Etiology and pathogenesis of corona virus disease 2019 on the view of Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 epidemic.But in views of different TCM scholars there are different opinions about disease name,characteristic of etiology,law of pathogenesis about this epidemic.Based on related literatures,this article overviews of the characteristics of TCM etiology,law of pathogenesis and methods of syndrome differentiation,hoping to find research method that fit in with TCM clinical practice.Prerequisite of treatment is identifying the cause.The clinical manifestations of patients are important to TCM,and the etiological attributes can be inferred from the clinical manifestations.SARS-CoV-2 belongs to exogenous etiological factors,but there are different opinions about its characteristics of six pathogenic factors.Cold,Dampness,Warm,Dry,Toxin,Summer-heat,Wind,are all involved.Thus,different understanding of the pathogenesis and the law of transmission is caused.Such as cold and dampness hurt Yang,furthermore,consumed of Qi;dampness and toxin infected from external environment,turbid dampness produced inside the body;dryness affecting lungs and consume of Yin;warm-heat-turbid-toxin affected lungs,stomach and intestine;and then produced phlegm stagnation or blood stasis,furthermore consumed Qi and Yin.Based on those differences,methods of syndrome differentiation in treatment of COVID-19 are diverse,which contain pattern differentiation of zang-fu organs,pattern differentiation of Wei-defence,Qi,Ying nutrients and blood;pattern differentiation by the eight principles,and pattern differentiation of six meridians.Because of SARS-CoV-2 can spread to the whole country or even the whole world in a short period of time,its pathogenic nature should be roughly the same.So studying the treatment of COVID-19 based on clinical cases,refining the similarities and differences in the clinical presentation of patients with different subtypes during the epidemic,clarification of the etiologic attribution and evolutionary patterns of disease mechanisms,developing a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 in Chinese medicine is needed.Furthermore,getting a full understanding of COVID-19,and providing reference for the prevention and treatment of unknown infectious diseases.

Research Progress on Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing year by year,simple surgery and Western medicine treatment has limitations,doing damage to liver and kidney function,resulting in islet function damage,insulin resistance,poor curative effect and many adverse reactions.According to the difference of patients'health conditions,traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in the treatment of this disease by acupuncture,auricular point treatment and prescription based on syndrome differentiation,taking replenishing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating spleen and resolving dampness as the basic principle to enhance the functions of viscera such as lung,spleen and kidney,and to strengthen the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors.The curative effect is remarkable and the side effect is extremely low.Therefore,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the current situation of the research on the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,in order to provide new ideas for clinical and scientific researchers.

Review: The vital role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and the etiology and pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 based on TCM theory

"Yi"is defined in traditional Chinese medicine theory as the general pathological conditions of epidemics.Throughout thousands of years of history,TCM has been playing an essential role in preventing and treating epidemics in China.Showing significant efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2002 and 2003,a medical intervention involving TCM was applied at the beginning of the pandemic of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),and has been found with good preventive and curative value in clinical practice.In this study,the etiology and pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 was discussed on a TCM theory basis,and the clinically effective prevention and treatment methods/prescriptions were summarized.It is suggested that TCM has been playing a unique and vital role in preventing and treating COVID-19,and thus contributes greatly to public health.

Treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis traditional Chinese and western medicine:A review

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is a common Autoimmune disease,and clinical related research has made great progress.This article summarizes the clinical and experimental studies on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in recent years,summarizes in five aspects from its western medicine pathogenesis(Genetics,Environment,Gender,Immunity,mi RNA),traditional Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis,western medicine treatment(Glucocorticoid therapy,Chemokine receptor antagonist therapy,Nutrition therapy),traditional Chinese medicine therapy(Treatment by type,Treatment by stages,Treatment by liver,Treatment by spleen and kidney,Treatment by gas,blood,phlegm and blood stasis,Prescription of experience,Characteristic theory of physician and Characteristic therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine)and combine traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment,and puts forward the integrated treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine is the general trend of future diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for elderly patients with colorectal cancer

As China's population ages, the incidence of colorectal cancer in the elderly has increased. At present, colorectal cancer depends on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the characteristics of the elderly, postoperative recovery is slow, prone to postoperative complications and difficult to tolerate radiotherapy and chemotherapy have become the main problem hindering the disease. Based on the theory of prevention, the use of drugs from the perspective of constitution and etiology can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can alleviate adverse reactions and improve treatment efficacy. TCM with surgical treatment can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and promote postoperative recovery. For patients with advanced colorectal cancer, TCM can play a role in fighting cancer and improving the quality of life of patients. For patients in stable phase, TCM can prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Research progress of non-specific neck pain in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine

Non-specific neck pain is a common disease in clinic,and its pathogenesis is not clear.With the progress of the times and the change of living and working habits,the incidence of non-specific neck pain is increasing year by year,which has a great impact on people’s physical and mental health,work and life.Traditional Chinese medicine mainly treats non-specific neck pain by acupuncture and massage,while western medicine generally uses exercise and manipulation therapy,but the quality of clinical evidence of all kinds of therapy is not high,which needs to be verified.This paper summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of non-specific neck pain from the aspects of pathogenesis,etiology and pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine,and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,so as to provide reference for doctors in clinical treatment of this disease.

Progress in the treatment of chronic bronchitis with Chinese and western medicine

Chronic bronchitis is a clinical common disease,which is a chronic nonspecific inflammation of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues caused by a variety of factors.It is clinically characterized by symptoms such as cough,excessive phlegm,shortness of breath,and a recurrent chronic process.Chronic bronchitis has a high incidence and severe symptoms in winter.In severe cases,there are long-term clinical symptoms that impact the patient’s spirit and life.At the same time,the disease causes numerous diseases such as emphysema and pulmonary heart disease.Therefore,patients have an essential need for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.This article tells the etiology,treatment methods,process,prevention,and nursing of the disease from the perspective of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine,respectively.

The application of the “Treatment in Accordance with Three Categories of Etiologic Factors” theory in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases in traditional Chinese medicine since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

“Treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”(consideration of the climatic and seasonal conditions,environment and individual’s constitution in the treatment of diseases),that is,treatment following time,place and individual,is one of the basic principles followed by Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of diseases.This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of patients with epidemic diseases in different regions and periods since the Ming(1368-1644 C.E.)and Qing(1636-1912 C.E.)Dynasties.In addition,the theory of epidemic disease prevention and control based on the application of“treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”was discussed to inspire and guide the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Progress on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), commonly known as senile dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations of memory impairment, personality and behavior changes. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and inconclusive in the point of view of western medicine, which is the fundamental reason for the lack of drugs that can reverse the course of the disease. People have gradually shifted from simple amyloid hypothesis to new pathogenesis theories, such as gamma oscillation, prion like transmission, and so on. As an effective means to treat AD, traditional Chinese medicine has made some research progress in recent years. This article mainly reviews the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of AD, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of AD. Methods: Through systematic literature research, comparison and analysis, the main pathogenesis, influencing factors, progress and development tendency of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of AD are presented. Results: Alzheimer’s disease is a kind of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis and related targets of AD still need to be further explored. The main pathological phenomenon of AD is senile plaques formed by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid protein aggregation. Existing possible pathogenesis includes β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, tau protein hypothesis, cholinergic hypothesis and so on. As the pathogenesis of AD has not been clarified, so far no effective therapeutic drugs or means have been found. The traditional drugs used to treat AD mainly include acetylcholinesterase inhibitor kabbalatin, galantamine, donepezil, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. However, although these marketed drugs can slow down the course of the disease and alleviate symptoms, they cannot totally cure the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of personalized differentiation and treatment. The Western medicine can accurately determine the lesion location and target. Conclusions: Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and West medicine is the most promising direction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Research progress in the treatment of femoral head necrosis with traditional Chinese medicine

Ischemic necrosis of femur bones is a world problem that has not yet been fully cured in the development of orthopedics around the world, and the motherland medicine has named it "bone erosion". As bone necrosis progresses, it can lead to irreversible bone damage, which often causes severe hip disability. Modern medicine is mostly through surgical intervention, but its long-term effect is not clear. And Chinese medicine has great advantages in the treatment of the disease and economic, from the treatment of this theory, looking for the basic factors causing disease, and gradually by the modern medical community attention. This paper makes a review by consulting the literature of Chinese medicine for bone necrosis in the past 5 years.

探讨氧化应激与变应性鼻炎发病机制的相关性及中药防治策略

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是由免疫球蛋白E(IgE)介导的由吸入变应原诱发的鼻黏膜炎症性疾病,涉及鼻腔细胞和炎症细胞、细胞因子、介质和细胞黏附分子的各种成分参与过敏性鼻炎的过程。AR的主要临床表现为鼻痒、鼻塞、流鼻涕、打喷嚏以及嗅觉减退。目前西医的治疗手段主要包括鼻/口服皮质类固醇、白三烯受体拮抗剂、抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂和短期鼻充血减轻剂,但不良反应较明显,患者精神压力大,因此深入探索变应性鼻炎的作用机制与治疗策略具有重要的临床意义。氧化应激是机体在内外环境损害下产生活性氧(ROS)所引起的疾病生理和病理异常,氧化应激加剧了炎性细胞因子的释放,与AR的发病机制密切相关,参与信号通路转导、细胞凋亡、自噬和线粒体功能障碍等病理状态,是促进AR病情发展的重要因素。传统中医药对于临床治疗过敏性疾病已有上千年历史,近年来中医药防治变应性鼻炎的临床成效也得到大量研究结果的肯定,基于氧化应激途径,进一步阐明了中药单体、活性成分及其复方可凭借多靶点、多组分和多途径的生物学优势对AR起到整体性保护作用。作者通过分析近年来国内外中医药相关研究进展,对氧化应激在AR中的防治作用及机制进行综述,以期为中医药临床防治AR的作用机制研究提供进一步的理论依据。

乳腺增生症的中西医认识及治疗研究进展

乳腺增生症(hyperplasia of mammary gland,HMG)中医病名为乳癖,是一种乳腺组织增生的疾病,其中医基本病机为情志失常,病机以肝内气机郁滞为主,兼有脾肾不足等,由此导致气滞、血瘀、痰凝。气、血、痰、瘀于乳络互结。西医病因病理尚未完全明确。西药目前尚无特异性疗法,中药治疗具有良好效果。文章将对乳癖的中西医病因病机进行论述,并结合临床案例及经验总结中医药治法治则及常用药物,以临床为角度基础,提出治疗乳癖的方法,并为乳癖病因病机的研究与探讨提供新思路。

慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医辨治思路与对策

慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)是临床上公认的胃癌前疾病,中医药治疗CAG具有明显的优势及鲜明的特色。从CAG病因病机等方面的研究入手,对中医药治疗CAG提出治本独取阳明,补虚泻实,顾护脾胃,升降气机,调气和血,祛瘀通络,祛邪解毒,甘平凉润,和胃护络的辨治思路与对策,以期进一步提高中医药治疗CAG的临床疗效。

IgA肾病的中西医诊治进展

IgA肾病是一种原发性肾小球肾炎,容易引起肾损害,最终导致终末期肾病,使患者进入肾替代治疗阶段,给患者及其家庭带来严重的心理及经济负担。针对IgA肾病,西医逐渐研制各种靶向药物但疗效及不良反应仍需观察。文献、临床实践表明,中医药治疗IgA肾病可有效减少尿蛋白及尿红细胞,有效延缓肾功能减退,且无毒副作用。现收集大量文献,从中医对IgA肾病的病因病机认识及西医对IgA肾病的发病机制研究和治疗进行总结,让更多的青年医师借鉴学习,为更多的IgA肾病患者带来福音。

陈华教授从“阴虚瘀热”论治小儿反复呼吸道感染经验总结

[目的]总结陈华教授从“阴虚瘀热”论治小儿反复呼吸道感染的经验。[方法]通过随师临证,总结整理病案资料,阐释陈师治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床经验及方药特色,并通过临床验案加以佐证。[结果]陈师认为,小儿反复呼吸道感染病因为风、痰、瘀、虚,病机为肺脾两虚,痰瘀阻络,迁延不愈,瘀热互结,创新性地提出从“阴虚瘀热”辨治小儿反复呼吸道感染,总结出重视风邪,祛风解表;三因制宜,滋阴清瘀;详辨虚实,巧用和法;顾护中焦,健运脾胃的诊治经验。验案为反复呼吸道感染患儿,辨为阴虚感冒,兼痰瘀阻滞证,陈师分期论治,滋阴清瘀治法贯穿疾病治疗的中后期,迁延期养阴退热、化痰祛瘀,恢复期养阴退热、健脾益气,疗效显著。[结论]陈师继承浙派中医儿科特色,从“阴虚瘀热”辨治小儿反复呼吸道感染,疗效显著,对指导临床有较高实用价值。

基于“伏邪”理论探讨冠心病的病因病机与治疗

近些年,冠心病患病率呈持续增高的趋势。冠心病作为一种常见的心血管疾病,其病程缠绵,反复发作,这不但给人们的生命造成了威胁、影响了人们的生活质量,而且增加了个人的经济负担,已成为严重威胁我国居民身心健康的重大公共卫生问题。文章以“伏邪”为理论依据,探究伏邪致病与冠心病的相关性,更加全面地认识冠心病发病的本质,从而更有效地指导冠心病的预防与治疗。伏邪因虚而生,致病隐匿,逾期而发,而冠心病多以“正气不足,邪伏于脉”为重要病因;“邪伏于脉,痹阻心胸”为冠心病的关键病机。在治疗上以“补正气、清伏邪”为基本原则,从疾病本质出发,精准辨证,审因论治,病症结合,攻补兼施,对冠心病进行早期干预,截断病势,扭转病情,进而达到扶正祛邪、通经活络的目的,防止病情进一步恶化。

论风药在盆腔炎性疾病后遗症治疗中的应用

盆腔炎性疾病后遗症是妇科常见的慢性疾病,其成因复杂,病程长,缠绵难愈,对女性的生殖健康与正常生活都产生了严重影响。风药能祛除风疾并兼有风木属性,具有“升、行、透、窜、动”的特性,针对盆腔炎性疾病后遗症“湿、瘀、郁、虚”的病因病机,能从“助运胜湿、活血化瘀、开散气结、补而不滞”四个方面发挥协同作用。文章从盆腔炎性疾病后遗症的病因病机出发,探讨了风药在本病治疗中的机理及应用,并附验案一则,为该病的中医治疗提供参考。

生殖器疱疹的中西医发病机制及治疗进展

生殖器疱疹(genital herpes, GH)作为临床常见的性传播疾病,根据其临床表现可归属于中医“热疮”“阴疮”等范畴,具有易复发、难根治的特点,严重影响了患者的身心健康。现代医学治疗GH主要以抗病毒、调节免疫为主,临床上取得一定成效,但都未能达到根治目的并且存在不良反应。中医药治疗GH方法多样,以辨证施治为主,具有缓解临床症状、减轻不良反应等优势。同时临床上还采用中西医结合的方法治疗GH,中西医并重取长补短,发挥各自的优势。文章就GH的中西医发病机制与治疗研究进展进行综述,为相关研究提供参考。

肺结节病的中医证治探讨

从病因病机、辨证分型、中医治疗三个方面对肺结节病进行探讨,得出肺结节病病因主要有外感病因之六淫邪气和雾霾废气等秽浊之邪,内伤病因之情志失调、饮食所伤、劳逸所伤,病理产物病因之痰湿瘀毒为患,其他病因之先天禀赋失常及罹患其他慢性疾病;病机为肺脏虚损,病理产物阻之于肺,塞而不通,发为结节;辨证分型上外感型分风噪、风寒、风热、风湿、火热之不同,内伤型可有肝郁气滞、脾虚痰湿、肺气虚耗,病理产物型又有痰浊阻肺、痰瘀郁肺、痰瘀化毒之各异,他因型则分为阳虚证与气阴两虚证;治疗上提出五法论治和痰瘀论治,汗而发之以祛邪,清而解之通过泻、解、凉以除邪热,和而平之以调诸脏,和气血,下而除之以清里热、祛瘀血,虚而补之养气血阴阳、调虚弱,同时以化痰祛瘀解毒以通肺络;同时也提出中医疗养法治疗肺结节病,通过舒情志,畅气机,调和气血阴阳,培补正气以化结节,以期为肺结节病中医证治规范化略尽绵薄之力,为临床肺结节病治疗提供思路。

脓毒症发病机制及中西医治疗研究进展

脓毒症是一种危重病,由感染引起全身炎症反应综合征导致多器官功能障碍。目前认为,脓毒症的中西医发病机制异常复杂。中西医结合治疗脓毒症的方法也逐渐得到了研究与应用,属治疗脓毒症重要的发展方向之一。鉴于此,本文旨在对脓毒症发病机制及中西医治疗研究进展做一综述。