Work-family conflict and job burn-out among Chinese doctors:the mediating role of coping styles

Background Burn-out among doctors threatens their own health, and that of their patients. To identify risk factors of the doctor burn-out is vital to improving their health and increasing the quality of healthcare services. This study aims to explore the relationship between work-family confict （WFC） and burn-out among Chinese doctors and the mediating role of coping styles in this relationship.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China, with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory （CMBI）, WFC Scale and the Simplifed Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）. A total of 2530 doctors participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between CMBI, WFC and SCSQ scores. A linear regression model was set to determine the mediating role of coping styles on the relationship between WFC and burn-out.Results Doctors who had higher scores on work interfering with family confict, reported more emotional exhaustion （r=0.514, P〈0.001） and had a sense of accomplishment （r= 0.149, P〈0.001）. Simultaneously, family interfering with work （FIW） was positively associated with all dimensions of burn-out （r=0.213, 0.504, 0.088, respectively, P〈0.001）. Coping styles had partial, complete and even mediating effects on the relationship between WFC and burn-out among Chinese doctors.Conclusions WFC was correlated with burn-out, and coping style was a mediator in this relationship among Chinese doctors. Coping style was a positive resource against burn-out.

Research on Teaching Method of Packaging Design Course Based on Chinese Style

The teaching of Packaging Design started late in China,but develops fast.After experiencing the changes of economy,politics and culture,it has entered a new era of self-publicity.The Chinese style has come out quietly with a strong momentum.The contents of packaging design in the new era pay more attention to the spiritual level,and become a bridge between the society and people,forming an aesthetics concept with the spirit of the Chinese people.Based on the application of Chinese style in the course of Packaging Design,this paper discusses the characteristics of Packaging Design with Chinese style and the problems of traditional Packaging Design,and puts forward how to better apply Chinese elements in Packaging Design.

Identification of Tip-burn of Six Chinese Cabbage Varieties at Seedling Stage

[ Objective] The paper was to discuss the incidence regularity of Chinese cabbage tip-burn. [ Method] With five Chinese cabbage varieties bred by Zhengzhou Vegetable Research Institute and Beijing Xinsanhao as materials, the incidence regularity of tip-burn was studied using Chinese cabbage tip-burn identification method at seedling stage. [ Result] The disease index of tip-burn generally increased with the prolongation of culture time, but all varieties successively reached high susceptibility state at 45 d of calcium deficiency culture, and the disease basically reached a stable state at 55 d. Zhengbai 65 showed the best resist- ance in calcium deficiency treatment, while Zhengbai 4 displayed the worst tolerance and was very sensitive to calcium deficiency, with poor buffering capacity. Zhengbai 80 performed good buffering capacity in the early stage of calcium deficiency, but with the prolongation of culture time, the incidence developed rapidly in late stage. Other varieties showed different resistance and sensitivity, but they reached the stable incidence period almost at the same time point. [ Conclusion] The results provided a reference for prevention and control of tip-burn.

Chinese Styles and Trends at ICCIE

On the first day of the 14th Beijing International Cultural&Creative Industry Expo(ICCIE),exquisite award-wining works from past Beijing Culture and Creativity Competitions,immersive experiences of intangible heritage at the Imperial Palace,paper carving arts on display at Vintage,and a variety of exhibits in the main venue of the China International Exhibition Center fascinated lingering tourists.

The Design Method of Leading Space of New Chinese Style Residential Area

In recent years,the new Chinese architectural style has become a new school of contemporary creation,which is reflected in many design types.This study aimed at all kinds of problems encountered in the creation of the new Chinese style residential area’s leading space and made a research and summary on the design type and construction strategy of the new Chinese style residential area’s leading space through combing and analyzing the relevant theories and cases,in order to provide some inspiration and reference for the design and research in the future.

Comparison and Analysis of the Major Ingredients of Different Chinese Chestnut Varieties

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the differences of main nutrient components in 29 different varieties of Chinese chestnut.[Methods]The protein contents,starch contents,Vc contents,soluble sugar contents and inorganic element contents in the 29 different varieties of Chinese chestnut in the north were detected and compared.[Results]The main nutrient components in the 29 varieties of Chinese chestnut were as follows:amylose content 47.16%-63.27%,protein content 3.23%-7.58%,soluble sugar content 7.23%-16.17%,Vc content 2.42-9.42 mg/100 g,Fe content 7.20-17.28 mg/kg,K content 3611-8940 mg/kg,Zn content 4.43-9.24 mg/kg,Ca content 120-304 mg/kg,and P content 752-1658 mg/kg.In general,four varieties,"Dabanhong","Yanbao","Duanzhi"and"Jinhua",have higher nutritional components.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the processing,utilization,storage,purchase,breeding and scientific management of Chinese chestnut in the future.

Varieties of Chinese Traditional Medicines Protected by the State (Part One)

Approved by the Ministry of Public Health,the following Medicines,producedby the named enterprises,are listed as varieties of Chinese traditionalmedicines that are protected by the state.

An Analysis of Chinese English Varieties from the Perspective of Eco-linguistics——A Case Study of Pidgin English

This paper focuses on the nativization of English in China,using Pidgin English as a case study to put Chinese English variants under the theoretical framework of eco-linguistics,and put the ecological environment such as species competition,coexistence and co-evolution,etc.The natural phenomenon is compared with the existence of language phenomenon in the development process of China English represented by Pidgin English.The study found that as the spark of the collision of the two mainstream languages of Chinese and English,the Chinese English varieties play a very important role in the exchange and enrichment of the two languages and cultures.Although academic circles have different attitudes and opinions on Chinese English variants,their existence and development conform to the law of the development of things and are also inevitable in historical development.Blindly ignoring their objective existence will definitely bring adverse effects on the ecological balance of the language.We should face up to the existence of Chinese English variants,comply with the law of language development,and allow it to develop naturally,and make efforts to protect the ecological balance of the world’s languages.

Chinese Business Negotiation Styles

Generality and details The Chinese negotiation style is characterized by moving from the whole to individual parts,from bigger to smaller issues,from generality to detail;the Chinese say,"From negotiation on principle issues to negotiation on details."Chinese people normally

Features and Trends of Chinese Management Style in the New Economic Era

According to the historical environment and national policies in different perods,Chinese business managers have gradually explored and formed management capabilities in accordance with market needs.Chinese management style has been established,based on the characteristics of Chinese society and the specific conditions of Chinese enterprises,applying China's excellent philosophy to business management.It absorbs global scientific management concepts and forms a management model with Chinese characteristics.Chinese management style has gradually influenced the development of world management.It is of great significance to study the Chinese management style.Studying the formation of the Chinese management style is not only to examine and analyze its own development process but also to deeply explore the characteristics of the Chinese management style and provide new ideas for management models for companies in other countries.This paper analyzes the reasons and characteristics of the formation of the Chinese management style and puts forward suggestions for the development trend of the.Chinese management style through comparative and SWOT analyses.

Protection of the Geographical Indication Right and New Plant Variety Right of Green Chinese Onion in China

Geographical indication right and new plant variety right are important agricultural intellectual property.This article researches the current situation on protection of geographical indication right of green Chinese onion resources and new plant variety right.And it puts forward the following measures for improvement:(i)Promoting the implementation of geographical indication product protection based on the national quality system;(ii)Establishing the national quality standards of geographical indication green Chinese onion,in order to improve quality standardization;(iii)Encouraging more enterprises within the scope of protection of geographical indication to use special signs of geographical indication;(iv)Unifying the green Chinese onion brands within the scope of protection of geographical indication;(v)Achieving the dual protection of geographical indication right and new variety right of green Chinese onion;(vi)Developing the tourism resources on geographical indication green Chinese onion,to develop tourism agriculture.

Chinese Business negotiation Styles

The economic growth of China has aitracted much attention from the rest of the world and is drawing many investors to China for busi-hess. In order to establish sound and last- ing business partnerships with Chinese cli- ents, investors need to conduct successful negotiations, which are the foundation for future cooperation. ＂Fnerefore, it is extrernely important for investors to understand Chi nese business negotiation styles.

Renaissance of Chinese tradition and local styles

The charm of fashion is the constant changes of styles that lead people to a brand new vision or toa redivivus picture. In spring 2005, new designs that borrowed a lot from Chinese traditional apparel and local styles were the flavor of the fashion week. Styles and details typical of authentic Chinese taste took the lead.

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.

Breeding of a New Early-ripening Cultivar of Chinese Dwarf Cherry 'Xiarihong'

＇Xiarihong＇ is a new early-ripening variety selected from seedlings of Chinese dwarf cherry （Cerasus humilis Bunge） in 2006. The fruits are oblate and have red skin; the flesh is yellow, sour and sweet. The average mass of a fruit is 6.74 g, and a fruit has a half freestone. The content of soluble solids reaches 10.9%, and total sugar and total acid content are 8.20% and 1.81% respectively, so the ratio of total sugar content to total acid content is 4.53; the edible rate is up to 94.51%. In the flesh, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin C content are 219.7, 4.4, 1.09, and 182 mg/kg respectively. Fruits ripen in late July in Beijing, and the development period of fruits is 96-101 d. Fruits can be kept for 3-5 d at room temperature, about 20 d in cold storage, and one year under freezing conditions. It can be cultivated in Beijing, flowers and fruits in the next year, with strong yielding ability.

Chinese Enterprise Leadership Crisis

Is there a "leadership crisis" in the world today? Thirty years ago, James MacGregor Burns, the Pulitzer Prize winner for the book of Leadership (1978), coined this phrase - leadership crisis. This topic has been quite old, but during specific times, it always has its new content. Leadership crisis roughly means the inefficient leadership that might bring the ineffectiveness. Having entered the times of globalization, the sentiment-oriented Chinese leadership unexceptionally has exposed its disadvantages and deficiencies compared with the mature and complete modern management.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHINESE AND AMERICAN COTTONS

Thirty-six Chinese cottons were investigated for their physical properties using ASTM stand-ard test methods. Conventional methods using stelometer, fibrograph, and micronaireinstrumentation provided physical properties of tenacity, elongation, length, and fineness. Varietaland regional variations were examined. The Chinese cottons were compared with upland varietiesof American cottons grown across the country. In general, American cottons were stronger, butperhaps a little shorter than Chinese cottons. American cottons were no more mature on the aver-age, and they had lower elongations than did the Chinese cottons. The American cottons alsotended toward higher length uniformity than those varieties grown in China. High yarn strengthwas strongly favored by American cottons.

Chinese Language Learning Strategies Characteristic of Language Learners

The present paper analyzes the strategic choices for learning Chinese by 300 Hungarian university students. The survey summarizes the most often used Chinese language learning strategies and verbal language learning strategies of Hungarian language learners one by one. With the help of the method of multidimensional scaling, the survey got to the result that the preference of the general language learning strategies is characterized by a strong opposition. In the case of the choice and use of three strategies--the social, the meta-cognitive and the cognitive strategies, language learners prefer a combined choice or non-choice. While in the use of the emotional, compensation and memorization strategies, a strong opposition emerges. Those using memorization strategies less prefer the emotional and the compensation strategies. This is true vice versa as well, those using emotional strategies, use memorization and compensation strategies less often. While the relation of the general language learning strategies was characterized by a certain opposition, in the use of the verbal strategies a strict continuity could be detected. Hungarian language learners consider the use of almost all verbal strategies with few exceptions to be successful in their communication. The results of the Variables path analysis with Partial Least-Squares Estimation （LVPLS） model revealed all those connections that structurally exist among the three exogen background latent variables （language level, language learner style and the ascriptive background） and the two endogen latent variables （the language learning strategies and the verbal strategies）. All of these latent variables measured with several manifest variables of the second exogen background variables, the language learning style showed the biggest affect to strategy use, this variable influences the successfulness of the learning of Chinese most strongly.

The Other Part of the Story —— Chinese Students at American Universities

Chinese intemational students studying at American universities are generally believed to be intelligent, hard-working and high score achieving, which are confirmed by many sources. People tend to believe that it is simply easy for Chinese students to excel academically at US universities, but this is not necessarily true, especially for students fresh from China. Based on a survey of Chinese students studying at US universities and interviews with American professors, this essay reveals Chinese students＇ academic frustrations and struggles that have been overlooked due to their high scores, and points out that it is the mismatch between Chinese and American teaching and learning styles that leads to this difficulty. Furthermore, this essay concludes with the author providing suggestions for both Chinese and American educators to help future Chinese students make the most of their higher education opportunity at American universities.