Construction of three-dimensional atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus based on the cryosection images from Chinese visible human:a preliminary study

Objective To establish a 3D atlas of the lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus with the cryosection images of the male from "Atlas of Chinese Visible Human". Methods The lenticular nuclei and its subnucleus were segmented from the cryosection images and reconstructed with the software

Effects of wavelength,beam type and size on cerebral low-level laser therapy by a Monte Carlo study on visible Chinese human

Low-level laser therapy(LLLT)has been clinically utilized for many indications in medicine requiring protection from el/issue death,stimulation of healing and repair of injuries,pain reduction,swelling and inflammation.Presently,the use of LLLT to treat stroke,traumnatic brain injury and cognitive dysfunction are attracting growing interest.Near infrared light is capable of penetrating into the cerebral cortex,allowing noninvasive treatments to be caried out with few treatment-related adverse events.Optimization of LLLT treatment flfect is a crucial isse of this field;however,only a few experimental tests on mice for wavelength selection have been reported.We addressed this ssue by low-ost,straightforward and quantitative comparisons on light dosage distribution within visible Chinese human head by Monte Carlo modeling of near infrared light propagation.Optimized selection in wavelength,beam type and size were given based on comparisons among frequently used setups(ie,wavelengths:660,810 and 980 nm;beam type:Gaussian and flat beamn;beam diameter:2,4 and 6 cm).This study provided an fficient way for guiding the optimization of LLLT setup and selection on wavelength,beam type and size for clinical brain LLLT.

Modeling and simulation of an anatomy teaching system

Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affected.In order to disseminate anatomical knowledge effectively under such circumstances,this study discusses three key factors(modeling,perception,and interaction)involved in constructing virtual anatomy teaching systems in detail.To ensure the authenticity,integrity,and accuracy of modeling,detailed three-dimensional(3D)digital anatomical models are constructed using multi-scale data,such as the Chinese Visible Human dataset,clinical imaging data,tissue sections,and other sources.The anatomical knowledge ontology is built according to the needs of the particular teaching purposes.Various kinds of anatomical knowledge and 3D digital anatomical models are organically combined to construct virtual anatomy teaching system by means of virtual reality equipment and technology.The perception of knowledge is realized by the Yi Chuang Digital Human Anatomy Teaching System that we have created.The virtual interaction mode,which is similar to actual anatomical specimen observation and dissection,can enhance the transmissibility of anatomical knowledge.This virtual anatomy teaching system captures the three key factors.It can provide realistic and reusable teaching resources,expand the new medical education model,and effectively improve the quality of anatomy teaching.

Effect of head model on Monte Carlo modeling of spatial sensitivity distribution for functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Modeling Light propagation within human head to deduce spatial sensitivity distribution(SSD)is important for Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)/imaging(NIRI)and diffuse correlation tomography.Lots of head models have been used on this issue,including layered head model,artificial simplified head model,MRI slices described head model,and visible human head model.Hereinto,visible Chinese human(VCH)head model is considered to be a most faithful presentation of anatomical structure,and has been highlighted to be employed in modeling light propagation.However,it is not practical for all researchers to use VCH head models and actually increasing number of people are using magnet resonance imaging(MRI)head models.Here,all the above head models were simulated and compared,and we focused on the effect of using di®erent head models on predictions of SSD.Our results were in line with the previous reports on the effect of cerebral cortex folding geometry.Moreover,the in fluence on SSD increases with thefidelity of head models.And surprisingly,the SSD percentages in scalp and gray matter(region of interest)in MRI head model were found to be 80%and 125%higher than in VCH head model.MRI head models induced nonignorable discrepancy in SSD estimation when compared with VCH head model.This study,as we believe,is the first to focus on comparison among full serials of head model on estimating SSD,and provided quantitative evidence for MRI head model users to calibrate their SSD estimation.