Law and Literature: Exploring the Intersection of Two Fields

This article aims to explore the intersection of law and literature,analyzing their connections and influences.First,the article introduces the definitions and basic characteristics of law and literature,emphasizing their similarities and differences.Then,the article discusses how literary works involve legal issues and how law becomes the subject and background of literary works.In addition,the article studies the interaction between law and literature,exploring the impact of novels on legal practice,and how legal texts are rewritten and interpreted in literary works.Finally,the article summarizes the relationship between law and literature and offers some prospects and reflections.

Deep Language Statistics of Italian throughout Seven Centuries of Literature and Empirical Connections with Miller’s 7 ∓2 Law and Short-Term Memory

Statistics of languages are usually calculated by counting characters, words, sentences, word rankings. Some of these random variables are also the main “ingredients” of classical readability formulae. Revisiting the readability formula of Italian, known as GULPEASE, shows that of the two terms that determine the readability index G—the semantic index , proportional to the number of characters per word, and the syntactic index GF, proportional to the reciprocal of the number of words per sentence—GF is dominant because GC is, in practice, constant for any author throughout seven centuries of Italian Literature. Each author can modulate the length of sentences more freely than he can do with the length of words, and in different ways from author to author. For any author, any couple of text variables can be modelled by a linear relationship y = mx, but with different slope m from author to author, except for the relationship between characters and words, which is unique for all. The most important relationship found in the paper is that between the short-term memory capacity, described by Miller’s “7 ? 2 law” (i.e., the number of “chunks” that an average person can hold in the short-term memory ranges from 5 to 9), and the word interval, a new random variable defined as the average number of words between two successive punctuation marks. The word interval can be converted into a time interval through the average reading speed. The word interval spreads in the same range as Miller’s law, and the time interval is spread in the same range of short-term memory response times. The connection between the word interval (and time interval) and short-term memory appears, at least empirically, justified and natural, however, to be further investigated. Technical and scientific writings (papers, essays, etc.) ask more to their readers because words are on the average longer, the readability index G is lower, word and time intervals are longer. Future work done on ancient languages, such as the classical Greek and Latin Literatures (or modern languages Literatures), could bring us an insight into the short-term memory required to their well-educated ancient readers.

An Analysis of the Law of the Development: From Colonial to Modern American Literature

Although American literature is only a small spray in the long river of history,its rich literary works and literary forms occupy a place in the history of literature.This article attempts to analyze the characteristics of American literature from the colonial period to the modernist period from the perspective of the yin and yang poles and the historical and social background of the United States,further summarizes the inevitable law of its development,and draws the enlightenment for the overall grasp of the history of national literature.

Literature on the law of Miao medicine in treating liver cancer

Aims:Through the literature review of Miao medicine for liver cancer,this paper discussed the law of Miao medicine for liver cancer.Methods:Using"Zhonghua Bencao Miao medicine"as the source of literature,the search term was prepared to search the related literature of CNKI database and Wanfang database for the treatment of liver cancer in the Miao medicine from May 2018.The qualified drugs were used to conduct statistical analysis on their family genus,medicinal property,medicinal taste,regression and efficacy.Results:A total of 132 flavors of Miao medicine for liver cancer were included,and the high-frequency family was compositae,liliaceae,and rosaceae,accounting for 22.8%.The medicine was mainly cold medicine,accounting for 75.8%.The main taste of medicine was bitter,hot and sweet,accounting for 75.5%.The main parts of longitude are hot longitude and cold longitude,accounting for 90.5%.Drugs are mainly used to cure poison,tonifying body and vent the blood,a total of 80.4%.Conclusions:Miao medical treatment of liver cancer is based on the dialectic of cold and heat,with proper use of tonifying body and vent the blood drugs.

On the “Law and Literature” Campaign in the Chinese Context and Its Significance for the Construction of China's Legal System

"Law and literature " comes from an American radical law school of the1970 s,and it was then considered a campaign,thus the school became one of the most post-modernistic schools of thought. Due to its western theoretic background,it is necessary to interpret its context; in other words,the "Law and literature"problems shall be interpreted in the Chinese context,which can also provide much inspiration and reference for the construction of China's legal system.

超越范式之争——文史哲法学的前提、立场与展望

文史哲是中国文化鲜明的标志性特征。笔者尝试提出的文史哲法学,既是立足于中国传统与实践,又是面向世界的具有普遍性样态的法学范式,理应成为建构中国自主知识体系和话语体系的法学目标。有别于教义法学和社科法学的研究旨趣,文史哲法学是一种全新视角的法学研究范式,它倡导厚植于中国的文史哲传统。其中,文学是法学素材的来源,史学是法学精神的见证,哲学则是法学价值的终极追求。文史哲法学旨在沟通中国历史传统与当下实践,侧重将文史哲作为工具和视角来研究人文与法学的互动关系,将人文价值和生活实践统一于法学研究场域之内,在保持统一性的前提下追求普遍性与实践性向度。中华法治文明在保持其独立个性、赋能文化自信的同时,也能为纾解人类的法律工具主义困境提供中国方案,促使法学脱离封闭的教条式思维模式与理论的窠臼,进而更好地为中国法学的本土化发展奠定坚实基础。

典章制度文献:我国古代音乐历史演变的丰盈载体--中国音乐史学问题思索之九

在我国古代社会,典章中的礼乐制度分“礼”和“乐”两部分。礼,主要对人的身份进行划分和社会规范,最终形成等级制度;乐,是基于礼的等级制度,运用音乐进行缓解社会矛盾。由于历代统治者对“礼乐”的推崇,在我国悠久的历史中,留存了大量的、具有音乐信息或与音乐有关典章制度的文献。文章论及与中国古代音乐史研究有关的历代礼制文献中的“礼乐”文献、典章制度中的音乐文献、会要类书等著作中有关的礼乐文献。这些文献呈现出广博浩繁的史料特征,对探索古代音乐历史事件产生、延展到衰亡的真谛,起到决定性的作用。

基于数据挖掘的针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴规律分析

目的通过数据挖掘技术分析针刺紧张性头痛的取穴规律,为临床治疗提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)收录的自建库起至2023年3月31日有关针刺治疗紧张性头痛的临床文献。共检索到783篇文献,经过筛选最终纳入符合纳排标准文献90篇。采用Excel表格建立数据库,统计并分析符合纳排标准文献的腧穴选取频次、归经、所属部位、特定穴位等方面的应用规律。运用SPSS 25.0软件对出现频次≥16的腧穴进行聚类分析及因子分析,并绘制树状图、冰状图及旋转空间载荷图。结果针刺治疗紧张性头痛的临床应用中风池为最高频腧穴,紧随其后的是百会、太阳、头维等腧穴;腧穴归经主要是督脉、足少阳胆经、足阳明胃经;所属部位应用最多的为头面部,其次为下肢、上肢;特定穴以原穴最为常用,之后是输穴与络穴。聚类分析得到3类腧穴配伍关联聚类处方,足三里、丰隆、三阴交、太冲为一类;印堂、神门为一类;风池、太阳、头维、百会、合谷、四神聪、率谷为一类。因子分析共提取5个腧穴配伍单元公因子。分别为F1(丰隆、三阴交、太冲、足三里)、F2(风池、头维、百会)、F3(四神聪、率谷)、F4(印堂、神门)、F5(合谷、太阳)。结论针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴以近部取穴为主,主要是百会、太阳、头维等穴位,同时重视循经取穴、远端取穴与特定穴的使用,常配合辨经、辨证理念治疗。通过数据挖掘针刺治疗紧张性头痛取穴规律,为其临床应用及基础研究提供参考。

法与文学的“禁忌之恋”——在德里达《在法的前面》的前面

本文对德里达的《前判:在法的前面》进行系统梳理和阐发。德里达的论题叠合了两个面向:一是法的文学,二是文学的法。“法的文学”指向法的叙述性和虚构性,法自身没有本质,它最中心的系谱历史不可讲述,可也正是它本源的空缺导致了叙述在延迟中的差异化重复。“文学的法”则指向文学的建制和惯例,一个文本一旦开始书写,就已经在彰显法的作用并完成“合法的”表述行为,文学的阅读和流通也在法中。引入《类型的法则》,会让我们进一步窥见法与文学的互相支配和生产,它更带来了文学和法的关系的性别化和性爱化。本文首先着眼于德里达讨论的两个面向,刻画出法与文学“禁忌之恋”的基本样貌。本文继而从中抽绎出德里达着重论述的独异性问题,并再结合《法的力量:权威的“神秘基础”》一文阐明法的普泛性与个体存在的独异性之间的裂痕以及由此而来的正义的不可能性,并探问文学的独异性如何有可能为个体存在的独异性赋能,让法也伫立在文学的前面。

基于数据挖掘分析中医药治疗肾性水肿的用药规律

目的:通过数据挖掘技术分析已发表文献中医药治疗肾性水肿的研究现状并探讨用药规律及核心处方特点。方法:收集中国国家知识基础设施数据库,中国医学生物文献数据库,万方数据平台,维普数据网,中国学术期刊数据库及中文科技期刊数据库等中文数据库从建库至2022年12月1日,符合纳入标准的文献,运用EXCEL、IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0及IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行分析药物性味归经、功效、频数、关联规则及网络可视化、聚类分析,并对结果进行归纳并总结。结果:共纳入166篇文献,收录83个有效处方,药物使用总频次945次,涉及中药145种,其中使用频率较高的有30味(频次>10),使用频次前5位的分别是茯苓、黄芪、白术、泽泻、丹参;功效分析显示使用频次较高的利水渗湿药、补气药、活血化瘀药、辛温解表药、补阴药;对所有药物进行四气五味的分析,其中四气以寒、温、平、凉性药物居多,以寒性药物位居首位;五味多见甘、苦、辛、淡、酸,以甘味为首;归经按频次排列为肺经、肝经、肾经、脾经、胃经、心经、膀胱经、大肠经、小肠经;药物关联规则及聚类分析显示,关联规则分析总结出用药核心配伍组合为“黄芪-白术-茯苓-泽泻-丹参”。聚类分析得到新组合包含1对药对及7组药物组合。结论:通过对纳入的文献进行数据挖掘分析发现,临床上中医治疗肾性水肿时以利水除湿、温阳行气、活血散瘀为原则,研究所得出高频药物、核心药物组合能对肾性水肿临床治疗提供参考依据。基于文献数据挖掘的基础,辨证统一选用合适的中药处方才能有效提高肾性水肿的治疗效果。

基于数据挖掘探析中医药治疗脑梗死处方的用药规律

目的运用数据挖掘技术探索近10年文献中中医药治疗脑梗死患者的用药规律及其特点。方法通过检索2013年1月1日—2023年1月1日中国生物医学文献数据库(China Biology Medicine disc,CBMdisc)、中国知识网(China National Knowledge Internet,CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普网)中医药(含中西医结合)治疗脑梗死的相关文献。完成筛选、建立数据库,在中医传承辅助平台(V3.0)上运用频数统计、聚类分析、关联规则分析等方法,统计药物使用频率、性味归经分布情况,分析药物配伍规律及关联、聚类效果。结果纳入文献共143篇,共整理出161首方剂,222味中药。四气中温(41.51%)、寒(27.55%)、平(25.89%)为主;五味以苦(34.17%)、甘(28.82%)、辛(24.45%)为主;归经以肝(26.68%)、心(17.96%)、脾(16.14%)三经为主;药物频次≥35次的中药共有13味,以活血化瘀类药物为主;药物组合中频次≥45次的有18组;将整理后的222味中药可分为3个聚类。结论脑梗死的治疗药物以温寒平、归心肝经者为多,治疗方法以活血化瘀、补益肝肾、平肝熄风为主,可为临床治疗提供一定借鉴。

The law of oral traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia based on Chinese medical code

Objective:This study aimed to collect,sort out and excavate the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in Chinese Medical Code,and to explore the law of internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:We used"Chinese Medical Code"as the source of data retrieval,"insomnia","not sleepy","no sleeping"and"eye not sleeping"as the key words,and excluded temporary insomnia,physiological insomnia,insomnia caused by other diseases,and excluded other methods such as acupuncture and massage,the medical cases.Prescriptions of insomnia treated with traditional Chinese medicine were screened out.The database was established by using Microsoft excel 2010.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency,menstruation of nature,taste and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the association rules between drugs and mined the rules of prescriptions by the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 14.1.Results:A total of 147 prescriptions,138 traditional Chinese medicines,20 pairs of core drugs,57 common drug combinations and 3 core pharmaceuticals were included.The basic prescription is:Suan Zao Ren,Bai Zi Ren,Fu Shen,Fu Ling,Yuan Zhi,Dang Gui,Gan Cao(Zhi).Conclusion:In summary,according to the drug analysis above,the main disease of insomnia is in the heart,involving the liver,spleen and kidney.Because it involves different viscera and syndrome,the methods of treatment are also different.However,there is a basic pathogenesis,that’s the loss of mental nourishment.By excavating the law of the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia on the Chinese Medical Code,we expect that it can guide the treatment of insomnia.

Based on the Chinese medical canon to excavate the medicine law of yellowish leucorrhea disease

Background:In order to collect and analyze the literature on yellowish leucorrhea disease in Chinese Medical Canon,and to explore its treatment and medication law with data mining.Methods:The Chinese Medical Canon was used as the data retrieval source,and“Huangdai”(yellowish leucorrhea disease)and and other keywords were used as the keywords to do literature search.After excluding“gestational yellowish leucorrhea”,“jaundice and yellowish leucorrhea”and other diseases,the literature retrieval and data sorting and analysis were carried out,and the database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2010.Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the nature,flavour,channel tropism and efficacy of medicine.Combined with the method in“the Research Platform for Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine Academic Thoughts of Famous Gynecologists of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,the association rules between drugs were analyzed and their rules were excavated.Results:Eighty-seven prescriptions,152 traditional Chinese medicines,20 core drug pairs,39 common drug combinations and 5 core drug groups were collected and included.Conclusion:“Damp-Heat”is the fundamental pathological product of yellowish leucorrhea disease,and the basic treatments are“Releasing Heat”and“Eliminating Dampness”,“Regulating Liver Qi”and“Promoting Blood Circulation”,and“strengthening spleen”and stopping leucorrhea.

范式与超越——文学视域下对“法律与文学”研究的省思

自20世纪70年代以来,“法律与文学”运动在美国以及世界其他地区的发展虽然并非一帆风顺,却也基本处于稳定发展的态势。然而,作为法学的一个分支领域,法律与文学研究却未像预期那样获得巨大的繁荣,基本上处于法学研究的边缘地带。诚然,基于法学专业知识与实用主义视角的考量,法学学者对法律与文学跨学科研究的前景有理由担心与焦虑。然而,如果将焦点从“法学”视域转移到“文学”视域,这个跨学科研究将显示出它更丰富和更有前途的一面。鉴于此,本论文重新界定法律与文学的跨学科研究为“涉法文学”研究,并为其在法律与文学研究中的重要地位正名,进而为其未来的研究提供可能性的路径——还原文学性、情感转向、文化共识,意在超越现有法律与文学研究的实用主义范式。在真正意义上,这形成了法律与文学两个学科之间的双向互动。

从《达·芬奇密码》诉讼案看法律与文学的合谋机制

2006年的《达·芬奇密码》诉讼案是一场没有输家的诉讼,不管是作为原告的《圣血与圣杯》的两位作者,还是作为被告的兰登书屋,抑或作为连带责任者的《达·芬奇密码》的作者丹·布朗,乃至法律本身,均从诉讼中获益。诉讼在此案中沦为资本运作的工具,发挥了其从未出现过的商业功能与广告效应。从这个角度来说,《达·芬奇密码》诉讼案标志着法律与文学合谋机制的开端,必须引起相关部门的高度重视,以避免效仿者的趋之若鹜。

社交媒体计量学视角下科学文献提及模式与规律研究

[目的/意义]社交媒体计量学是在以社交媒体为场景的网络环境下呼之欲出的计量学分支学科,围绕社交媒体这一新的信息载体,研究社交媒体用户之间及其与信息的交互特征与规律,揭示网络信息在社交媒体层面的分布规律与传播效果,在理论和实践上具有重要的研究意义。[方法/过程]以受众广泛的社交媒体Twitter为例,从Twitter提及基本特征出发,对9476篇文献信息以及对应的1474898篇推文和451567条用户信息进行数据分析,揭示Twitter提及特征、提及行为规律和数据累积模式。[结果/结论]顶尖期刊的Twitter提及覆盖率更高,与通用学术交流平台存在相似的国家和地区分布特征;提及用户粉丝量分布呈明显的帕累托效应,且用户粉丝量与分享型提及、交流型提及的占比正相关,与支持型提及负相关;Twitter提及往往发生在正式发表之前,提及半衰期为6.02天,论文在出版后的第7天开始长期提及持续性趋于平稳。

完善我国反腐败涉外法规的思考——基于中国知网反腐败涉外研究文献分析

完善我国反腐败涉外法规制度,是统筹国内法治和涉外法治的必然要求。文本以此为主题,依托中国知网(CNKI)数据平台对相关文献进行梳理,形成联合国反腐败公约、跨境反腐败管辖、跨境企业廉洁合规、反腐败国际合作等四个系列理论范畴。始于2003年关于《联合国反腐败公约》的讨论,主要集中于对《联合国反腐败公约》的阐释和我国的立法回应转化层面。跨境反腐败管辖问题由美国《反海外腐败法》的问世引起,集中在对美国“长臂管辖”的深层逻辑评析、我国反腐败跨境管辖的现状和问题、对“长臂管辖”对等反制等三个层面。基于我国“走出去”企业规模和对外投资体量越来越大,跨境企业预防腐败合规制度研究随之兴起,总结正反两方面经验教训,发现跨境企业预防腐败的责任与义务、廉洁合规及主体责任的创制和完善成为研究热点。反腐败国际合作研究,集中于违法所得没收程序和缺席审判程序。通过文献分析可知,完善我国反腐败涉外法律法规体系应制定一部反跨境腐败专门法律,确立以跨境反腐败管辖、跨境企业廉洁合规、反腐败国际合作为核心的法律框架。要围绕跨境腐败罪名、跨境反腐败主体责任以及反腐败合作程序等充实法律规范,丰富惩治跨境腐败工具箱,为推进全球反腐败事业作出应有贡献。

基于布氏定律与文献增长定律的图书情报学课程改革研究

研究布氏定律与文献增长定律在图情课程的改革研究,不仅可以帮助教育者了解学科领域知识分布和发展趋势,有助于设计更科学的教育课程,还能使学生解除到更广泛的知识领域和最新的研究成果,确定领域的核心知识,选择重点学习内容,有助于学生灵活运用所学知识解决问题并从中发现未来可能的创新方向。本文以中国知识基础设施工程为数据源,进行数据清洗、统计记录后,运用指数增长模型、线性增长模型、逻辑增长模型等进行数据拟合,进行回归系数显著性检验,生成相应图表,得出数字图书馆学科文献数量的增加更加符合普赖斯的指数增长模型等结论。最后,对图书情报相关学科和学生提出了加强实践、将竞赛引人教学活动、对创新行为给予物质与精神奖励等针对性建议。

极泉穴的古今应用规律研究

目的:通过充分查找古籍及现代文献中对极泉穴的临床应用记载,较为全面地探究极泉穴的古今应用规律,以期为临床应用提供参考。方法:古代文献主要以《中华医典》(第五版)收录的中医古代书籍为检索源,现代文献主要以国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)(截至2021年12月24日)所收录的文献为主,采用计算机检索与手工检索相结合的方式,对古今文献中所记载的与极泉穴相关的条文进行查阅、收集,最后建立数据库,将与其相关的主治病证、治疗方法、针具规格、针刺深度、补泻方法、注意事项等录入Excel表格,进行统计分析。结果:摘录古籍条文185条,纳入条文31条,其中极泉单穴主治病证有9种,配伍主治病证有2种。查阅现代文献502篇,纳入文献309篇,极泉单穴主治病证有9种,配伍主治病证有21种。主治病证多为心系和肢体经络疾病;最常配伍的腧穴为肩髃穴和曲池穴;除针刺外,操作多采用灸法和推拿手法;补泻手法以提插泻法居多;针刺深度多为0.5~2寸。结论:本研究较为全面地展示了古籍及现代文献中极泉穴的应用规律,可为临床使用极泉穴提供参考。

基于现代文献数据挖掘探析针刺治疗围绝经期失眠的选穴规律

目的:基于现代文献数据挖掘探析针刺治疗围绝经期失眠的腧穴应用特点及规律。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang)、维普中文期刊服务平台(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed数据库与Web of Science数据库建库至2021年10月18日所收录的针刺治疗围绝经期失眠的现代临床研究文献,依照纳入、排除标准进行文献筛选后,提取针刺处方等相关信息建立针刺治疗围绝经失眠的选穴数据库,采用数据统计、聚类分析、Apriori关联规则分析等方法分析选穴频次、归经、分布、配伍规律及核心选穴处方。结果:(1)纳入的139篇文献中有效针刺处方199条,涉及腧穴78个,共计使用频次1567次;(2)归经以膀胱经、督脉及经外奇穴为主,常用腧穴主要分布在下肢、头面颈项部;(3)选用腧穴中有58个特定穴,主要包括交会穴、原穴与五输穴;(4)共得出6个有效聚类群及16个关联群,其中神门→百会+三阴交的支持度最高;(5)针刺治疗围绝经期失眠的核心选穴为神门、百会、三阴交、四神聪、太冲、内关、安眠与关元。结论:针刺治疗围绝经期失眠的选穴体现了局部取穴配合远道取穴的思想,重用特定穴,发现选穴体现的宁心安神、通调跷脉与调任通督等治则与本病心神不养、阴阳失衡与脏腑失调等病机相对应,初步得出其选穴规律、特点及核心选穴处方,以期为针刺治疗围绝经失眠的临床应用提供针对性更强的穴位处方。