A Tentative Analysis of the Origin of Middle Chinese Grammar and Its Historical Position

Middle Chinese is the language used in the period from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. In recent years researches of Middle Chinese have attracted scholars5 attention. While it inherited some characteristics from the grammar of Ancient Chinese, the morphology and syntax of Middle Chinese underwent obvious elimination and new birth, an important content which laid the foundation for the further evolution of the Early Modem Chinese grammar. Numerous grammatical phenomena started to appear in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The grammar was going through a change in which new formsreplaced old ones, thus being the mediator in inheriting the archaic and beginning the early modem grammar, and therefore occupying an important position in the history of Chinese.

Historical Medical Exchanges Following the Confluence of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine:Coexistence and Mutual Development

This article examines the overall characteristics of historical medical exchanges between China and foreign countries,analyzing their contribution to the development of medicines in the world.It presents a summary of historical experiences of the development of medicines through mutual exchanges.It also provides an objective analysis of the effects of the eastward dissemination of Western medicine on traditional Chinese medicine.The history of their exchanges can be used as a mirror for each to learn from the other’s strengths to offset their own weakness,and achieve the coordinated and balanced development of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Such balanced development would enable the world’s medicinal systems to thrive and protect the health of people worldwide.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Malaysia: A Brief Historical Overview of Laws and Regulations

Although traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been a part of the Malaya and the Malaysia people’s method of maintaining health and well-being for many centuries,it was never been enrolled in the public health-care system.However,the rising cost of Western drugs and the increasing number of people frequenting TCM has driven the government to search for cheaper options and to look into its safe practice.In 1992,the government mandated all TCM herbal products to be registered with the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau.All TCM products sold in Malaysia are now Good Manufacturing Practice certified.The government has also established a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Division within the Ministry of Health.Between 2008 and 2014,a traditional and complementary medicine unit was set up in major hospitals in all states.TCM is one of the main services offered by the unit.In 2016,the government enacted the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act to regulate the TCM practice.Subsequently,a 10-vear blueprint has been drawn to support the development of all traditional and complementary medicines in Malaysia.This article aims to provide a brief overview on the regulatory development of TCM in Malaysia.

The Application of Peter Newmark's Communicative Translation Theory to the Translation of Chinese Historical Allusions

Chinese historical allusion is the essence of traditional culture,and its structure is simple and far-reaching,but literal translation can not let foreign readers understand and accept.Newmark’s Communicative Translation Theory is based on the point of the target language to deliver information,make smooth and clear translations to the target language readers.The applica tion of Newmark’s Communicative Translation Theory to the translation of Chinese historical allusions can reduce the commu nication barriers of foreign readers.

Voluntary Service:Contribute to the Realization of Chinese Dream——on Promoting the Development of Voluntary Service with Chinese Characteristics under New Historical Circumstance

China Volunteer Service Federation is a nationalfederated social organization composed ofvoluntary service organizations and volunteers.Since its founding in more than two years ago,by strengthening cooperation with diversifiedvoluntary service organizations at all levels,promoting the working methods innovationof voluntary service in all sectors and regions,

The Historical Vicissitudes of Chinese Human Rights Culture

Culture is the spiritual es- sence and basis of human rights, and human rights are the value orientation andobjective of culture. Human rights are universal and particular at the same time. Each nation has its own specific concept and value orientation related to human rights culture. In the broad sense, human rights culture is the collective name for the fruit of material and spiritual civi- lizations, which is human rights.

The History of Controlling and Treating Infectious Diseases in Ancient China

Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.

The Application of Geographic Information System(GIS) to the Study of Chinese History

Historical geographic information system construction echoes the call of academic development in the information era and demonstrates the in-depth advancement of history studies. In recent years, an increasing number of data platforms have been built to facilitate historical information storage, display, management and analysis. In such a context, the geographic information system(GIS) begins to contribute to the study of Chinese history. Its contribution is highlighted in nine areas: historical climate, fluvial landforms, town economies, rural settlements, hydraulic societies, environmental changes, ancient cities, ancient maps and HGIS-enabled research methods. The application of GIS to the study of Chinese history initiates a reform in research methods and at the same time upgrades the philosophy of history studies, facilitating the utilization of a diversity of historical data(documents, ancient maps, remote-sensing images, archaeological information, etc.) for dynamic tracing and multi-factor comprehensive research. At present, restricted by traditional disciplinary boundaries, the construction of HGIS platforms remains slow and insufficient, making it difficult to extensively apply GIS to the study of Chinese history.

The Changing Role of Chinese Women in History--From the Dream of Red Mansions to the Moment in Peking

In the history of feudal society,women were suffering from the oppression and inequality in their family and status,and also strict restriction from the society.Their freedom was limited and they could not make full use of their wisdom,and abili ty.But the role of women did not stay the same during the feudal society.It had changed though the fundamental role remained the same.Here in this essay,it mainly talked about the changing role of Chinese in history,from the beginning of the Qing Dy nasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.It collected information,and evidences from two books which were of great value to inves tigate women's role.They were Cao Xueqin's the Dream of Red Mansions and Lin Yutang's Moment in Peking.A great por tion of these two book's main characters were women,no matter what their social statuses were,no matter what roles they were playing in the big feudal family.Based on the result of analysis,the study suggests that women have been making progress all the time in changing their situation.And the development of economy has given women immense chances to achieve their self-actu alization.

Revise and Statistical Analysis of the Alien Press Errors in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen

Since Ko Kung-chen published History of Chinese Journalism with Shanghai Commercial Press in 1927,this work had been published by different publishing houses and reprinted many times amounting to 18 editions.There are many historical narrative and fact errors of alien press in this work,and up to date these errors are not revised.This essay aims to revise the omitted errors of alien press in History of Chinese Journalism systematically besides those corrected by other works or essays,and carry on the statistical analysis of the errors to probe new approach for the study of alien periodicals and press in China.

The riddles of number nine in Chinese medicine processing method

The“nine cycles of steaming and shining”,“nine making”,“nine turns”and“nine cycles of calcining and quenching”methods that are recorded and used since ancient times are merely one aspect of the unique processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Inducing the Chinese medicine processing method“nine cycles of steaming and shining”from historical review and summarizing the practical wisdom based on the canonical aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and the experiences of ancient Chinese medicine sages to promote the new development of traditional Chinese medicine.After the long-term and multiple“nine”processing,the materials of traditional Chinese medicine exhibit significant beneficial changes in terms of taste,efficacy,and chemical composition contents,thus emphasizing that Chinese medicine processing plays a significant role in their efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction.Heshouwu(Polygoni Multiflori Radix),Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),and Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae)are representatives of Chinese medicinal materials prepared using the“nine-system”processing method.This review discovers the aim and the molecular mechanism of“nine”processing of the abovementioned herbs from the viewpoints of modern pharmacochemistry and pharmacology to provide a theoretical support for the“nine”processing method of traditional Chinese medicine and to promote the international market of traditional Chinese medicine.

A Comparative Analysis between English and Chinese Forensic Lexicon

Forensic linguistics, which is the interface between language and law, is a newly emerging interdiscipline in China. It belongs to neither the science of law nor the pure research category of linguistics, but it is an interdisciplinary subject based on these two disciplines. The linguistic issue in legal field is its key problem. At present, forensic linguistics in present China lays emphasis on written language instead of spoken language. This article gives a brief comparative analysis of Chinese and English forensic lexicon and the similarity of English and Chinese forensic lexicon. It also suggests that learners should view the differences between the two from the cultural perspective.

On Ancient Chinese Classical Linguistics

This paper explores some problems concerning ancient Chinese classical linguistics. It is maintained that there are both similarities and obvious differences between it and western philology. The development of ancient Chinese linguistics from the Pre-Qin Period to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into five stages: the embryonic stage, the stage for laying the foundation, the preparatory stage, the stage of growth, and the stage of overall revival and prosperity. The literature produced during this period can be grouped in six categories: gloss exegesis, orthographical form and meaning, phonological form and meaning, historical phonology, grammar on function words, and rhetoric. It is pointed out that, in researching the theoretical history of ancient Chinese linguistics, great importance should be attached to the consistency between history and theoretical logic, cultural background as reference, and textual research methodology.

A Brief Analysis of Chinese People in America before 1949

Chinese immigrants lived a hard life in the United States before 1949.Based on the analysis of their remarkable contributions to the American progress in its economy,society,culture,science,and many other fields,the indication is given that the United States should thank the Chinese for their contributions and take active steps to develop friendly relations with China.

习近平文化思想的理论、历史和实践逻辑

习近平文化思想作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇,内涵丰富,意蕴深刻,在党的宣传思想文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。深入贯彻习近平文化思想,必须坚持理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑的有机统一。从理论逻辑看,习近平文化思想既坚守“根”“魂”,又兼容并包,不仅继承了马克思主义文化理论的精神品格,而且汲取了中华文化的精髓要义,同时,吸收了世界其他文化的有益成果。从历史逻辑看,习近平文化思想在继承中发展、在发展中创新,一脉相承于中国共产党文化建设的百年历史沿革,接续发展于新时代中国特色社会主义文化繁荣发展的现实需要,创新形成于新时代文化建设方面思想观点与战略部署的双项提升。从实践逻辑看,习近平文化思想遵循实践是认识的目的和归宿的原理指引,聚焦首要政治任务、锚定文化建设新方向、牢牢遵循基本原则、系统把握重点内容、始终坚持人民立场,为新时代新征程社会主义文化强国建设提供科学行动指南。

引“柔”入武:陈元赟对柔术发展贡献的再认识

陈元赟作为明朝东渡日本的大才之一,对日本制窑、哲学、诗文、书法、绘画、建筑、医术等领域的发展都有着不可替代的作用,尤其对柔术的发展具有里程碑式的影响。然而,我国对陈元赟的相关研究极少,且对他在柔术发展史上的贡献认识不足。新时代重新认识陈元赟对柔术的发展贡献,有利于厘清中国武术对日本武道体系形成和发展的影响,对于当下和未来中国武术的海外传播具有重要启示。研究认为:(1)无论从起倒流流派起源来看,还是从儒道释的早期传入进行分析,陈元赟的柔术“鼻祖”称号均有明显的历史局限性;(2)元赟之功,在于为柔术注入了道家“柔”的思想,丰富了日本柔术技法以及促进了柔术的近代化发展;(3)将陈元赟称为“日本近代柔术之父”相较于“日本柔术鼻祖”更加贴切。未来可从儒道释、少林武术以及相扑运动的早期东渡等方面进一步探讨中国武术在日本的传播及形态生成路径。

中国音乐史研究对音乐史料学的依赖——中国音乐史学问题思索之七

“史料”是据以为研究或讨论历史时的根据材料。史料学是研究史料的源流、价值和利用方法的学科,它是历史学的辅助学科,同考古学、文字学、档案学等均有密切关系。中国音乐史料是研究中国音乐史所需要的各种资料。中国音乐学史料繁多,根据不同标准可以划分为不同类型。音乐史料学主要从事史料搜集、校勘、考订和编纂,把价值不同的史料区别开来,把正确的记载和错误的记载区别开来,并确定史料的绝对年代和相对年代。音乐史料可以分为“实物史料”“口传史料”和“文字史料”等。中国音乐史研究必须依赖音乐史料学的研究成果,把记载正确的音乐史料和存在错误记载的材料区别开来,确定音乐史料的绝对年代和相对年代,正确利用音乐史料,还原中国历史进程中正确的音乐历史事实。