Application of Classical Prescriptions of Rhizome Chinese Herbal Medicines for Medicine and Food Homology and Development Status of Its Modern Food

The efficacy,application and compatibility of five kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicines medicine(including yam,licorice,Platyc-odonisi Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,and Pueraria Lobata)for medicine and food homology in the past five years were systematically searched and summarized,and the current situation of their food development was reviewed to provide theoretical basis for the research and development of this kind of CHMs for health care.

Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Inflammatory Factors and Vascular Dementia and Chinese Herbal Medicines Screening for Prevention and Treatment

Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine prediction method, and to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibit a strong association with vascular dementia (VD) were identified as instrumental variables from the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW), while auxiliary analyses included the MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple model, and weighted model. A two-way Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the risk of VD, thereby identifying the key inflammatory factors involved. The MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the horizontal polymorphism and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding one method at a time. Ultimately, based on key inflammatory factors, predictions for the prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were made, along with the screening of homologous herbal remedies. Results: Based on the results of the forward MR, the probability of developing VD was elevated when the inflammatory factors CXCL10 and CXCL5 were expressed at higher levels, whereas the probability of developing VD decreased as the expression levels of IL-13 and IL-20RA increased. These findings were supported by the assessment of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that there was no causal relationship between VD, as an exposure dataset, and these four inflammatory factors. According to the key inflammatory factors, 37 Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii were selected. Their characteristics including four natures, five flavors, channel tropism and treatment efficiency were cold, warm, neutral, pungent, sweet, bitter, lung meridian, spleen meridian, liver meridian, kidney meridian and clearing heat. Among them, Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi were all medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusions: The increase of CXCL10 and CXCL5 expression levels can increase the risk of VD, and the increase of IL-13 and IL-20 RA expression levels can reduce the risk of VD. Siraitia grosvenorii and other Chinese herbal medicines might be potential sources of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of VD. Medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi, may help the elderly population with corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions to prevent VD.

Determination of vanadium in food and traditional Chinese medicine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Various experimental conditions were described for the vanadium determinationby graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). The experiments showed that whenatomization took place under the conditions where the combination of a pyrolytic coating graphitetube and fast raising temperature were used and the temperature was stable, the signal peak shapescould be improved, the sensitivity was enhanced, and the memory effect was removed. The vanadium infood and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs can be accurately determined using the standard curvemethod.

Subcellular Distribution and Chemical Forms of Cadmium in the Medicine Food Homology Plant Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.

Although Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.is a renowned medicine food homology plant,reports of excessive cadmium(Cd)levels are common,which affects its safety for clinical use and food consumption.To enable its Cd levels to be regulated or reduced,it is necessary to first elucidate the mechanism of Cd uptake and accumulation in the plant,in addition to its detoxification mechanisms.This present study used inductively couple plasma-mass-spectrometry to analyze the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in different tissues of P.grandiflorum.The experimental results showed that Cd was mainly accumulated in the roots[predominantly in the cell wall(50.96%-61.42%)],and it was found primarily in hypomobile and hypotoxic forms.The proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction increased after Cd exposure,and the proportion of insoluble phosphate Cd and oxalate Cd increased in roots and leaves,with a higher increase in oxalate Cd.Therefore,it is likely that root retention mechanisms,cell wall deposition,vacuole sequestration,and the formation of low mobility and low toxicity forms are tolerance strategies for Cd detoxification used by P.grandiflorum.The results of this study provide a theoretical grounding for the study of Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in P.grandiflorum,and they can be used as a reference for developing Cd limits and standards for other medicine food homology plants.

Clinical Application of Radix Notoginseng and Its Homology of Medicine and Food

Clinical application of Radix Notoginseng in the last ten years is summarized,such as Radix Notoginseng powder,compatibility of Radix Notoginseng with other traditional Chinese medicines,and related preparations of Radix Notoginseng,as well as application of Radix Notoginseng in homology of medicine and food,such as preventing and controlling gynecological diseases,rheumatoid arthritis,hypertension,gastric cancer,arthritis,and anemia.

Matching traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine-based research:Advanced nutraceutical development for proactive gastric cancer prevention

Gastric cancer(GC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally,is complex and heterogeneous.This review explores multidisciplinary investigations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with Western medical practices,emphasizing the development of nutraceuticals for cancer prevention.Using advanced analytical chemistry and food chemistry techniques,this study investigated how TCM components may be optimized for nutraceutical development.Focusing on molecular interactions with GC pathways,particularly the NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and Wnt/β-catenin pathways,we examined the effects of TCM polyherbal formulas,extracts,and isolated compounds.These agents modulate apoptosis and cellular proliferation,underscoring their potential in preventive strategies.The convergence of nutraceutical and medicine food homology studies highlights a significant shift towards integrating TCM-derived compounds in a preventive health framework.This approach aims not only to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects but also to champion a preventive paradigm using personalized medicine to advance proactive health maintenance and disease prevention.The combination of TCM and western medical practices offers promising avenues for future research and practical applications in GC prevention.

Nutritional and medicinal characteristics of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) for applications in healthcare industry by artificial cultivation: A review

Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.

Discussion on application of food-medicine homologous traditional Chinese medicine in prevention prescriptions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

From sorting out and statistical analysis of 172 prevention prescriptions for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) put forward by government departments, medical institutions and TCM clinical experts in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the results showed that food-medicine homologous traditional Chinese medicine (abbreviated as"food-medicine materials") such as honeysuckle, licorice, agastache, tangerine peel, fresh reed rhizome, perilla and platycodon are used most frequently. Combined with TCM theory and modern pharmacology analysis, not only deeper understandin/g of the application value of food-medicine materials, but also reference value of their daily use and development of related products reference in the future is expected to be acquired.

Introducing Chinese food therapy： a review of origin, developing course and modern application

Objective： This review introduced the origin, developing course and modern application of Chinese food therapy （CFT） in traditional Chinese medicine to enrich our understanding of relevant concepts and ways. Methods： PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Databases were searched for papers on a range of terms relating to CFT. 41 references were finally selected for this review. Results： The development of CFT is comprised of five important periods in Chinese history. They axe as following： the infancy period represented by the idea of homogeny of medicine and food; theoretical development period represented by Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor, Shennong 1＇ Classic of Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases; specialized volumes on CFT represented by Dietotherapy Worth a Thousand Gold; representative monographs on CFT represented by Dietetic Materia Medica and Principles of Correct Diet and the perfect period represented by integration of ancient food therapy practice and modern nutriology. Conclusion： CFT harbors a long and profound history, making great contribution to people＇s health maintenance and illness prevention. With the further development of integrative medicine, CFT may play a more important role in clinics and family health care based on integration of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation.

The Protective Effect of Jiujiuguiyi, a Medicine and Food Homologous Formula, on Acute Alcohol Poisoning Mice

Background: Nowadays, acute alcoholic intoxication has become the third public problem in China, and the anti-inebriation products mainly aimed at increasing the activity of enzyme involved in the alcohol metabolism, which is a single mechanism that can accelerate alcohol metabolism. Thus, a new formula, Jiujiuguiyi (JJGY) which could protect liver, relieve the abnormal excitability of the center and improve muscle retardation at the same time is designed by us. Methods: The model of acute alcoholic intoxication was established by intragastric administration with 0.12 ml/10g 50% alcohol in mice. JJGY was orally administrated (gavage) once a day for 20 consecutive days before the establishment of acute alcoholic model. Mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with 8 each: blank control group (CON), model group (M), Haiwangjinzun positive control group (HWJZ), experimental groups (AL, AH, BL, BH, AB). Giant, crawling time on the rota-rod, the activities of aspartate amino trans- ferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both liver and serum, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in liver as well as the HE staining of liver slices, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined after acute alcoholic intoxication. Results: Compared with model group, JJGY significantly decreased the AST and ALT activity in liver and serum and MDA activity in serum. Meanwhile, it enhanced the ADH and ALDH level in liver as well as the hepatic and serous SOD activity, indicating more efficient metabolism of alcohol and less hepatic injury. HE staining results also proved that JJGY could reduce alcoholic liver cell injury, and the effect was more obvious in the group medicated before alcohol administration. Moreover, JJGY significantly prolonged the crawling time on the rota-rod and improved the gait of mice and the effect was proved to be better than the widely used health product Haiwangjinzun. Conclusions: This study suggests that JJGY is able to protect liver, relieve the abnormal excitability of the center and improve muscle retardation after acute alcoholic intoxication. Its liver protection effect is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes.

Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Medicinal Food Homology in Depression

Depression can be counted as the most severe mental disease in the world nowadays, which lacks effective curing treatments. With an increasing number of patients, developing effective treatments with fewer side effects is essential. Medicinal food homology has been proven to influence the pathogenesis of depression positively. Gut microbiota plays a vital role in exerting the antidepressant effect of substances from the medicinal food homology, as they facilitate different chemical processes and increase the bioavailability of the substances. This review summarizes the correlation between gut microbiota and depression and provides new pathways for effective treatments of depression.

Analysis on patents of health care products with substances of medicine food homology in China

Objective:The concept of substances of medicine food homology(SMFH)has garnered significant attention in recent years.This study conducts a systematic analysis of patent literature related to SMFH,and elucidates the development trends,technical hotspots,and the overall patent protection landscape of SMFH in China over the past two decades.Methods:The patent search focused on the SMFH varieties as the objects of inquiry,with retrieval conducted in patent databases.Subsequently,the acquired data underwent processing,analysis,and visualization.Results:While the technical threshold for pharmaceutical applications surpasses that of the food service sector,the former may assume a prominent role in the future.Research and development(R&D)activities in the southeast of China demonstrate robust activity than other regions.Colleges and scientific research institutions exhibit substantial advantages in patent applications compared with individuals and hold greater potential for future development.Conclusion:The findings of this patent analysis indicate that China’s SMFH industry are presently undergoing a transition from an extensive model to a high-quality model.The quality and technical standards of SMFH products are consistently improving.Consequently,there is a need for more stringent patent application requirements to align with the evolving development needs.

East to west:research progress in traditional Chinese medicine for antiaging strategies

Delaying the onset of aging is considered an important tool for dealing with the global crisis of the aging population.Accordingly,several antiaging studies have been conducted using strategies of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In this review,we summarize the current state of antiaging research related to both modern medicine and TCM and provide suggestions for further research.Various theories related to the aging process have been proposed,including the free radical theory,mitochondrial DNA damage theory,telomere theory,cross-linking theory,and intestinal flora theory,and a number of antiaging chemical treatments have been developed using modern medicine.These theories and achievements have resulted in major advancements in antiaging research.TCM is based on practical experience and has a long history with unique advantages in antiaging research.Some antiaging practices such as moderate diet consumption,acupuncture,Tai Chi(a traditional Chinese martial art that can relax the nerves to slow down the aging process),and Wuqin Xi(a traditional Chinese exercise to strengthen the body)have been adopted to maintain health.Several TCMs and prescriptions,particularly those related to medicine food homology,have been used in antiaging treatment,and their antiaging properties have been demonstrated to be effective based on pharmacological experiments and clinical applications.

RRLC-Q-TOF-MS法测定安神类中成药、保健食品中14种非法添加的催眠类药物

目的建立安神类中成药、保健食品中非法添加14种催眠类药物的定性和定量测定方法。方法使用RRLC-Q-TOF-MS作为检测方法，化合物准分子离子峰的保留时间、一级质谱和二级质谱作为定性依据；一级质谱准分子离子峰面积作为定量依据。结果建立安神类中成药、保健食品中非法添加14种催眠类药物的定性和定量检验测定方法，14种成分线性相关系数（r）均〉0．99，回收率80％～120％。结论RRLC-Q-TOF-MS法定性准确，干扰少，定量线性及回收率良好，适用于安神类中成药、保健食品非法添加催眠类药品的定性和定量检验。

Status and Thoughts of Chinese Patent Medicines Seeking Approval in the US Market

Veregen^TM and Fulyzaq are the first two botanical drug products that were approved by the Food and Drug Administration （FDA） to market in the US in recent years. Additional herbal medicines, including Compound Danshen Dripping Pills （复方丹参滴丸）, Fuzheng Huayu Tablets （扶正化瘀片）, Xuezhikang Capsule （血脂康胶囊）, Guizhi Fuling Capsule （桂枝茯苓胶囊）, Kanglaite Capsule （康莱特胶囊） and Kanglaite Injection （康莱特注射液）, have filed the investigational new drug （IND） application to the FDA and are in phaseⅡ or phase Ⅲ clinical development. In order to gain better understanding of the process of botanical drug approval in the US, this article examines the aforementioned drugs by looking at their composition, indication, prior clinical experience and clinical development process, and summarizes key features that enabled IND filing and marketing approval by the FDA.

Application and research advancement on the microwave-assisted extraction

This paper summarized application and research advancement of the microwave-assisted extraction in the agriculture, food industry, environmental analytical chemistry, traditional Chinese medicine industry, and so on. The microwave-assisted extraction was manifested to be a simple device, wide area of application, high extraction efficiency, good reproducibility and low consumption of agent and time as well as low environmental pollution. At present, industrialization question of the microwave-assisted extraction technology has been attached importance, which will impel the microwave-assisted extraction technology to more development in the future

Understanding “medicine and food homology”,developing utilization in medicine functions

Chinese medicine is a very big concept of medicine. In Shennong era, medicine and food do not divide.＂Medicine and food homology＂, which is called ＂Chinese medicine and dietary application＂, refers to that many foods are drugs, and there is no absolute demarcation line between them.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨益气平喘豆乳粉药物成分及其干预COPD的作用机制

目的运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS、网络药理学和实验验证探讨益气平喘豆乳粉干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的作用机制。方法采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS解析益气平喘豆乳粉中药复方中的活性成分,在SwissTargetPrediction中筛选靶点;在GeneCards中收集COPD靶点,运用Venny 2.1.0平台,对活性成分靶点与COPD靶点取交集获得潜在靶点;将潜在靶点导入STRING和DAVID中进行蛋白质相互作用网络分析(protein-protein interaction,PPI)、GO和KEGG分析。将36只小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、高剂量组(12.0 mL/kg)、中剂量组(6.0 mL/kg)、低剂量组(3.0 mL/kg)、地塞米松组(1.0 mg/kg),每组6只。1天1次,连续给药30 d。除正常组外,其余小鼠采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)联合香烟烟雾诱导法建立COPD小鼠模型。造模成功后,每周测量1次小鼠体质量,末次给药后,HE染色观察肺组织及脂肪组织形态变化;ELISA检测血清及支气管肺泡(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)灌洗液中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平;RT-PCR检测肺组织中TNF-α、ICAM-1、SELE mRNA水平。结果UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析得到143个活性成分,297个潜在交集靶点。PPI、GO和KEGG分析发现,益气平喘豆乳粉可能通过作用于TNF、AKT1、IL-6等靶点,调节TNF、PI3K-Akt、癌症等信号通路以干预COPD病理机制。动物实验结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肺组织可见大量炎性细胞浸润,脂肪组织中空泡脂滴增多,体质量明显降低(P<0.01),血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量升高(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,各用药组肺组织炎症细胞浸润程度减轻,脂肪细胞分布增多排列紧密,中剂量组小鼠体质量降低最少(P<0.05),高剂量组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.05),各用药组肺组织中ICAM-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论益气平喘豆乳粉可能通过干预TNF、PI3K-Akt通路,抑制TNF-α、IL-6的释放,发挥抗炎、改善营养不良等作用。

Research progress of ginger in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors

Cancer seriously endangers human health.Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common and major malignant tumor,and its morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing.Although there are effective treatments such as radio-therapy and chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors,they are often accom-panied by serious side effects.According to the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology theory,many materials are both food and medicine.Moreover,food is just as capable of preventing and treating diseases as medicine.Medicine and food homologous herbs not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities but also have few side effects.As a typical medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible uses,some components of ginger have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer.A mass of evidence has also shown that ginger has anti-tumor effects on digestive tract cancers(such as gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,laryngeal cancer,and pancreatic cancer)through a variety of pathways.The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main components of ginger and their potential clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal tumors.

减肥类中成药及保健食品中33种非法添加化学物质的UPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF/MS快速检测

目的:建立快速筛查、确证、定量减肥类保健食品及中成药中33种非法添加化学物质的分析方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF/MS),Waters Acquity HSS T3 C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 ml·min^-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为200~400 nm,利用保留时间、光谱图及质谱一、二级质量数做定性分析,对检出成分进行一级质谱定量测定。结果:33种化学物质均达到有效保留,分离良好,紫外光谱及质谱裂解特征明显。方法学验证结果表明33种对照品在线性范围内相关系数均大于0.99,回收率为79%~102%。15种减肥类保健食品及中成药的分析结果:2批检出呋塞米,8批检出盐酸西布曲明、1批检出氟西汀,1批检出麻黄碱,2批检出酚酞,1批检出氢氯噻嗪,1批检出咖啡因。结论:结果表明该方法简单便捷、准确,分离效果好,能够达到快速检验减肥类中成药及保健食品中非法添加化学成分的目的。