A Governance Framework of Chinese Heritage Resources Based on Social Network

Based on the literature review of Chinese heritage resources management,a governance framework was put forward from the perspective of social network in order to deal with the conflict between heritage tourism development and heritage resources protection.First,all stakeholders including administrate departments,related enterprises,local communities and tourists should become subjects of heritage resources governance.Second,governance structure was defined which would describe the roles that all stakeholders played in the governance of heritage resources.Third,several governance mechanism including motivation and restraint mechanism,interaction and coordination mechanism,sharing and integration mechanism should be established.The network governance would balance benefi ts of all the stakeholders,avoid the phenomena such as free ride and external diseconomy and ensure the sustainable development of heritage sites.

华裔与非华裔汉语学习者在电脑辅助交流中的语码转换的不同

In the fields of bilingualism and second language(L2)acquisition,growing attention has been paid to code-switching in Chinese heritage learners,as they show how early linguistic and cultural influence affects language use.Most existing studies focused on balanced bilinguals,but little has been done to understand the differences in code-switching between Chinese heritage and non-heritage learners.Moreover,no studies have focused on L2 codeswitching in computer-mediated communication,which has become a daily routine of many L2 learners after the COVID pandemic.To fill these gaps,the present study compared differences in code-switching instances between five Chinese heritage and five non-heritage learners in a semi-structured interview in English conducted via Zoom.Results showed that the heritage learners have more instances of code-switching from English to Chinese and knowledge of Chinese cultural terms but fewer linguistic errors than the non-heritage learners.Results also revealed that all the learners shared similar code-switching reasons,but the heritage and non-heritage learners differed in their self-reported code-switching situations.

Computing for Chinese Cultural Heritage

Implementing computational methods for preservation,inheritance,and promotion of Cultural Heritage(CH)has become a research trend across the world since the 1990s.In China,generations of scholars have dedicated themselves to studying the country’s rich CH resources;there are great potential and opportunities in the field of computational research on specific cultural artefacts or artforms.Based on previous works,this paper proposes a systematic framework for Chinese Cultural Heritage Computing that consists of three conceptual levels which are Chinese CH protection and development strategy,computing process,and computable cultural ecosystem.The computing process includes three modules:(1)data acquisition and processing,(2)digital modeling and database construction,and(3)data application and promotion.The modules demonstrate the computing approaches corresponding to different phases of Chinese CH protection and development,from digital preservation and inheritance to presentation and promotion.The computing results can become the basis for the generation of cultural genes and eventually the formation of computable cultural ecosystem Case studies on the Mogao caves in Dunhuang and the art of Guqin,recognized as world’s important tangible and intangible cultural heritage,are carried out to elaborate the computing process and methods within the framework.With continuous advances in data collection,processing,and display technologies,the framework can provide constructive reference for building up future research roadmaps in Chinese CH computing and related fields,for sustainable protection and development of Chinese CH in the digital age.

A 30-year controversy over the Shanghai East China Electric Power Building:the creation and conservation of late 20th century Chinese architectural heritage

The Shanghai East China Electric Power Building,which was completed in 1988,is widely accepted as one of the first postmodern high-rise buildings in Shanghai.Based on articles published in mass media and professional magazines,interviews with relevant stakeholders and social media debates,this paper focuses on two controversies regarding the building’s peculiar architectural form.The first occurred between 1988 and 1992,when the building’s postmodern appearance aroused heated debates among architectural professionals.The second happened between 2015 and 2018,when the building’s postmodern appearance was planned to be replaced with a slated Art Deco surface during its renovation into a boutique hotel.This paper reveals how a thirst for‘form innovation’emerged in the specific social and professional environment shortly after China’s opening-up,and how professional and public awareness of the value of late 20th century architectural heritage was stimulated in the early 21st century in the search for an alternative representation of urban identity other than the widely accepted Art Deco style.This paper emphasises the public meaning of architectural forms in arguing for institutional co-operation in systematic evaluation and conservation legislation for late twentieth century Chinese architectural heritage sites to maintain the historical diversity of the cityscape during urban regeneration.

A 30-year controversy over the Shanghai East China Electric Power Building:the creation and conservation of late 20th century Chinese architectural heritage

The Shanghai East China Electric Power Building,which was completed in 1988,is widely accepted as one of the first postmodern high-rise buildings in Shanghai.Based on articles published in mass media and professional magazines,interviews with relevant stakeholders and social media debates,this paper focuses on two controversies regarding the building’s peculiar architectural form.The first occurred between 1988 and 1992,when the building’s postmodern appearance aroused heated debates among architectural professionals.The second happened between 2015 and 2018,when the building’s postmodern appearance was planned to be replaced with a slated Art Deco surface during its renovation into a boutique hotel.This paper reveals how a thirst for‘form innovation’emerged in the specific social and professional environment shortly after China’s opening-up,and how professional and public awareness of the value of late 20th century architectural heritage was stimulated in the early 21st century in the search for an alternative representation of urban identity other than the widely accepted Art Deco style.This paper emphasises the public meaning of architectural forms in arguing for institutional co-operation in systematic evaluation and conservation legislation for late twentieth century Chinese architectural heritage sites to maintain the historical diversity of the cityscape during urban regeneration.

Constructing New Meanings of Chinese Architectural Heritage in the World Heritage Sites of Malacca Straits

This paper aims to construct new meanings of Chinese architectural heritage in the World Heritage sites of Malacca and Penang in the Malacca Straits.Inscribed in 2008,both sites have a history of more than 600 years of migrating trades and cultural exchanges with China.The influence of Chinese culture has given them diverse urban and architectural assets as tangible heritage,and different life styles of different groups of people as intangible heritage.Starting with a survey of the varied Chinese architectural heritage in the two World Heritage sites of the Malacca Straits,this study presents Chinese temples,huiguans,and shop-houses in the surviving historic city centres where various cultures and religions met and coexisted.These sites bear testimony to a living multi-cultural heritage and the tradition of Malay Archipelago,historic China and India,and modern Europe up to nowadays.Setting the two Wold Heritage sites in the full context of China,India and Southeast Asia which were part of the Maritime Silk Roads in ancient times,the study establishes a broader view to understand heritage as a cultural entity,explores the Chinese contribution to heritage,and calls for awareness towards heritage renovation and adaptive reuse throughout history.Furthermore,through an investigation of the architectural and cultural heritage in Southeast Asia from the 15^(th)to the 19^(th)century,the study intends to achieve a better understanding of the vernacular architecture and craftsmanship in southern China and the vernacular Chinese culture and art in Southeast Asia.It means to explore how Chinese cultural heritage was transplanted to the non-Chinese contexts in the Malacca Straits。

An emotions-informed approach for digital documentation of rural heritage landscapes:Baojiatun,a traditional tunpu village in Guizhou,China

The application of digital technologies has greatly improved the efficiency of cultural heritage documentation and the diversity of heritage information.Yet the adequate incorporation of cultural,intangible,sensory or experimental elements of local heritage in the process of digital documentation,and the deepening of local community engagement,remain important issues in cultural heritage research.This paper examines the heritage landscape of tunpu people within the context of digital conservation efforts in China and the emergence of emotions studies as an evaluative tool.Using a range of data from the Ming-era village of Baojiatun in Guizhou Province,this paper tests an exploratory emotions-based approach and methodology,revealing shifting interpersonal relationships,experiential and praxiological engagement with the landscape,and emotional registers within tunpu culture and heritage management.The analysis articulates distinctive asset of emotional value at various scales and suggests that such approaches,applied within digital documentation contexts,can help researchers to identify multi-level heritage landscape values and their carriers.This methodology can provide more complete and dynamic inventories to guide digital survey and representation;and the emotions-based approach also supports the integration of disparate heritage aspects in a holistic understanding of the living landscape.Finally,the incorporation of community participation in the process of digital survey breaks down boundaries between experts and communities and leads to more culturally appropriate heritage records and representations.