CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expresse...CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapopto...Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, angiogenetic and neurotropic way. It causes stimulation of cells to delay cell apoptosis, especially in the central nervous system. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, EPO showed an impressive reduction of infarct size by 30% and improvement of neurobehavioral outcome by nearly 40%. A large animal model dealing with ischemia and reperfusion of the spinal cord showed that EPO could reduce the risk of spinal cord injury significantly. In addition, some clinical studies tested whether EPO works in real live clinical settings. One of the most promising studies showed the innocuousness and improvements in follow-up, outcome scales and in infarct size, of EPO-use in humans suffering from ischemic stroke. Another study ended unfortunately in a negative outcome and an increased overall death rate in the EPO group. The most possible reason was the involvement of patients undergoing simultaneously systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. An experimental study on rats demonstrated that administration of EPO might exacerbate tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage without reducing the ischemic brain damage. This case shows clearly how useful animal models can be to check negative side effects of a treatment before going into clinical trials. Other groups looked in human trials at the effects of EPO on the outcome after ischemic stroke, relation to circulating endothelial progerdtor cells, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hemoglobin transfusion thresholds and elective first-time coronary artery bypass surgery. Most of the results were pos-让ive, but are based mostly on small group sizes. However, some of the most neglected facts when focusing on experimental setups of ischemia of the central nervous system are issues like age and comorbidities. It might be extremely worthy to consider these points for future projects, because EPO might influence all these factors.展开更多
Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor,sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions.However,there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury.Neural stem cells and progenitor cells,bone marrow mesenc...Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor,sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions.However,there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury.Neural stem cells and progenitor cells,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,olfactory ensheathing cells,umbilical cord blood stem cells,adipose stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,oligodendrocyte precursor cells,macrophages and Schwann cells have been studied as potential treatments for spinal cord injury.These treatments were mainly performed in animals.However,subtle changes in sensory function,nerve root movement and pain cannot be fully investigated with animal studies.Although these cell types have shown excellent safety and effectiveness in various animal models,sufficient evidence of efficacy for clinical translation is still lacking.Cell transplantation should be combined with tissue engineering scaffolds,local drug delivery systems,postoperative adjuvant therapy and physical rehabilitation training as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to provide the possibility for patients with SCI to return to normal life.This review summarizes and analyzes the clinical trials of cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury,with the aim of providing a rational foundation for the development of clinical treatments for spinal cord injury.展开更多
Singing,as a method of combining respiratory function exercise and vocal intonation therapy,provides a new direction for respiratory function exercise in patients with spinal cord injury.This randomized controlled tri...Singing,as a method of combining respiratory function exercise and vocal intonation therapy,provides a new direction for respiratory function exercise in patients with spinal cord injury.This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of oral motor respiratory exercise and vocal intonation therapy on respiratory function and vocal quality in patients with spinal cord injury.Among 31 included patients with spinal cord injury,18 completed the treatment.These 18 patients were randomly assigned to undergo music therapy(intervention group,30 min/d,5 times a week,for a total of 12 weeks;n=9,7 males and 2 females;30.33±11.74 years old)or normal respiratory training(control group,n=9;8 males and 1 female;34.78±11.13 years old).Both patient groups received routine treatment concurrently.Before and at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention,a standard respiratory function test,a voice test,the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire,and a quality of life questionnaire were administered.The results showed that the inspiratory capacity,forced expiratory volume in 1 second,forced vital capacity,maximal mid-expiratory flow rate,sing-loud pressure level,and sustained note length were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group.The St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire and quality of life results of patients in the intervention group were significantly superior to those in the control group.These findings suggest that oral motor respiratory exercise and vocal intonation therapy,as respiratory training methods in music therapy,are effective and valuable for improving respiratory dysfunction and vocal quality in patients with spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Rehabilitation Research Center(approval No.2019-78-1)on May 27,2019 and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:Chi CTR1900026922)on October 26,2019.展开更多
Cerebral palsy is the most common disease in children associated with lifelong disability in many countries.Clinical research has demonstrated that traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies cannot alone c...Cerebral palsy is the most common disease in children associated with lifelong disability in many countries.Clinical research has demonstrated that traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies cannot alone cure cerebral palsy.Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy that has been applied in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases because of the regenerative and unlimited proliferative capacity of stem cells.In this review, we summarize the design schemes and results of these clinical trials.Our findings reveal great differences in population characteristics, stem cell types and doses, administration methods, and evaluation methods among the included clinical trials.Furthermore, we also assess the safety and efficacy of these clinical trials.We anticipate that our findings will advance the rational development of clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy and contribute to the clinical application of stem cells.展开更多
目的探讨两种不同加压包扎方法在经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)后穿刺点应用的效果,为临床提供一种新的包扎方法。方法采用随机数字表法将本院416例乳腺癌PICC患者随机分为对照组与试验组,分别...目的探讨两种不同加压包扎方法在经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)后穿刺点应用的效果,为临床提供一种新的包扎方法。方法采用随机数字表法将本院416例乳腺癌PICC患者随机分为对照组与试验组,分别208例。对照组患者PICC置管后应用无菌纱布覆盖并加压包扎穿刺点,24h进行常规换药,试验组PICC置管后应用藻酸盐敷料覆盖穿刺点并加压包扎,在无局部渗血情况下置管后7d换药。比较两组患者置管后24h内穿刺点渗血发生率、患者舒适度、换药次数及费用与7d内感染情况。结果对照组205例完成研究,试验组208例完成研究。试验组患者置管后24h穿刺点渗血发生率低于对照组(试验组27.88%,对照组38.05%,χ^(2)=4.829,P=0.028),24h换药次数少于对照组(Z=205.235,P<0.001),换药费用低于对照组(对照组换药费用中位数56.94元,试验组换药费用中位数10.20元,Z=-8.990,P<0.001);试验组患者局部疼痛和瘙痒评分低于对照组(Z=-12.079,Z=-12.194,均P<0.001),组间比较,差异有统计学意义;两组患者均未发生穿刺点感染。结论乳腺癌患者PICC置管后应用藻酸盐敷料加压包扎穿刺点,可将24h穿刺点未发生渗血者首次换药时间延长至置管后7d,该方法减少了穿刺点渗血发生率,增加患者舒适度,同时减少换药次数和换药费用,从而减少护士工作量。展开更多
基金supported by the National Major Project of Research and Development,No.2022YFA1105500(to SZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870975(to SZ)Innovation Program for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province of China,No.KYCX223335(to MZ)。
文摘CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
文摘Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, angiogenetic and neurotropic way. It causes stimulation of cells to delay cell apoptosis, especially in the central nervous system. In rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia, EPO showed an impressive reduction of infarct size by 30% and improvement of neurobehavioral outcome by nearly 40%. A large animal model dealing with ischemia and reperfusion of the spinal cord showed that EPO could reduce the risk of spinal cord injury significantly. In addition, some clinical studies tested whether EPO works in real live clinical settings. One of the most promising studies showed the innocuousness and improvements in follow-up, outcome scales and in infarct size, of EPO-use in humans suffering from ischemic stroke. Another study ended unfortunately in a negative outcome and an increased overall death rate in the EPO group. The most possible reason was the involvement of patients undergoing simultaneously systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. An experimental study on rats demonstrated that administration of EPO might exacerbate tissue plasminogen activator-induced brain hemorrhage without reducing the ischemic brain damage. This case shows clearly how useful animal models can be to check negative side effects of a treatment before going into clinical trials. Other groups looked in human trials at the effects of EPO on the outcome after ischemic stroke, relation to circulating endothelial progerdtor cells, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hemoglobin transfusion thresholds and elective first-time coronary artery bypass surgery. Most of the results were pos-让ive, but are based mostly on small group sizes. However, some of the most neglected facts when focusing on experimental setups of ischemia of the central nervous system are issues like age and comorbidities. It might be extremely worthy to consider these points for future projects, because EPO might influence all these factors.
基金supported by 2019 Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province of China,No.GZK-2019-46(to XWK and YBL)。
文摘Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor,sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions.However,there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury.Neural stem cells and progenitor cells,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,olfactory ensheathing cells,umbilical cord blood stem cells,adipose stem cells,hematopoietic stem cells,oligodendrocyte precursor cells,macrophages and Schwann cells have been studied as potential treatments for spinal cord injury.These treatments were mainly performed in animals.However,subtle changes in sensory function,nerve root movement and pain cannot be fully investigated with animal studies.Although these cell types have shown excellent safety and effectiveness in various animal models,sufficient evidence of efficacy for clinical translation is still lacking.Cell transplantation should be combined with tissue engineering scaffolds,local drug delivery systems,postoperative adjuvant therapy and physical rehabilitation training as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to provide the possibility for patients with SCI to return to normal life.This review summarizes and analyzes the clinical trials of cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury,with the aim of providing a rational foundation for the development of clinical treatments for spinal cord injury.
基金Scientific Research Foundation of China Rehabilitation Research Center,No.2019zx-23(to SHL)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China,No.7192238。
文摘Singing,as a method of combining respiratory function exercise and vocal intonation therapy,provides a new direction for respiratory function exercise in patients with spinal cord injury.This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of oral motor respiratory exercise and vocal intonation therapy on respiratory function and vocal quality in patients with spinal cord injury.Among 31 included patients with spinal cord injury,18 completed the treatment.These 18 patients were randomly assigned to undergo music therapy(intervention group,30 min/d,5 times a week,for a total of 12 weeks;n=9,7 males and 2 females;30.33±11.74 years old)or normal respiratory training(control group,n=9;8 males and 1 female;34.78±11.13 years old).Both patient groups received routine treatment concurrently.Before and at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention,a standard respiratory function test,a voice test,the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire,and a quality of life questionnaire were administered.The results showed that the inspiratory capacity,forced expiratory volume in 1 second,forced vital capacity,maximal mid-expiratory flow rate,sing-loud pressure level,and sustained note length were significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group.The St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire and quality of life results of patients in the intervention group were significantly superior to those in the control group.These findings suggest that oral motor respiratory exercise and vocal intonation therapy,as respiratory training methods in music therapy,are effective and valuable for improving respiratory dysfunction and vocal quality in patients with spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Rehabilitation Research Center(approval No.2019-78-1)on May 27,2019 and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:Chi CTR1900026922)on October 26,2019.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81471308(to JL)the Stem Cell Clinical Research Project of China, No.CMR-20161129-1003(to JL)the Dalian Innovation Technology Funding of China, No.2018 J11 CY025(to JL)。
文摘Cerebral palsy is the most common disease in children associated with lifelong disability in many countries.Clinical research has demonstrated that traditional physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapies cannot alone cure cerebral palsy.Stem cell transplantation is an emerging therapy that has been applied in clinical trials for a variety of neurological diseases because of the regenerative and unlimited proliferative capacity of stem cells.In this review, we summarize the design schemes and results of these clinical trials.Our findings reveal great differences in population characteristics, stem cell types and doses, administration methods, and evaluation methods among the included clinical trials.Furthermore, we also assess the safety and efficacy of these clinical trials.We anticipate that our findings will advance the rational development of clinical trials of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy and contribute to the clinical application of stem cells.
文摘目的探讨两种不同加压包扎方法在经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)后穿刺点应用的效果,为临床提供一种新的包扎方法。方法采用随机数字表法将本院416例乳腺癌PICC患者随机分为对照组与试验组,分别208例。对照组患者PICC置管后应用无菌纱布覆盖并加压包扎穿刺点,24h进行常规换药,试验组PICC置管后应用藻酸盐敷料覆盖穿刺点并加压包扎,在无局部渗血情况下置管后7d换药。比较两组患者置管后24h内穿刺点渗血发生率、患者舒适度、换药次数及费用与7d内感染情况。结果对照组205例完成研究,试验组208例完成研究。试验组患者置管后24h穿刺点渗血发生率低于对照组(试验组27.88%,对照组38.05%,χ^(2)=4.829,P=0.028),24h换药次数少于对照组(Z=205.235,P<0.001),换药费用低于对照组(对照组换药费用中位数56.94元,试验组换药费用中位数10.20元,Z=-8.990,P<0.001);试验组患者局部疼痛和瘙痒评分低于对照组(Z=-12.079,Z=-12.194,均P<0.001),组间比较,差异有统计学意义;两组患者均未发生穿刺点感染。结论乳腺癌患者PICC置管后应用藻酸盐敷料加压包扎穿刺点,可将24h穿刺点未发生渗血者首次换药时间延长至置管后7d,该方法减少了穿刺点渗血发生率,增加患者舒适度,同时减少换药次数和换药费用,从而减少护士工作量。
