial Pollination in Chinese Water Chestnut(Eleocharis dulcis)

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the crossbreeding method for Chinese water chestnut. [Method] The growth of Chinese water chestnut stalk and inflorescence was observed. Chinese water chestnut flowering law and stamen and pistil growth were investigated in an artificial pollination experiment. [Result] Stamens and pistils reached their full bloom stages when the flower stalk lengths were approximate 37.0 and 46.9 cm, respectively, with a height difference of 9.84 cm and time difference of 28.5 h; and 9：00-11：00 a.m. was the optimal period for artificial pollination. Seven hours after artificial pollination, pistils wilted rapidly. The seed setting rates under artificial pollination and a natural condition was 43% and 15.5%, respectively. [Conclusion} The time difference between the full bloom stages of stamens and pistils is crucial to the success of artificial pollination of Chinese water chestnut. The seed setting rate under artificial pollination is much higher than that under a natural condition.

Effects of SPNE on Yield and Biochemical Quality of Hybrid Flowering Chinese Cabbage

Objective] The effects of SPNE on the yield and biochemical quality of flowering Chinese cabbage were investigated in this study. [Method] The special plant nutritional element （SPNE） was sprayed on the flowering Chinese cabbage plants after the beginning of harvesting. The effects of SPNE on the yield traits and biochemical quality traits of flowering Chinese cabbage were investigated in the un-conventional using period. [Results] The results showed the flowering stalk of flow-ering Chinese cabbage developed earlier and grew fasterly for the SPNE treatment;the diameter, length and weight of flowering stalk of SPNE-treated flowering Chi-nese cabbage were al higher than that of control. The SPNE treatment could not only increase yield, but also bring better biochemical quality. The protein, vitamin C and calcium contents, especial y the chlorophyl and sugar contents in the SPNE-treated flowering Chinese cabbage were al higher than that of control, making the SPNE-treated flowering Chinese cabbage taste better. [Conclusion] lt was indicated although sprayed after the beginning of harvesting, the SPNE had a certain effect on the flowering Chinese cabbage.

Experimental Study on No-tillage Cultivation of Flowering Chinese Cabbage in Rice Winter Fallow Fields

The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbage on survival rate, insect damages, production cost, yield and benefits of plants. The results indicated that no-tillage cultivation reduced the injured rate of Flowering Chinese cabbage by cutworms, and production cost, but crop yield and output value declined as well. Specifically, yield in the treatment as per no-tillage cultivation lowered by 10.3% and 11.9% compared with the treatments by machine-based ploughing and manual ploughing, and the production interests declined by 11.9% and 11.1%, accordingly.

Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage(B.campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.parachinensis L.H.Bailey)-Chinese Kale(B.oleracea L.var.alboglabra L.H.Bailey)

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents

Fast tracking alien gene discovery by molecular markers in a late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4'

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait of Chinese cabbage with late flowering being a primary breeding objective.In our previous work,we obtained Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines that contained several beneficial cabbage genes.Cabbage-specific molecular markers show that these genes were coming from chromosome C01 of cabbage.In this study,we investigated the inheritance of flowering time in a couple of translocation lines and analyzed the transmission rate of molecular markers in the offspring.Consequently,we obtained the late flowering Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation line‘AT7–4’in which the flowering time was later than that of‘85–1’by about 7 days under 4-week vernalization.Based on previous studies of the genomes of Chinese cabbage and cabbage,we located the cabbage-specific molecular markers that were closely linked at the top of the chromosome A01 in the F2mapping population generated by self-crossing F1s derived from a cross between the translocation line‘AT7–4’and Chinese cabbage‘14–36’.Five flowering-related genes in the alien fragment were found by functional annotation and their molecular markers were developed.This study lays the foundation for the future improvement of Chinese cabbage varieties using A-C translocation lines.

Inheritance and Practice of Chinese Traditional Flower Arrangement——A Case Study of Huizhou Engineering Vocational College

Taking Huizhou Engineering Vocational College as an example,the inheritance and practice of Chinese traditional flower arrangement was expounded from three aspects of base and achievements,prospects,appreciation and analysis of teacher's works.

Development of Chinese Traditional Philosophy and Ancient Flower Arrangement Art

Traditional philosophical thoughts have different connotations in different historical periods in China. Affected by it, the flower arrangement art has produced different artistic styles: religious flower of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, courtyard flower in the Sui and Tang dynasties, concept flower and mental imagery flower in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and new concept flower, literati flower, pictographic flower and scenery description flower in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Chinese Flowers and Meanings

Chinese flowers represent the natural nectar that brings growth, fulfillment and new, prosperous beginnings into our lives. In Feng Shui, many flowers are utilized for good fortune and success. tThe reason being that in general, healthy flowering plants manifest energy. rTherefore, flowers as symbols are representative of that same flourishingflow of strong energy.Additionally, flowersconvey beauty, grace, and perfection. They are also excellent symbols of love, adoration, and unity.Just as the flower blooms,so does our intellect and spirit when we focus our attention on the endless beauty and potential that we posses.

Xinji Wall Hanging,a Flower of Chinese Folk Art

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Studies on the Dynamics of Endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the Shoot Apex of Chinese Pine in Relation to Male Cone Bud Initiation

The endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the shoot apices of 8-year-old Chinese pines, flowered, non-flowered and non-flowered but treated with GA4/7 were analyzed by GC-MS-SIM.The results demonstrated that GA3 and GA9 levels were obviously higher in flowered plants than in non-flowered. A peak value of GA3 in flowered plants occurred after appearance of the earliest auxiliary bud primorda which had the possibility of transforming into male cone bud primordia and before the morphological initiation of male cone bud primordia. Exogenously applied GA4/7 could enhance the endogenous GA3 and GA9, this may benefit the promotion of male cone buds in Chinese pine. The relations among ex-ogenously applied GA4/7 endogenous GAs, ABA and IAA in the shoot apices, and the initiation of male cone bud are discussed.

Design and experiment of the pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device for Chinese flowering cabbage

Single seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage planting machines have suffered such deficiencies as low efficiency,poor accuracy,and instability.To overcome these limitations,a pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device was designed.This innovative device can simultaneously plant four rows,considering the specific agricultural requirements and the geometric characteristics for Chinese flowering cabbage seeds.The precise parameters of the key component seed disc were derived through theoretical calculation.In addition,a detailed account was given for the working principle and workflow of the seed metering device.The discrete element method and EDEM software were employed to optimize the seed disc by exploring the effects of seed disc rotational speed and interleaving seed slots on seed viability.Orthogonal rotation experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of seed disc rotational speed and negative pressure.While rates of qualified seeding,double seeding and missing seeding were adopted as test indicators.Testing results show that,at a seed disc rotational speed of 41.5 r/min and a negative pressure of 3.80 kPa,the average qualified seeding rate is 90.13%,the average missing seeding rate is 3.30%,and the average double seeding rate is 6.02%.These values satisfy the agricultural requirements for planting Chinese flowering cabbage.The findings can also provide valuable insights for the structural optimization and design of precision seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage.

Molecular Characterization of a Leaf Senescence-Related Transcription Factor BrWRKY75 of Chinese Flowering Cabbage

WRKY is a plant-specific transcription factor(TF) involved in the regulation of many biological processes; however, its role in leaf senescence of leafy vegetables remains unknown. In the present work, a WRKY TF, termed Br WRKY75 was isolated from Chinese flowering cabbage [Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis(L.) Mokino var. utilis Tsen et Lee]. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequence and the phylogenetic tree showed that Br WRKY75 has high homology with WRKY75 from Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana, and belongs to the II c sub-group. Sub-cellular localization and transcriptional activity analysis revealed that Br WRKY75 is a nuclear protein with transcriptional repression activity, and was up-regulated during leaf senescence. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that Br WRKY75 directly bound to the W-box(TTGAC) cis-element. Collectively,these results provide a basis for further investigation of the transcriptional regulation of Chinese flowering cabbage leaf senescence.

Potential roles of longan flower and seed extracts for anticancer

Polyphenol-rich plants are known to possess benefits to human health. Recent studies have revealed that many Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs) are rich sources of polyphenols and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and these TCMs have been shown experimentally to overcome some chronic diseases, including cancer. Longan flowers and seeds, two TCMs traditionally used for relieving pain and urinary diseases, have been revealed in our recent reports and other studies to possess rich amounts of polyphenolic species and exhibit strong anti-oxidant activity, and these could be applied for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Herein, we review the recent findings regarding the benefits of these two TCMs in the treatment of humancancer and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of both substances.

Identification of Semen Celosiae and Cockscomb Flower Using Continuous Wavelet Transform with FTIR

Infrared spectra of semen celosiae and cockscomb flower can be obtained directly,quickly and accurately employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with OMN1 sampler.Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is employed to zoom in local region of infrared spectra of semen celosiae and cockscomb flower.Thus difference of infrared spectra between semen celosiae and cockscomb flower is greatly extruded.Identification rate is greatly improved. Daubechies wavelet is used as mother wavelet.CWT is implemented to the infrared spectra of semen celosiae and cockscomb flower.The difference between semen celosiae and cockscomb flower is observed at all scales in the continuous wavelet domain.An optimal scale is selected to identify semen celosiae and cockscomb flower.Experimental results show that it is effective to apply CWT on the basis of FTIR to identify traditional Chinese medicinal materials,which are the same general but different species.

Study on the Export Competitiveness of China's Flower Seedlings

This paper introduces the " National Diamond Model" and reviews the literature concerning the export of flower seedlings.Then it analyzes the production and export of Chinese flower seedlings,as well as the factors( factor endowments,foreign demand,related industries and industrial organization) influencing the production of Chinese flower seedlings based on Diamond Model.Finally,this paper puts forth the recommendations for the enhancement of the export competitiveness of Chinese flower seedlings.

Fish Swimming amid Falling Flowers中的中国绘画元素

中国传统文化传播深刻影响了欧美诗人的诗歌创作,如霍华德·奈莫洛夫受中国传统绘画《落花游鱼图》的影响创作了美国现代诗歌Fish Swimming amid Falling Flowers。霍华德·奈莫洛夫受中国传统绘画的影响主要体现在诗歌创作中对物象移用、意境营造、重返自然、诗意栖居、万物相融、和谐共存的哲思。

不同菜心品种对软腐病的抗性鉴定

【目的】近年来,随着菜心栽培面积扩大和重茬现象的出现,菜心病害逐年加重,其中软腐病是危害菜心的主要病害之一,严重影响其产量和品质。通过接种软腐病病菌对菜心品种进行抗病性评价,以期筛选出抗病品种。【方法】采集具有典型软腐症状的菜心病样,通过组织分离、形态学和分子生物学方法进行鉴定,获得软腐病病菌。以52份不同菜心品种为试验材料,采用苗期喷雾接种法进行接种:用刀片在菜心茎部轻划2个约5mm刀口,使用小型手持喷雾器将1×108CFU/mL菌液喷到伤口表面,接种完成后3 d,测定病情指数和软腐病分级,评价52份菜心品种的软腐病抗性水平。【结果】经组织分离得到分离物,经柯赫氏法则验证菌落形态特征、16S rDNA序列分析表明,菌株为菜心软腐病致病菌,在NA培养基上形成的菌落呈圆形、半透明、乳白色、中心突起、边缘平滑,能使菜心的组织腐烂,接种于菜心苗后叶片呈湿腐萎蔫症状。52份材料中,大多数菜心品种对软腐病的抗性存在显著差异,其中,高感材料35份、感病材料16份,整体而言,高感或感病材料占98.1%;中抗材料1份(丰裕4号菜心);无高抗或免疫品种。上述结果表明,52份菜心品种中抗软腐病的材料较少,这可能是广东省菜心软腐病发病较严重的原因之一。【结论】52份菜心品种中,软腐病高感或感病材料占98.1%;中抗材料1份;无高抗或免疫品种,可为选育和推广抗软腐病的菜心品种提供科学依据。

不同浓度硒肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

【目的】探明不同浓度硒肥对菜心生长和营养品质的影响,筛选外源硒肥喷施菜心的最佳条件,为富硒菜心生产提供理论依据。【方法】以油青尖叶甜菜心为研究对象,采用温室大棚盆栽试验,设置5个硒肥浓度水平(单次施肥量):CK(0μg/盆)、T1(3.375μg/盆)、T2(6.75μg/盆)、T3(10.125μg/盆)、T4(13.5μg/盆),研究菜心不同生长时期土壤根施(追施硒肥时间为每次取样后第3天下午进行,共追施3次)硒肥对菜心生长及品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,不同浓度硒肥处理可促进菜心生长,菜心增粗增高,叶面积和地上部鲜重随硒肥浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,硒肥浓度为10.125μg/盆时播后43 d菜心的茎粗、株高、叶面积和地上部鲜重均达最大。适宜浓度硒肥能提升菜心品质,硒肥浓度在13.5μg/盆时菜心叶片的叶绿素和维生素C含量最高,硒肥浓度在6.75μg/盆时菜心叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量最高。随硒肥浓度增加菜心叶片的硝酸盐含量逐渐下降。【结论】增施硒肥对菜心生长发育有一定促进作用,硒肥浓度在6.75~10.125μg/盆时,能有效促进菜心的生长发育,提高菜心的产量和品质。