Political Culture and Higher Education Governance in Chinese Societies: Some Reflections

Over the past decades,higher education governance and university management have become increasingly complex worldwide in a context of unprecedented expansion and diversification.Driven by both external and internal pressures,higher education reforms in different nations have often been reported to follow a similar pattern:shifting from the control model to the supervisory model in nearly all aspects of their relationship with universities.While such a trend in Chinese societies has been well documented in the literature,few people have been able to identify the sticking point of higher education governance there.As a result,the concept of a doomed cycle continues to linger obstinately,viewing power delegation as leading to market disorder which,in turn,leads to tighter control.This article points out the neglect of Confucian political culture and its importance for studies of higher education governance reforms in Chinese societies.It aims to demonstrate that Western theories of and approaches to governance and autonomy in higher education cannot be simply applied to other societies of highly different historical and cultural traditions.By so doing,it attempts to shed some light on debates over governance and autonomy in higher education in a much wider context.

World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Center for Translation

The mission of the Center for Translation is to promote international dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine with service first and quality oriented.Our top-level and excellent talent team includes famous experts at home and abroad as consultants,senior,middle-aged and young expertswith international background of traditional Chinese medicine,English editors and senior translators.

The Frontiers and Future Landscape of Research and Education on Value Rationality in Contemporary China

The importance of conducting in-depth research and education on value rationality in the new era is increasingly recognized.Therefore,it is essential to systematically grasp the themes,frontiers,and trends of research in this field,organizing the knowledge system to provide references for future studies.This necessitates clarifying the research achievements of scholars from different disciplines and institutions.Using the CiteSpace visualization analysis method,we can analyze,summarize,and synthesize research networks,hotspots,and knowledge structures,thereby forming a direction for advancing research.Through literature review methods and knowledge graph software analysis,it is believed that value rationality and instrumental rationality represent the rational attitudes individuals adopt when contemplating issues and putting them into practice.They are merely methods and should not be subjected to excessive value judgments.The relationship between value rationality and instrumental rationality is a focal point of societal concern,involving complex interdisciplinary issues with significant theoretical value and practical implications.In the future,the academic community needs to strengthen research collaboration,enhance the expansion of value rationality in various social practice fields,and conduct empirical studies to build consensus for the construction of Chinese society.

Prognosis value of Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society classification for proliferative diabetic retinopathy on postoperative visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy in type 2 diabetes

AIM: To compare the postoperative visual acuity among eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) of different stages after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for PDR eyes undergoing PPV in type 2 diabetic patients. All patients were divided into three groups based on Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society(COFDS) classification for PDR: Group A(primary vitreous hemorrhage), Group B(primary fibrovascular proliferation) and Group C(primary vitreous hemorrhage and/or fibrovascular proliferative combined with retinal detachment). The postoperative visual acuity and the change between postoperative and preoperative visual acuity were compared among three groups. The associated risk factors for postoperative visual acuity were analyzed in the univariate and multiple linear aggression. RESULTS: In total, 195 eyes of 195 patients were collected in this study, including 71 eyes of 71 patients in Group A, 75 eyes of 75 patients in Group B and 49 eyes of 49 patients in Group C. The eyes in Group A got better postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) compared to the eyes in Group B and C(0.48±0.48 vs 0.89±0.63, P<0.001;0.48±0.48 vs 1.04±0.67, P<0.001;respectively). The eyes in Group A got more improvement of BCVA compared to the eyes in Group B and C(1.07±0.70 vs 0.73±0.68, P=0.004;1.07±0.70 vs 0.77±0.78, P=0.024;respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis, primary fibro-proliferative type(β=0.194, 95%CI=0.060-0.447, P=0.01), retinal detachment type(β=0.244, 95%CI=0.132-0.579, P=0.02), baseline log MAR BCVA(β=0.192, 95%CI=0.068-0.345, P=0.004), silicone oil tamponade(β=0.272, 95%CI=0.173-0.528, P<0.001) was positively correlated with postoperative log MAR BCVA. Eyes undergoing phacovitrectomy had better postoperative BCVA(β=-0.144, 95%CI=-0.389 to-0.027, P=0.025). CONCLUSION: PDR eyes of primary vitreous hemorrhage type usually have better visual acuity prognosis compared to primary fibrovascular proliferation type and retinal detachment type. COFDS classification for PDR may have a high prognostic value for postoperative visual outcome and surgical management indications.

BEST WISHES TO THE JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE RARE EARTH SOCIETY

Since its initial issue in 1983,the Journal of theChinese Rare Earth Society has played positive rolein publicizing the achievements of Chinese rareearth science and technology and in promoting in-ternational academic exchange of rare earth scienceand technology as well.From now on,the Journalof the Chinese Rare Earth Society is published both

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels——Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since

CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS & The ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA

Congratulate Professor James C.M.Li,a celebrated scientist of Chinese descent,on his Winning of the 1990 Acta Metallurgica Gold Medal

The 11^(th) Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Neurology

The 11th Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Neurology （CNS）will be held in Intercontinental Hotel,Hangzhou,China from November 11 to 13,2012.The 11 th Annual Meeting is the premier event on the CNS’s calendar of 2012.

The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels(HSLA’90)will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since