Rosuvastatin Reduces Plasma Small Dense Ldl-Cholesterol Predominantly in Non-Diabetic Hypercholesterolemic Patients

Aims: Small dense LDL (sdLDL) cholesterol is considered a cardiovascular risk. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing sdLDL and large buoyant LDL (lbLDL-C) in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Fifty-six patients with a mean baseline LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration of 173.9 ± 40.5 mg/dL were treated with rosuvastatin 2.5 mg/day for 12 weeks. LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and apolipoprotein (apo) B were assessed and l lbLDL-C was calculated (LDL-C minus sdLDL-C). Results: After 12-week treatment with rosuvastatin 2.5mg, sdLDL-C and lbLDL-C were significantly reduced from 62.1 ± 23.8 mg/dL to 34.0 ± 13.4 mg/dL, p <0.001 and 112.7 ± 34.9 mg/dL to 77.2± 29.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001 respectively, and sdLDL-C/lbLDL-C ratio and apo B also decreased significantly, from 0.36 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.02, p < 0.005 and 134.2 ± 4.3 to 93.6 ± 3.5 mg/dl, p < 0.001, respectively. In diabetic subjects there was significant correlation between percent reductions in the plasma triglyceride and sdLDL-C/ lbLDL-C ratio (r = 0.58, p < 0.005), but not between the percentage decrease in plasma triglyceride and sdLDL-C. Conclusions: Treatment with rosuvastatin is associated with significant reduction in sdLDL, lbLDL and sdLDL/lbLDL ratio.

Lower Baseline LDL Cholesterol Affects All-cause Mortality in Patients with First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective Foreign studies have reported that coronary artery disease(CAD) patients with high baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) may have a good prognosis, which is called the “cholesterol paradox”. This study aimed to examine whether the “cholesterol paradox” also exists in the Chinese population.Methods A total of 2,056 patients who underwent the first percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)between 2014 and 2016 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study and classified into two groups based on baseline LDL-C = 2.6 mmol/L(100 mg/d L). The outcomes of interest included major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE), all-cause mortality, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction, unexpected coronary revascularization, or any nonfatal stroke.Results All-cause mortality occurred in 8 patients(0.7%) from the low-LDL-C group and 12 patients(2.4%) in the high-LDL-C group, with a significant difference between the two groups(adjusted hazard ratio: 4.030, 95% confidence interval: 1.088–14.934;P = 0.037). However, no significant differences existed for the risk of MACE or other secondary endpoints, such as unexpected revascularization, nor any nonfatal stroke in the two groups.Conclusion In this study, a high baseline LDL-C was not associated with a low risk of clinical outcomes in CAD patients undergoing first PCI, which suggested that the “cholesterol paradox” may be inapplicable to Chinese populations.

Correlation between LDL-cholesterol and C-reactive protein among an apparently healthy population in the city of Athens

Background: The atherogenic LDL is an impor-tant generative cause for the endothelial dys-function and the configuration of the athero-sclerotic lesions. CRP is a sensitive marker of inflammation on the vascular wall, but also seems to participate in the atheromatic process. The correlation between LDL and CRP could form valuable guidelines for the initiation of a treatment with statins for individuals with an increased risk of ischemic incidents. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate a pos-sible correlation between LDL and CRP in an important number of apparently healthy indi-viduals. Methods: The study material consisted of the test results of 260 male and 484 female adults with normal LDL levels who were clini-cally healthy. The correlation between the LDL and the CRP values of this group was investi-gated in this group and CRP was compared with the respective values of a group of 60 male and 204 female adults with elevated LDL levels. Re-sults: It was ascertained that there is not a sta-tistically important correlation between LDL and CRP values in all groups (men, women, total) of the population with normal LDL levels. Addi-tionally, the CRP mean values were not statisti-cally different between the individuals with normal and raised LDL. Conclusion: A number of causes are incriminated for the results. More studies are definitely needed for the confirma-tion of the results, particularly if the findings could lead to the formation of guidelines for the application of a treatment in people with normal LDL levels but increased CRP levels.

Ezetimibe Completely Replaced LDL-Apheresis for the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Coronary Artery Disease after CABG—A Case Report

Intensive treatment of hyperlipidemia is an important factor in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Among several therapies, statins are well recognized as playing a central role, although low density lipoprotein bound cholesterol-apheresis can be used to treat very severe cases of familial hypercholesterolemia. However, statins are not always effective on their own and, recently, ezetimibe has emerged as a unique anti- hypercholesterolemic drug that acts as a cholesterol transporter inhibitor;its role is only partially understood. I experienced rare case that appeared to benefit from ezetimibe therapy, and report them as they help increase our knowledge of this novel drug.

The New Molecular Entity Evolocumab, One Kind of PCSK9 Inhibitor, Reduce Plasma Small Size LDL-Cholesterol Levels by Using a New Standardized Method of Measuring LDL Size

Aims: There has been no evidence on the effects of evolocumab, protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, on small size LDL. We observationally investigated the efficacy and side effects of evolocumab on the LDL subfraction particle diameter using PAGE system for lipoprotein analysis. Methods: We defined 30 patients with high-risk hyperlipidemia. As for analysis of LDL subfraction profile, we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis three methods: 1) 3% nondenatured poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis method (3%PAGE), 2) 2% - 16% nondenatured poly-acrylamide gradient gel electro-phoresis method (2% - 16% GGE) and 3) 2.7% - 5% GGE. Evolocumab 140 mg/day administered together with statin significantly improved serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-dense lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C after four-week treatment. Results: TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels were improved by, respectively, 33%, 20%, 10%, and 54%. The mean LDL size significantly increased from 25.6 ± 0.4 nm to 26.4 ± 0.8 nm. The small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C), large buoyant LDL-cholesterol (lbLDL-C), and mid-band lipoprotein-cholesterol were reduced, respectively. Therefore, the preliminary study on this paper can be the first step into a new insight on the world of lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Short-term administration of evolocumab addedons to statin therapy, significantly reduced small size LDL levels.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Dietary Fats Differentially Affect Hepatic ACAT Activity and LDL-Cholesterol in Postweanling Pigs Fed Low-Fat Diets

ABSTRACT：Two separate studies tested the hypoth- esis that plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C ） can be decreased by conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） by depressing hepatic acyl-coenzyme A： cholesterol acyltransferase （ACAT） activity. In the first experiment, 3 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed low-fat diets containing either 1.5% CLA, 1.5% corn oil or 1.5% beef tallow;fat provided 8% of the energy intake. In the second experiment, 4 groups of 6 early-weaned piglets were fed high-fat di- ets containing either 15% beef tallow, 12% beef tal- low plus 3% CLA, 15% corn oil, or 12% corn oil plus 3% CLA; fat provided 29% of energy intake. Cholesterol was balanced across diets in both experi-ments. In pigs fed the low-fat diets, all dietary fats in- creased LDL-C and triacylglycerols and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （ HDL-C ） and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）. LDL-C was the same in pigs fed low-fat tallow or low-fat CLA diets. However, ACAT activity was near- ly 80% higher in pigs fed the low-fat tallow diet than in pigs fed the low-fat CLA diets. All high-fat diets increased LDL-C, HDL-C and triacylglycerols equally with no effect on VLDL-C. There were no unique fat- ty acid effects of the high-fat diets on ACAT activity. We conclude that supplemental fats had differential effects on hepatic ACAT activity and LDL-C, but on- ly in pigs fed low-fat diets.

Treatment with β-sitosterol ameliorates the effects of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing cholesterol overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis

β-Sitosterol is a type of phytosterol that occurs naturally in plants.Previous studies have shown that it has anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-tumor effects,but it is unknown whetherβ-sitosterol treatment reduces the effects of ischemic stroke.Here we found that,in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion,β-sitosterol reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and brain edema,reduced neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue,and alleviated neurological dysfunction;moreover,β-sitosterol increased the activity of oxygen-and glucose-deprived cerebral cortex neurons and reduced apoptosis.Further investigation showed that the neuroprotective effects ofβ-sitosterol may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by intracellular cholesterol accumulation after ischemic stroke.In addition,β-sitosterol showed high affinity for NPC1L1,a key transporter of cholesterol,and antagonized its activity.In conclusion,β-sitosterol may help treat ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuronal intracellular cholesterol overload/endoplasmic reticulum stress/apoptosis signaling pathways.

Causal associations between intermediate very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-total lipids ratio and peptic ulcer:A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic investigations have consistently demonstrated a strong association between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-lowdensity lipoprotein(VLDL)and the occurrence of peptic ulcers(PU).However,the precise causal relationship between these factors remains ambiguous.Consequently,this study aims to elucidate the potential correlation between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL and the incidence of peptic ulcer.AIM To investigate the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)association with PU via genetic methods,guiding future clinical research.METHODS Genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets for the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL and peptic ulcer were retrieved from the IEU OpenGWAS project(https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk).For the forward Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis,72 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified as instrumental variables.These SNPs were selected based on their association with the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL,with peptic ulcer as the outcome variable.Conversely,for the inverse MR analysis,no SNPs were identified with peptic ulcer as the exposure variable and the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in intermediate VLDL as the outcome.All MR analyses utilized inverse variance weighted(IVW)as the primary analytical method.Additionally,weighted median and MR-Egger methods were employed as supplementary analytical approaches to assess causal effects.Egger regression was used as a supplementary method to evaluate potential directional pleiotropy.Heterogeneity and multiplicity tests were conducted using the leave-one-out method to evaluate result stability and mitigate biases associated with multiple testing.RESULTS The genetically predicted ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL was significantly associated with an elevated risk of peptic ulcer(IVW:OR=2.557,95%CI=1.274-5.132,P=0.008).However,no causal association of peptic ulcer with the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL was observed in the inverse Mendelian randomization analysis.CONCLUSION In conclusion,our study reveals a significant association between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL and an elevated risk of peptic ulcers.However,further validation through laboratory investigations and larger-scale studies is warranted to strengthen the evidence and confirm the causal relationship between these factors.

HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测在2型糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值

目的:探究糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)联合检测在2型糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值。方法:选取2019年1月—2021年12月南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院收治的120例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象。根据患者是否发生糖尿病肾病将其分为合并肾病组(n=35)和未合并肾病组(n=85)。收集两组患者一般资料。检测两组Hb A1c、LDL-C、HDL-C。比较两组一般资料及Hb A1c、LDL-C、HDL-C水平。分析2型糖尿病肾病的危险因素。分析HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C对2型糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。结果:合并肾病组糖尿病病程长于未合并肾病组,吸烟史占比高于未合并肾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并肾病组HbA1c、LDL-C水平均高于未合并肾病组,HDL-C水平低于未合并肾病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic分析结果显示,HbA1c、LDL-C、吸烟史、糖尿病病程均是2型糖尿病患者合并糖尿病肾病的危险因素,HDL-C是保护因素(P<0.05)。HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测的AUC最高。结论:HbA1c、LDL-C、HDL-C联合检测应用于2型糖尿病肾病诊断中,具有较高的诊断价值,为临床对2型糖尿病肾病的早期诊断提供新思路。

Hepatic steatosis is associated with dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and altered protein acetylation dynamics in chickens

Background Hepatic steatosis is a prevalent manifestation of fatty liver, that has detrimental effect on the health and productivity of laying hens, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate the genetic regulatory mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in laying hens.Methods Ninety individuals with the most prominent characteristics were selected from 686 laying hens according to the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, and were graded into three groups, including the control, mild hepatic steatosis and severe hepatic steatosis groups. A combination of transcriptome, proteome, acetylome and lipidome analyses, along with bioinformatics analysis were used to screen the key biological processes, modifications and lipids associated with hepatic steatosis.Results The rationality of the hepatic steatosis grouping was verified through liver biochemical assays and RNA-seq. Hepatic steatosis was characterized by increased lipid deposition and multiple metabolic abnormalities. Integration of proteome and acetylome revealed that differentially expressed proteins(DEPs) interacted with differentially acetylated proteins(DAPs) and were involved in maintaining the metabolic balance in the liver. Acetylation alterations mainly occurred in the progression from mild to severe hepatic steatosis, i.e., the enzymes in the fatty acid oxidation and bile acid synthesis pathways were significantly less acetylated in severe hepatic steatosis group than that in mild group(P < 0.05). Lipidomics detected a variety of sphingolipids(SPs) and glycerophospholipids(GPs) were negatively correlated with hepatic steatosis(r ≤-0.5, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the severity of hepatic steatosis was associated with a decrease in cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and an increase in exogenous cholesterol transport.Conclusions In addition to acquiring a global and thorough picture of hepatic steatosis in laying hens, we were able to reveal the role of acetylation in hepatic steatosis and depict the changes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. The findings provides a wealth of information to facilitate a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of fatty liver and contributes to the development of therapeutic strategies.

Cholesterol and Sericin as First Aid for Damaged Cells

Cells are surrounded by a double-layered phospholipid cell membrane responsible for the isolation of intracellular contents, active regulation of uptake from the extracellular environment, and intercellular connection and communication. These cell membranes must be intact and functionally active for cell survival and biological functioning. Compromised damage repair mechanisms usually result in impaired cellular homeostasis, leading to early or late problems. Chronic myopathies, certain myocardial diseases, aging, and acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases (like Parkinson and Alzheimer) are directly related to cell membrane damage. This study examined the effect of a cholesterol-loaded nanoparticle (methyl-beta cyclodextrin) or the silk protein sericin on cell membrane and DNA integrity and cell viability in an in vitro cell damage model (frozen-thawed rabbit sperm cells). The cells were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), thawed in small batches, and treated with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin or sericin before incubation at 35°C for 4 hours. Cell membrane integrity, DNA damage, and viability rates were assessed immediately after thawing and after the incubation period. The administration of sericin and cholesterol in a cell damage model increased cell survival and reduced DNA damage over a 4-hour post-thaw incubation period, suggesting their potential use as a “first aid” intervention at the cellular level.

Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage

Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions,such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability,the synthesis of steroid hormones,and myelination.Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system.The brain contains 20%of the whole body’s cholesterol,80%of which is located within myelin.A huge number of processes(e.g.,the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway)participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis,intracellular transport,and efflux.Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences.Therefore,we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases.Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype,with high mortality and morbidity.Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.Moreover,secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation,such as neuroinflammation,demyelination,and multiple types of programmed cell death.Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage.In this paper,we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system,the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage,and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death.We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Biochemistry and transcriptome analysis reveal condensed tannins alleviate liver injury induced by regulating cholesterol metabolism pathway

Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.

Inhibitory effect of procyanidin B2 and tannin acid on cholesterol esterase and their synergistic effect with orlistat

This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2(PC)and tannin acid(TA)on the activities of cholesterol esterase(CEase)and the inhibitory mechanisms of enzymatic activity.The interaction mechanisms were investigated by enzymatic kinetics,multi-spectroscopy methods,thermodynamics analysis,molecular docking,and dynamic simulations.PC and TA could bind with CEase and inhibit the activity of enzyme in a mixed-competitive manner and non-competitive manner,which was verified by molecular docking simulations and dynamics simulations.Also,PC and TA showed the synergistic inhibition with orlistat.Fluorescence,UVvis and the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the complexes were formed from CEase and inhibitors by noncovalent interaction.As revealed by the circular dichroism results,both PC and TA decreased enzymatic activities by altering the conformations of CEase.The inhibition of PC and TA on CEase might be one mechanism for its cholesterol-lowering effect.

Associations between remnant cholesterol levels and mortality in patients with diabetes

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is frequently present in patients with diabetes.The associations of remnant cholesterol and mortality remains unclear in patients with diabetes.AIM To explore the associations of remnant cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovas-cular mortality in patients with diabetes.METHODS This prospective cohort study included 4740 patients with diabetes who par-ticipated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 through 2018.Remnant cholesterol was used as the exposure variable,and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were considered outcome events.Outcome data were obtained from the National Death Index,and all participants were followed from the interview date until death or December 31,2019.Multivariate proportional Cox regression models were used to explore the associations between exposure and outcomes,in which remnant cholesterol was modeled as both a categorical and a continuous variable.Restricted cubic splines(RCSs)were calculated to assess the nonlinearity of associations.Subgroup(stratified by sex,age,body mass index,and duration of diabetes)and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the associations.RESULTS During a median follow-up duration of 83 months,1370 all-cause deaths and 389 cardiovascular deaths were documented.Patients with remnant cholesterol levels in the third quartile had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR)95%confidence interval(CI):0.66(0.52-0.85)];however,when remnant cholesterol was modeled as a continuous variable,it was associated with increased risks of all-cause[HR(95%CI):1.12(1.02-1.21)per SD]and cardiovascular[HR(95%CI):1.16(1.01-1.32),per SD]mortality.The RCS demonstrated nonlinear associations of remnant cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not reveal significant differences from the above results.CONCLUSION In patients with diabetes,higher remnant cholesterol was associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and diabetes patients with slightly higher remnant cholesterol(0.68-1.04 mmol/L)had a lower risk of all-cause mortality.

Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease:insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance

Alzheimer's disease,the primary cause of dementia,is characterized by neuropathologies,such as amyloid plaques,synaptic and neuronal degeneration,and neurofibrillary tangles.Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs,targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease.The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism,playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.Notably,impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism.Furthermore,we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.

LDL-C/HDL-C比值与急性心肌梗死患者主要不良心血管事件的相关性研究

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(LHR)与其院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性及其在临床中的应用价值。方法:收集发病12h内就诊的481例STEMI住院患者的临床资料及MACE发生情况,根据LHR的中位数(2.9)将患者分为低LHR组(LHR≤2.9,n=223)和高LHR组(LHR>2.9,n=258)。分析LHR与STEMI患者院内MACE的相关性。结果:高LHR组患者院内MACE比例均高于低LHR组[恶性室性心律失常:29(11.2%) VS 9(4.0%),P=0.004;高度房室传导阻滞:22(8.5%) VS 6(2.7%),P=0.006;心源性休克+死亡:29(11.2%) VS 7(3.1%),P=0.001]。恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克+死亡患者LHR差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,除高度房室传导阻滞(r=0.060,P>0.05)外,LHR与恶性室性心律失常(r=0.121)、心源性休克和死亡(r=0.115)均显著相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,LHR、空腹血糖是STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线显示LHR预测STEMI患者院内MACE的曲线下面积为0.606(95%CI:0.544~0.668),cut-off值为2.854,敏感度为80.6%,特异度为52.1%;LHR>2.854时STEMI住院患者很可能会发生MACE。结论:STEMI患者LHR升高与恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生呈正相关。LHR是STEMI患者发生MACE的独立危险因素,对恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生有一定的预测价值。

银杏素调节TGF⁃β1/Smad通路对ox⁃LDL诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨银杏素调节转化生长因子⁃β1(TGF⁃β1)/Smad信号通路对ox⁃LDL诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的影响。方法将人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC分为对照组(未处理的HUVEC细胞)、模型组(50μg/mL ox⁃LDL处理的HUVEC细胞)、银杏素组(50μg/mL ox⁃LDL+12.5μmol/L银杏素处理HUVEC细胞)、SRI⁃011381组(50μg/mL ox⁃LDL+10μmol/L的TGF⁃β1/Smad激活剂SRI⁃011381处理HUVEC细胞)、银杏素+SRI⁃011381组(50μg/mL ox⁃LDL+12.5μmol/L银杏素+10μmol/L的SRI⁃011381共同处理HUVEC细胞)。ELISA试剂盒检测HUVEC细胞丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、IL⁃6、IL⁃1β、TNF⁃α水平;CCK⁃8法检测HUVEC细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测HUVEC细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)、TGF⁃β1/Smad通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,模型组IL⁃1β、IL⁃6、TNF⁃α、MDA水平、细胞凋亡率、TGF⁃β1、Smad3、神经型钙黏附蛋白(N⁃cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05),A值、GSH、SOD水平、上皮钙黏附素(E⁃cadherin)蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,银杏素组IL⁃1β、IL⁃6、TNF⁃α、MDA水平、细胞凋亡率、TGF⁃β1、Smad3、N⁃cadherin、Vimentin蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05),A值、GSH、SOD水平、E⁃cadherin蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05),而SRI⁃011381组趋势相反,SRI⁃011381减弱了银杏素对ox⁃LDL诱导的HUVEC细胞损伤的抑制作用。结论银杏素可能通过下调TGF⁃β1/Smad信号通路对ox⁃LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤起到改善作用。

苍柴调中方辅助改善肝郁脾虚型肥胖2型糖尿病的疗效及对胰岛素抵抗、FFA、LDL-C水平的影响

目的:探讨苍柴调中方辅助改善肝郁脾虚型肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效,并分析其对胰岛素抵抗、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平的影响。方法:选取2020年4月至2023年4月该院收治的肝郁脾虚型肥胖T2DM患者100例,根据随机数字表法分为两组,各50例。对照组患者使用二甲双胍治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合苍柴调中方辅助治疗。观察两组患者的治疗效果,比较两组患者治疗前后中医症状积分、糖代谢指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]、血清FFA、LDL-C、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的差异,并对不良反应发生率进行统计。结果:观察组患者的治疗总有效率高于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者倦怠乏力、精神抑郁、脘腹闷胀及大便黏滞等中医症状积分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后的FBG、HOMA-IR、FINS水平均明显降低,其中观察组患者治疗后的FINS、FBG及HOMA-IR水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后的血清LDL-C、FFA、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:苍柴调中方辅助治疗可明显提高肝郁脾虚型肥胖T2DM患者的治疗效果,改善胰岛素抵抗,下调血清FFA、LDL-C水平。

倍他乐克在老年冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用效果及LDL水平影响评价

倍他乐克在老年冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用效果及LDL水平影响评价。方法 我们选择了180名老年冠心病心绞痛患者作为研究对象,他们被分为了两个小组,每个小组都有90个人。对照组采用传统的治疗方案,观察组采用倍他乐克。对总有效率和低密度脂蛋白浓度的影响进行了比较。结果 治疗后,观察组总体疗效好于对照组,低密度脂蛋白等各项指标的缓解情况好于对照组,而观察组在心脏功能方面则明显好于对照组。结论 倍他乐克能显著提高老年冠心病心绞痛病人的总体疗效,降低 LDL含量,具有较好的临床应用价值。