The function of exogenous alanine(Ala)in regulating biomass accumulation,lipid production,photosynthesis,and respiration in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied.Result shows that the supplementation of Ala increased C.py...The function of exogenous alanine(Ala)in regulating biomass accumulation,lipid production,photosynthesis,and respiration in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied.Result shows that the supplementation of Ala increased C.pyrenoidosa biomass and lipid production in an 8-d batch culture.The concentration of 10 mmol/L of Ala was optimum and increased the microalgal cell biomass and lipid content by 39.3%and 21.4%,respectively,compared with that in the control(0-mmol/L Ala).Ala supplementation reduced photosynthetic activity while boosting respiratory activity and pyruvate levels,indicating that C.pyrenoidosa used exogenous Ala for biomass accumulation through the respiratory metabolic process.The accelerated respiratory metabolism due to Ala supplementation elevated the substrate pool and improved the lipogenic gene expression,promoting lipid production at last.This study provided a novel method for increasing biomass accumulation and lipid production and elucidated the role of Ala in regulating lipid production.展开更多
Food waste is recognized as a valuable source for potential agricultural applications to supply organic matter and nutrients to arable soil.However,the information on the combined application of food waste and the pla...Food waste is recognized as a valuable source for potential agricultural applications to supply organic matter and nutrients to arable soil.However,the information on the combined application of food waste and the plant growth-promoting bacterial strain,Chlorella,related to plant metabolic features and sodium chloride content in arable soil is limited.The present study was conducted to investigate the exogenous application of food waste along with Chlorella,which improved the physio-morphological features of red pepper.Our results revealed that this combination enhanced the organic matter in the soil,ultimately improving the fertility rate of the soil,and the physio-morphological features,such as chlorophyll a content(24.5±0.7),root(7.8±0.7)cm and shoot length(12.1±0.7)cm,fresh weight(2.1±0.05)g,dry weight(0.19±0.05)g,mineral contents,and hormonal concentration(ABA by up to 2 folds).The combined treatment also minimized free radicals via the activation of the intrinsic antioxidant series cascade and electrolyte leakage.Our findings showed that adding Chlorella and food wastes improved growth characteristics and can be used as a green bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.展开更多
With the present day rise of interest in acquiring sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry,there has been an emphasis on finding natural resources to replace the use of synthetic compounds used in products.Micro...With the present day rise of interest in acquiring sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry,there has been an emphasis on finding natural resources to replace the use of synthetic compounds used in products.Microalgae have garnered significant attention owing to their natural and sustainable capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds.Therefore,this study aims to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Chlorella strains from a tropical region(Chlorella UMACC 051 and Chlorella UMACC 038)and a polar region(Chlorella UMACC 250 and Chlorella UMACC 234).The cultures were grown for 10 d.At the end of the experiment,the specific growth rate,chlorophyll-a content,carotenoid content,biomass,and biochemical composition such as carbohydrate,protein and lipid content were determined.In addition,the phytochemical properties were determined using a total phenolic assay while the antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH).Of all Chlorella strains tested,the tropical Chlorella UMACC 051 showed the fastest growth rate and biomass while the polar Chlorella UMACC 234 contained the highest pigment content and tropical Chlorella UMACC 038 has the highest total phenolic content.The biochemical composition analysis showed all strains have a high lipid content ranging from 45.36%to 60.30%dry weight.All Chlorella strains exhibited a small amount of antioxidant activity(15.42%to 30.15%)and total phenolic content ranging from 1.91±0.04 to 4.43±0.10 mg GAE·g–1 dry weight.The results indicated that polar Chlorella UMACC 234 has the most potential in containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds.展开更多
In this study, an effective environment for Chlorella vulgaris growth is sought after. As a substitute source of food and feed, increasing the cell density of Chlorella culture is one of the keys to ensuring sustainab...In this study, an effective environment for Chlorella vulgaris growth is sought after. As a substitute source of food and feed, increasing the cell density of Chlorella culture is one of the keys to ensuring sustainability. It can be showed from different studies that optimum light intensity and pH could increase cell density. In this study, the effects of light and pH on the growth rate of C. vulgaris were observed in photobioreactor. A specific wavelength (682 nm) was determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to carry out the further analysis. The light intensities were set at 7409, 9261 and 11,113 lux;pH values were set at 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The experimental results depicted the light intensity of 9261 lux as the best due to the higher number of cells (48.56 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL) obtained using this intensity. In terms of pH, without pH control, cell numbers were found to be highest under the light intensity of 9261 lux. When pH was controlled, it was found that under the optimum light intensity, pH control between 7.0 and 7.5 was the optimum range for the growth of C. vulgaris. Moreover, this method of study may possibly be a promising source of low cost culture for Chlorella vulgaris.展开更多
Background and Purpose: Thrombotic disease is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The development of atherosclerosis is a major underlying pathogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesions are largely related to...Background and Purpose: Thrombotic disease is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The development of atherosclerosis is a major underlying pathogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesions are largely related to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and improvement of dietary habits is of great significance. Chlorella is a unicellular organism belonging to the green algae family, and is consumed worldwide as a functional food for the purpose of health promotion due to its excellent nutritional balance including high quality protein. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term consumption of Chlorella as a food on the development of atherosclerosis and its ability to dissolve thrombi caused by the disruption of the atherosclerotic layer as a functional study of Chlorella. Methods: ApoE<sup>−/−</sup> and Ldlr<sup>−/−</sup> double-knockout mice were fed a chlorella-supplemented experimental diet for 14 weeks. The Entire aorta method was used to measure atherosclerosis development, and the area of sclerotic vessels was evaluated as a percentage of the total area of vessels. In addition, mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and blood vessels were analyzed, as well as blood lipoprotein analysis. Spontaneous thrombolytic activity was measured by measuring the change in volume over time of thrombus formed in microvessel running over the cremaster muscle of the mice using the He-Ne laser-induced thrombus model. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in atherosclerosis development compared to the placebo group. However, a significant decrease in SREBP-1 mRNA level and a significant increase in mRNA levels of LXR and CPY71a were observed in the chlorella group. Cholesterol and TG levels in each lipoprotein fraction did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, thrombolysis in vivo was not significantly different between the two groups in terms of thrombus volume at 60 minutes after thrombus formation. However, a trend toward decreased PAI-1 and TAFI mRNA expression levels was observed in the chlorella group. Conclusion: Intake of chlorella as a food suggested an effect on cholesterol catabolism, increased bile acid synthesis, improved lipid metabolism, and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it was suggested that chlorella may suppress the expression of fibrinolytic inhibitory factor and enhance thrombolytic activity.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32002411,42276189)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for College Students of Hohai University(No.2022102941027)the Jiangsu Innovation Center for Marine Bioresources(No.822153216)。
文摘The function of exogenous alanine(Ala)in regulating biomass accumulation,lipid production,photosynthesis,and respiration in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied.Result shows that the supplementation of Ala increased C.pyrenoidosa biomass and lipid production in an 8-d batch culture.The concentration of 10 mmol/L of Ala was optimum and increased the microalgal cell biomass and lipid content by 39.3%and 21.4%,respectively,compared with that in the control(0-mmol/L Ala).Ala supplementation reduced photosynthetic activity while boosting respiratory activity and pyruvate levels,indicating that C.pyrenoidosa used exogenous Ala for biomass accumulation through the respiratory metabolic process.The accelerated respiratory metabolism due to Ala supplementation elevated the substrate pool and improved the lipogenic gene expression,promoting lipid production at last.This study provided a novel method for increasing biomass accumulation and lipid production and elucidated the role of Ala in regulating lipid production.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant Funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(No.2022R1A2C1008993).
文摘Food waste is recognized as a valuable source for potential agricultural applications to supply organic matter and nutrients to arable soil.However,the information on the combined application of food waste and the plant growth-promoting bacterial strain,Chlorella,related to plant metabolic features and sodium chloride content in arable soil is limited.The present study was conducted to investigate the exogenous application of food waste along with Chlorella,which improved the physio-morphological features of red pepper.Our results revealed that this combination enhanced the organic matter in the soil,ultimately improving the fertility rate of the soil,and the physio-morphological features,such as chlorophyll a content(24.5±0.7),root(7.8±0.7)cm and shoot length(12.1±0.7)cm,fresh weight(2.1±0.05)g,dry weight(0.19±0.05)g,mineral contents,and hormonal concentration(ABA by up to 2 folds).The combined treatment also minimized free radicals via the activation of the intrinsic antioxidant series cascade and electrolyte leakage.Our findings showed that adding Chlorella and food wastes improved growth characteristics and can be used as a green bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
基金supported by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/STG01/TAYLOR/02/1)Taylor’s University for the support for this project
文摘With the present day rise of interest in acquiring sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry,there has been an emphasis on finding natural resources to replace the use of synthetic compounds used in products.Microalgae have garnered significant attention owing to their natural and sustainable capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds.Therefore,this study aims to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Chlorella strains from a tropical region(Chlorella UMACC 051 and Chlorella UMACC 038)and a polar region(Chlorella UMACC 250 and Chlorella UMACC 234).The cultures were grown for 10 d.At the end of the experiment,the specific growth rate,chlorophyll-a content,carotenoid content,biomass,and biochemical composition such as carbohydrate,protein and lipid content were determined.In addition,the phytochemical properties were determined using a total phenolic assay while the antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH).Of all Chlorella strains tested,the tropical Chlorella UMACC 051 showed the fastest growth rate and biomass while the polar Chlorella UMACC 234 contained the highest pigment content and tropical Chlorella UMACC 038 has the highest total phenolic content.The biochemical composition analysis showed all strains have a high lipid content ranging from 45.36%to 60.30%dry weight.All Chlorella strains exhibited a small amount of antioxidant activity(15.42%to 30.15%)and total phenolic content ranging from 1.91±0.04 to 4.43±0.10 mg GAE·g–1 dry weight.The results indicated that polar Chlorella UMACC 234 has the most potential in containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds.
文摘In this study, an effective environment for Chlorella vulgaris growth is sought after. As a substitute source of food and feed, increasing the cell density of Chlorella culture is one of the keys to ensuring sustainability. It can be showed from different studies that optimum light intensity and pH could increase cell density. In this study, the effects of light and pH on the growth rate of C. vulgaris were observed in photobioreactor. A specific wavelength (682 nm) was determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to carry out the further analysis. The light intensities were set at 7409, 9261 and 11,113 lux;pH values were set at 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The experimental results depicted the light intensity of 9261 lux as the best due to the higher number of cells (48.56 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL) obtained using this intensity. In terms of pH, without pH control, cell numbers were found to be highest under the light intensity of 9261 lux. When pH was controlled, it was found that under the optimum light intensity, pH control between 7.0 and 7.5 was the optimum range for the growth of C. vulgaris. Moreover, this method of study may possibly be a promising source of low cost culture for Chlorella vulgaris.
文摘Background and Purpose: Thrombotic disease is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The development of atherosclerosis is a major underlying pathogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesions are largely related to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and improvement of dietary habits is of great significance. Chlorella is a unicellular organism belonging to the green algae family, and is consumed worldwide as a functional food for the purpose of health promotion due to its excellent nutritional balance including high quality protein. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term consumption of Chlorella as a food on the development of atherosclerosis and its ability to dissolve thrombi caused by the disruption of the atherosclerotic layer as a functional study of Chlorella. Methods: ApoE<sup>−/−</sup> and Ldlr<sup>−/−</sup> double-knockout mice were fed a chlorella-supplemented experimental diet for 14 weeks. The Entire aorta method was used to measure atherosclerosis development, and the area of sclerotic vessels was evaluated as a percentage of the total area of vessels. In addition, mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and blood vessels were analyzed, as well as blood lipoprotein analysis. Spontaneous thrombolytic activity was measured by measuring the change in volume over time of thrombus formed in microvessel running over the cremaster muscle of the mice using the He-Ne laser-induced thrombus model. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in atherosclerosis development compared to the placebo group. However, a significant decrease in SREBP-1 mRNA level and a significant increase in mRNA levels of LXR and CPY71a were observed in the chlorella group. Cholesterol and TG levels in each lipoprotein fraction did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, thrombolysis in vivo was not significantly different between the two groups in terms of thrombus volume at 60 minutes after thrombus formation. However, a trend toward decreased PAI-1 and TAFI mRNA expression levels was observed in the chlorella group. Conclusion: Intake of chlorella as a food suggested an effect on cholesterol catabolism, increased bile acid synthesis, improved lipid metabolism, and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it was suggested that chlorella may suppress the expression of fibrinolytic inhibitory factor and enhance thrombolytic activity.
文摘为了揭示二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)在小球藻油脂合成过程中的作用,对单细胞小球藻Chlorella variabilis NC64A的二酰甘油酰基转移酶进行原核克隆表达及功能初步研究。结果表明,其编码序列为894bp,编码297个氨基酸,表达蛋白的表观分子量为33 k Da,p I 9.48。保守结构域分析表明,该蛋白属于Lysophospholipid acyltransferases(LPLATs)超家族,具有二酰甘油酰基转移酶活性,序列位点H68,L71,F76,R94,I97和GAA(144?146)组成特定的酰基受体结合口袋,能够结合酰基?酰基载体蛋白(ACP)或者酰基辅酶A上的酰基,催化三酰甘油合成的最后一步。表达蛋白与Ss PDAT和At PDAT的序列相似性分别为32%和24%,表明该蛋白可能具有磷脂酰甘油酰基转移酶(PDAT)活性,能利用磷脂上的酰基合成三酰甘油。因此,采用薄层层析方法以L-α-磷脂酰胆碱和1,2-二油酰-sn-甘油为底物,检测到其确实具有PDAT活性,表明限氮条件下NC64A中DGAT的PDAT活性可能促进了膜脂降解耦合三酰甘油的合成。
