Influence of Chinese Pinyin on Phonics Instruction in Primary School English Classrooms

Phonics is designed to develop students’skills in decoding written words and spelling words they hear by creating connections between letters and their corresponding sounds.The structure and pronunciation of certain elements in Chinese Pinyin bear resemblance to those of specific letters and letter combinations in English.Consequently,it is hypothesized that for young learners of English in China,their familiarity with Chinese Pinyin could potentially enhance their learning of English as a second language(ESL),and educators might utilize Pinyin in teaching phonics.This study aimed to explore the extent and manner in which Pinyin influences phonics.By examining the performance of young learners in phonics acquisition,the study revealed that Chinese Pinyin has a significant impact on phonics,which is more intricate than initially anticipated.Positive transfer is observed when the Pinyin initials correspond to English consonants in both form and sound.Conversely,negative transfer occurs with most vowels,which differ significantly from the final sounds in pronunciation.These findings offer valuable insights for phonics instruction,potentially aiding in the improvement of pronunciation and vocabulary acquisition.

Incorporating Linguistic Rules in Statistical Chinese Language Model for Pinyin-to-character Conversion

An N-gram Chinese language model incorporating linguistic rules is presented. By constructing elements lattice, rules information is incorporated in statistical frame. To facilitate the hybrid modeling, novel methods such as MI-based rule evaluating, weighted rule quantification and element-based n-gram probability approximation are presented. Dynamic Viterbi algorithm is adopted to search the best path in lattice. To strengthen the model, transformation-based error-driven rules learning is adopted. Applying proposed model to Chinese Pinyin-to-character conversion, high performance has been achieved in accuracy, flexibility and robustness simultaneously. Tests show correct rate achieves 94.81% instead of 90.53% using bi-gram Markov model alone. Many long-distance dependency and recursion in language can be processed effectively.

Should the Writing of Chinese Names in Pinyin Be Standardized?

With international exchanges and gatherings becoming more common, Chinese in pinyin, mainly the names of people and places has become more and more common. Pinyin is a system for transliterating Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet and was officially adopted by the People＇s Republic of China in 1979.

Three Discussions in Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language

During these decades,learning Chinese has been a heated point in the foreign language teaching and learning.Due to this situation,I suggest to discuss three questions which are related to Chinese language teaching for beginners,they are about whether foreigners can and should learn literacy; whether to teach both pinyin and characters and what to teach first.

Lexical Tone Perception in Mandarin Chinese Speakers With Aphasia

The brain localization debate of lexical tone processing concerns functional hypothesis that lexical tone, owing to its strong linguistic features, is dominant in the left hemisphere, and acoustic hypothesis that all pitch patterns, including lexical tone, are dominant in the right hemisphere due to their acoustic features. Lexical tone as a complex signal contains acoustic components that carry linguistic, paralinguistic, and nonlinguistic information. To examine these two hypotheses, the current study adopted triplet stimuli including Chinese characters, their corresponding pinyin with a diacritic, and the four diacritics representing Chinese lexical tones. The stimuli represent the variation of lexical tone for its linguistic and acoustic features. The results of a listening task by Mandarin Chinese speakers with and without aphasia support the functional hypothesis that pitch patterns are lateralized to different hemispheres of the brain depending on their functions, with lexical tone to the left hemisphere as a function of linguistic features.

An Experimental Pragmatic Study of Readers’Preferences for Methods Used in Translating Chinese Brand Names

This survey investigated different methods for translating Chinese brand names into English.Results of Pre-investigation show that five methods are most frequently used in translating Chinese Brand Names into English:English,Pinyin,Coinage,Acronym,and English+Pinyin.Two further experiments were conducted.The results of Experiment 1 indicated that participants evaluated translations produced using English as their most favored and English as the most appropriate method to translate Chinese brand names,showing low interest in translations by Pinyin and Coinage.The results of Experiment 2 further supported the English method as the most favored one in comparison to the Acronym and English+Pinyin,methods,and likewise in the methods used to translate different categories of brands.A“Mother-Tongue”Effect is observed in translation.This study concludes that English is the most effective method for translating Chinese brand names.

Design of a Cloud Service for Learning Chinese Pronunciation

With the fast growing of cloud computing infrastructure, learning from cloud services has become more and more convenient for people worldwide. In order to integrate the cloud computing technology and different e-learning platforms including variant mobile apps, Windows and web-based applications, we develop our Chinese learning system ＂analytic Chinese helper＂ with a service-oriented architecture （SOA）. Based on the new architecture we designed and developed a cloud service for the e-learning of Chinese language on the Internet as a convenient resource for foreign students, especially in the reading of Chinese texts. There are two Chinese phonetic systems： Pinyin and Zhuyin. Pinyin is the official Romanization of Chinese characters, and Zhuyin incorporates additional Bopomofo symbols which transcribe precise sounds of Chinese characters. The proposed analytic Chinese helper provides real-time annotations with Pinyin or Zhuyin symbols, and thereby the annotated articles can be used as e-learning objects in learning Chinese.

The Sociology of Language——the Origin of Chinese

Languages come from lives of people and characters are the conventional text symbol system in society.There are thou⁃sands of languages around the world,only less than half of which own the corresponding characters,and Chinese is one of the lan⁃guages that has the corresponding characters.Chinese characters are not only still in use today but also are the oldest and best pre⁃served characters all over the world,which because of the close connection with Han nationality and Han culture.The paper ex⁃plores the origin of Chinese pronunciation,the origin of Chinese writing,the development of Chinese,and the connection between Chinese and Han culture.Also,it is important and significant for people to know how to protect our own languages.

基于汉字形音义多元知识和标签嵌入的文本语义匹配模型

文本语义匹配指基于给定的文本判别文本之间的语义关系。针对该任务,现有模型的信息编码未考虑利用除汉字字符外的潜在语义信息,且在分类时未考虑标签信息对模型性能的影响。因此,该文提出了一种使用汉字形音义多元知识和标签嵌入的文本语义匹配方法。首先,通过信息编码层对汉字的形音义的多元知识进行编码;其次,通过信息整合层获取融合汉字形音义多元知识的联合表示;然后,经过标签嵌入层利用编码后的分类标签与汉字形音义的联合表示生成信号监督标签;最后,经过标签预测层获取文本层面与标签层面的联合信息表示,进而对文本语义关系进行最终的判别。在多个数据集上的实验结果显示,该文提出的模型优于多个基线模型,验证了模型的有效性。

拼音转码对汉语二语听力理解水平的影响——来自路径效应分析的证据

汉字不直接表音,汉语拼音转码水平对汉语二语听力理解的认知作用是汉语国际教育中的重要理论问题。本研究采用路径分析方法考察138名初、中、高汉语水平在华留学生拼音转码、汉字产出及汉语听力理解水平之间的关系,其中拼音转码测查包含了听觉、视觉两个通道的任务。结果发现:(1)听觉通道的语音-拼音转码(听写拼音)比视觉通道的汉字-拼音转码(看汉字写拼音)容易些,两种转码成绩间有着深层关联;(2)两种拼音转码成绩均对汉语听力理解水平有显著影响,影响力受学习者汉语水平和母语背景的调节,其中听觉转码在初、中级阶段均有显著影响,视觉转码的影响在中级阶段开始显著,两种转码影响在高级阶段开始收敛但仍对汉字产出成绩有显著影响。在母语背景差异方面,汉字圈学生拼音转码对听力理解的影响更多受到汉字水平的调节,非汉字圈学生则主要是直接的听觉转码路径;(3)影响源分析发现,拼音转码对听力理解的影响主要来源于难点声韵母和声调成绩。结果表明,拼音转码对汉语二语听力理解具有多路径的重要影响,作为二语的汉语拼音教学要保证一定的质量及持续性。

汉语拼音输入中韵律边界等级对相邻字母输入时间间隔的影响

由于同音字多,拼音输入不区分音调,导致拼音字母到汉字的转化并不唯一,从而降低了拼音输入法的输入效率。本研究基于汉语输入中的心理运动过程,探讨韵律边界对拼音字母输入时间间隔的影响。为此,我们分别采用自然篇章和歧义拼音字符串进行了两个实验,让被试以全拼方式输入指定汉语文本对应的拼音,记录相邻拼音字母的输入时间间隔。结果表明,拼音的韵律边界等级影响了拼音字母的输入时间间隔,等级越大,则输入时间间隔越长。

黔东南民族地区小学生普通话语音矫正“四结合”协同教学模式的构建与实践

少数民族语言的语音系统与国家通用语言普通话的语音系统存在显著差异,加上生活环境和教育资源相对不足,民族地区小学生在学习普通话时容易在声母、韵母、调值等方面发生语音偏误的问题。为了解决这一问题,课题组以黔东南苗族学生为研究对象,探索出“口部操、正音、共学、延学”四结合协同教学模式,构建“U-S”(高校-小学)教师研修共同体,同时充分利用本地资源和现代信息技术助力普通话教学。“四结合”协同教学模式有效解决了实验学校和推广学校小学语文拼音教学与母语发音冲突的问题,产生了积极的影响。但是,由于主持人及团队成员的学识水平和教学经验有限,课题研究中涉及的调查、教学实践以及案例范围不够广泛、内容不够深入,后续阶段课题组将在教学过程中不断探索和丰富教学模式,引入OBE教育理念检验教学效果,持续优化课程资源、教学内容和教学手段。

儿童汉字练习:纸笔手写与键盘拼音输入的效果比较

在学校情境下,采用纸笔手写和键盘拼音输入练习汉字的实验任务,比较了75名小学六年级儿童在两种练习方式下的汉字学习及复习效果,并进行了保持效果的追踪。结果发现,纸笔手写和键盘拼音输入对儿童的汉字复习具有同等积极作用,在再认选择和回忆书写上效果均相当;对儿童的汉字学习积极作用不一致:在再认选择上两者积极效果相当,但在回忆书写上,手写明显优于拼音输入。另外,经纸笔手写和键盘拼音输入复习和学习的汉字,其记忆保持随时间变化的趋势一致。以上结果说明了对具有书面语言经验的儿童,拼音输入与手写都有助于形成和巩固汉字在心理词典中的义音形联结,但手写动作更有利于汉字从正字法代码向书写动作程序的转换;"提笔忘字"现象可能是正字法遗忘的结果,并非由使用拼音输入法造成。

拼音学习对幼儿语音意识发展的影响

研究考察了拼音学习对幼儿汉语和英语语音意识发展的影响。结果发现,拼音学习对幼儿汉语和英语语音意识都有促进作用,但在不同成分上存在差异。这种促进作用主要体现在音节内的押韵和首音意识,而对幼儿原来已发展起来的音节意识和末位音位意识(英语)的影响作用很小。同时,研究还从跨语言角度分析了拼音学习对汉语和英语语音意识发展影响的相似性。

一种多知识源汉语语言模型的研究与实现

针对汉语语言模型中知识获取不足的问题 ,提出了一种统计与多种形式规则信息结合的机制 ,将规则的表示量化 ,提出语法语义规则矩阵的概念 ,通过扩充词网格、对基于最大可能性的 n元概率值合理调整 ,将短语构成规则、二元语法语义规则、最少分词原则等融入统计模型框架 ,构成多知识源语言模型 ,模型应用于智能拼音汉字转换系统 ,明显提高了音字转换正确率 。

语句拼音-汉字转换的智能处理机制分析

语句拼音－汉字转换是中文信息处理研究的一个重要方面，是键盘汉字输入和语音输入的核心技术，其主要特征是对动态输入的拼音串进行词法分析，给出所有可能的汉语句子，然后对这些汉语句子根据上下文环境进行句法分析和语义分析，动态调整句子中的字词，输出最佳结果。近年来，语句拼音－汉字转换系统大量应用了人工智能技术和机器翻译的理论，以期提高系统转换的准确率和增强系统的智能处理功能。本文分析了语句拼音－汉字转换系统所采用的核心技术，即知识支持、自动分词和动态调整等，讨论了语句拼音－汉字转换的处理方法和过程，知识库的组成结构，用于拼音串自动分词的算法和实现，音字转换中动态调整的概率模型等，本文还分析了现有语句拼音－汉字转换系统在拼音串自动分词和音字转换的动态调整中发生错误的原因。

音字转换中的机器学习研究

本文提出了音字转换学习系统的模型,给出了它所采用的三种机器学习形式:单词学习,规则学习,参数修正学习、单词以及规则的自动获取用于确定的推理机制,而非确定规则的自动获取以及可信度函数的自适应调整主要用于概率推理上,基于上述学习机制所进行的数万字的学习实验结果表明,机器学习在改进音字转换的系统性能(如正确率、通用性等)上,具有相当好的效果,目前已经在语句级声音输入、键盘输入等汉字系统上实用。

唐宋诗之计算机辅助深层研究

介绍了北大计算语言学研究所开发的“唐宋诗计算机辅助研究系统”。该系统以全唐诗(481万字 )和宋代部分名家诗 (16 0万字 )组成的语料库为基础 ,运用计算语言学方法对唐宋诗进行分析研究 ,提取了唐宋诗中的词汇 ,计 5万余条目。在对诗文进行词语切分的基础上 ,建立了词汇的共现关系、对仗关系以及词汇的作者分布特征信息。系统除了提供面向诗文内容的全文检索功能外 ,还进一步开发了基于词汇的统计分析和诗句相似性检索等功能 。