Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the...Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.展开更多
Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are relat...Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.展开更多
管鼻蝠（Murina）隶属于翼手目（Chiroptera）蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）,为森林性小型蝙蝠,遍布整个亚洲大陆,从巴基斯坦东北部到西伯利亚、韩国、日本直至澳大利亚南部（Corbet and Hill,1992）。Simmons（2005）记录世界上管鼻蝠属...管鼻蝠（Murina）隶属于翼手目（Chiroptera）蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）,为森林性小型蝙蝠,遍布整个亚洲大陆,从巴基斯坦东北部到西伯利亚、韩国、日本直至澳大利亚南部（Corbet and Hill,1992）。Simmons（2005）记录世界上管鼻蝠属有17种,之后陆续发表了17个管鼻蝠新种（或亚种提升为种）。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770293)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2005DKA21502)
文摘Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.
基金the Razi University authorities,Kermanshah,for their help and support of this study。
文摘Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution.The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species,degree of specialization,size and movement skills,and such factors.Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change.Therefore,predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them.Species distribution models(SDMs)are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence.Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae)inhabiting the southeastern,southern,and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain.To study the effect of climate change on this species,range shifts and coverage of protected regions,74 presence points and environmental variables(climate,topography,anthropogenic,and vegetation)in MaxEnt software were used.Before the implementation of the model,the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid.Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene,Current,Climate Current,and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6,and RCP8.5).In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche,the Schoener’s D and I statistic metrics were used.Also,to measure the breadth of the niches,B1(inverse concentration)and B2(uncertainty)metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed.TSS statistics were used as a threshold.Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK)test.Based on the results,the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85,respectively.The distance from settlement,soil organic carbon,and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species;and among the climatic variables,Isothermality(Bio3),Temperature Seasonality(Bio4),and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5)had the greatest impact on species distribution.The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070,the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value<0.05),habitat fragmentation will be reduced,and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38%of total Iran).This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges,and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species.In response to current climate change,migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study.Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks,Wildlife refuges,and Protected areas),protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.
文摘管鼻蝠（Murina）隶属于翼手目（Chiroptera）蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidae）,为森林性小型蝙蝠,遍布整个亚洲大陆,从巴基斯坦东北部到西伯利亚、韩国、日本直至澳大利亚南部（Corbet and Hill,1992）。Simmons（2005）记录世界上管鼻蝠属有17种,之后陆续发表了17个管鼻蝠新种（或亚种提升为种）。
