Understanding Urban Vitality from the Economic and Human Activities Perspective:A Case Study of Chongqing,China

The literature on urban vitality tends to focus on the built environment.This paper argues that some important processes in shaping vitality may be overlooked without examining the intensity and diversity of economic and human activities.Using newly developed spatial big data and adopting the methods of multi-indicator measurement and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the pattern of urban vitality in Chongqing,a provincial city in western China and,on this basis,evaluated the creation and maintenance of urban vitality from the economic and human activities perspective.Our findings indicate that the impacts of economic and human activities are positive and significant.Among the three intensity and diversity indicators,economic intensity and population density show an effect on urban vitality stronger than that of economic diversity.However,economic diversity has the strongest superposition or interactive effect,and is thus an important foundation dynamic.The positive effect of population density on urban vitality is largely a result of Chongqing’s jobs-housing balance.The case of Chongqing highlights the importance of topographic features,historical inheritance,large-scale migration,and cultural activities in shaping the distinctive vitality pattern of a city.This study contends that the creation and maintenance of urban vitality can not be fully explained without incorporating the impacts of economic and human activities.It contributes to a comprehensive measurement of urban vitality and enriches its connotations.

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Changes in Integrated Land Productivity in Chongqing from 1997 to 2023

[Objectives]Integrated land productivity can reflect the comprehensive utilization of land and the overall output level,which is the most basic and commonly used indicator in assessing land use efficiency.This thesis aims to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of integrated land productivity in Chongqing from 1997 to 2023 in order to assess its land use efficiency.[Methods]This study measured the integrated land productivity of Chongqing Municipality,the only municipality directly under the central government in the western part of China,over the past 26 years(1997-2023)through relevant surveys and statistical data,and analyzed in depth the integrated land productivity of the 38 districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Chongqing,as well as the functional sub-districts of the"one district and two clusters"and the"one district and two clusters"in Chongqing.It also analyzes the characteristics of spatial and temporal differences in land productivity in 38 districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Chongqing and"one district and two clusters".[Results]The results of the study show that over the past 26 years,the integrated land productivity of Chongqing has shown an annual growth trend,and the integrated land productivity of the 38 districts and counties and the functional subregions of"one district and two clusters"has also increased significantly,but the average annual growth rate of the integrated land productivity varies among different regions.From the perspective of spatial differences,there are significant differences in land productivity among the 38 districts and counties of Chongqing and the functional subregions of"one district and two clusters",which are mainly due to the different natural conditions,economic development levels and functional positioning of each region.[Conclusions]Based on the results of the study and the actual situation of Chongqing,this paper puts forward the leading measures to improve the integrated land productivity,with a view to providing a reference basis for Chongqing to improve the efficiency of land use and promote the sustainable use of land resources.

Take an Adventure in the Magic 8D City of Chongqing

Renowned as the Mountain City,Chongqing’s landform is uneven and the buildings there are distributed in an intriguing way,such that Chongqing is also known as the“Magic 8D City of China”.You would be hard-pushed find a place anywhere else like Chongqing where you can see a light rail traversing through a high rise.Sounds amazing?Well,it is time for us to explore this magical city.

Measurement and Strategy Research on the Green Development Level for the New Energy Vehicle Industry in Chongqing City

This article takes 2016-2022 as the inspection period to construct an evaluation index system for the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry.The entropy method and comprehensive index are used to measure the green development level of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing,and compared with neighboring provinces such as Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan.Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry in Chongqing City.

Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Tourism and Transport in Chongqing Municipality

By examining the current status of tourism and transport research both domestically and internationally,and analyzing the development trends of Chongqing’s tourism and transport industry,this study evaluates the weight indices and performs a coupling and coordination analysis of various indicators of Chongqing’s tourism and transport industry from 2011 to 2019.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)The value of the comprehensive evaluation function for tourism is higher than that of the transport industry,indicating that Chongqing’s tourism industry is in a period of vigorous development;(2)The degree of coupling coordination development between Chongqing’s tourism and transportation industries from 2011 to 2019 is rising.As the coupling coordination stage continues to improve,the level of coupling coordination also improves,with the overall trend showing a progression from mild dysfunction to primary coordination.Based on these conclusions,corresponding countermeasures are proposed to promote the coupling coordination between tourism and transport in Chongqing,and suggestions are made for the overall improvement of the transport industry and the sustainable development of the tourism industry.

Evaluation of Green Development Efficiency in Chongqing Municipality Based on Super-SBM and Malmquist Models

The green development of Chongqing municipality is crucial in establishing a major ecological shield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.By developing a Super-SBM model and using the Malmquist index to analyze and calculate the green development efficiency and its influencing factors in Chongqing from 2011 to 2021,this study reveals an accelerating trend in the overall green development efficiency in Chongqing.The significant enhancement of green development efficiency in Chongqing is primarily attributed to changes in returns to scale.Pure technical efficiency and technological advancements have a considerable potential impact on improving green development efficiency in Chongqing.Furthermore,there are discernible disparities in green development efficiency among districts and counties in Chongqing,with different factors influencing these variations.Chongqing is suggested to promote clean and efficient energy utilization,bolster the application and commercialization of scientific and technological advancements,consistently advance ecological restoration and management,and elevate the quality of green development to a higher level.

Research on Inheritance and Innovation of Children's Folk Sports Culture in the Junction Area Between Chongqing and Hubei

This paper examines the current status and development dilemma of the children’s folk sports culture in the junction area between Chongqing and Hubei with reference to relevant literature.After the literature review and summary,the study finds there are several factors restricting the inheritance and development of the children’s folk sports culture in the area,including insufficiency of theoretical analysis,weak public support in cities,blind imitation of modern sports culture,and absence of policy support.To address the above problems,we put forward several suggestions to promote the inheritance and development of children’s folk sports game culture.First,we should focus on the theoretical research and cultural dissemination of children’s folk sports culture.Second,we should improve the basic rules of children’s folk sports games.Third,importance should be attached to government support in developing children’s folk sports game culture.Fourth,we should ensure the continuation and inheritance of children’s folk sports culture via school activities.Finally,we should carry forward children’s folk sports culture and explore ways to develop excellent cultural tourism.

Relationship between Rural Industry Revitalization and Land Resource Utilization and Its Practice in Ganning Town, Wanzhou District of Chongqing

[Objectives]To explore the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization.[Methods]Starting from the connotation of rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,this study explores the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,Taking Ganning Town with typical mountain industry as the research area,this paper analyzed the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization through a combination of field research and literature analysis,found out the existing problems and came up with pertinent recommendations.[Results](i)Rural industry revitalization is both mutually reinforcing and mutually restrictive.(ii)In this study,the land use types of Ganning Town were divided into nine categories,including farmland,garden land,forest land and grassland,and their industrial functions and development models were identified,and the corresponding framework of land resource utilization and rural industry revitalization in Ganning Town was constructed.(iii)In view of the problems existing in Ganning Town,this paper proposed to change the ideological concept and enhance understanding,improve the utilization rate of idle land and promote rural industry revitalization,and accelerate land consolidation and restoration,and promote sustainable development.[Conclusions]It is necessary to correctly understand the two-way role and dynamic change relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,solve the problem from the perspective of development,adopt development strategies according to local conditions,and take the road of sustainable development.

Assessing agricultural eco-efficiency in Chongqing,2004-2019

Agricultural eco-efficiency is an important indicator to measure the sustainable development and high-quality development of agriculture.Based on the agricultural input-output data of 37 districts(counties)in Chongqing from 2004 to 2019,this paper uses the static SBM model and the DDF-BML index method to calculate the agricultural eco-efficiency of each district and county in Chongqing and conduct a comparative analysis.The comprehensive analysis of static and dynamic calculation results shows that the agricultural eco-efficiency of Chongqing is low,the agricultural input-output efficiency of various districts and counties is insufficient,and slack variables are common,so the ability of agricultural sustainable development still needs to be improved.The main sources of agricultural eco-efficiency are the progress of agricultural green technology and the efficiency of agricultural green technology.However,as far as the actual situation of Chongqing is concerned,the efficiency of agricultural green technology shows a downward trend,which has an inhibitory effect on the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency.Therefore,in the process of agricultural ecological development in the future,Chongqing will focus on improving the efficiency of agricultural green technology as a starting point,implement agricultural technology innovation and promotion,improve the level of farmers’science and technology and culture,and achieve"technology to the countryside,demonstration to households,and application to the country."At the same time,it is necessary to further improve the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure,and promote the"outward migration"of frontier technologies in agricultural production to radiate agricultural development in surrounding districts and counties.

重庆核桃种质资源表型性状多样性分析

【目的】分析重庆核桃种质资源表型性状多样性,为重庆核桃种质资源客观评价及合理开发利用提供理论参考。【方法】从重庆地区收集了16个实生居群(产区)的181份核桃种质资源,依据国家标准及行业标准对其植株和坚果的28个表型性状(17个质量性状和11个数量性状)进行测定,并分析其变异系数、遗传多样性及各表型性状间的相关性,最后基于表型性状进行聚类分析。【结果】181份核桃种质17个质量性状的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为0~0.87和0~1.93,其中以小叶形状、树冠、核壳表面特征和核仁皮色的多样性较丰富;11个数量性状的变异系数介于8.70%~53.70%,其中单枝结果数变异系数最大,果形指数变异系数最小。16个实生居群181份核桃种质的28个表型性状变异系数为0~67.90%,平均为19.79%;各居群间表型性状变异系数为15.20%~26.38%。181份核桃种质的多样性来源于居群内变异和居群间变异,但居群内的变异起主要作用,且坚果表型性状的变异较其他性状更大。相关分析发现,11个数量性状间的相关系数有29对达到显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)水平,核桃表型数量性状间存在丰富的相关,其中显著正相关的性状有24对,显著负相关的性状有5对。聚类分析结果显示,当遗传距离为22.5时,可将181份核桃种质分为三大类群,来自同一地区的材料分散于各类群中,聚类结果无明显地域性。【结论】重庆具有丰富的核桃种质资源,核桃表型多样性高,其表型变异主要来源于居群内变异;重庆核桃种质资源的亲缘关系与地理来源无明显相关性。

基于地理信息技术的山地城市社区体育文化公园空间分布分析——以重庆市为例

社区体育文化公园作为居民身心健康发展的重要场域,研究其空间分布及影响因素具有重要意义。文章以具有典型山地城市特征的重庆市为例,运用核密度估算法、最小阻抗法、空间插值法和地理探测器对重庆92个社区体育文化公园进行深入分析。研究发现:重庆市社区体育文化公园主要分布在渝中、渝北、南岸、巴南西部临江一带,总体分布与城市发展具有耦合性,其空间分布主要受交通可达性、房价、人口密度和地势等因素影响,其中交通可达性和房价影响较大,人口密度和地势次之。文章提出以区域发展水平为着力点,建设多层级社区体育文化公园;秉持“以人为本”的核心理念,建设“亲民”社区体育文化公园;以山地城市独有的城市形态,丰富社区体育文化公园内部空间结构等优化配置建议,为社区体育文化公园的规划提供重要参考。

重庆示范性海绵型住区海绵系统长期水文-成本综合绩效优化

【目的】中国海绵城市建设已逐步进入优化营建与科学评估阶段。针对已建成海绵型住区,对于海绵系统的长期水文-成本综合绩效的研究较为欠缺。通过对长期水文、成本的量化评估,探讨亚热带季风性湿润气候地区中住区的海绵系统设计方式。【方法】以重庆示范性海绵型住区为研究对象,构建现状水文模型,通过监测数据进行精准校验。以低成本为目标,采用雨水桶及少量生物滞留设施和渗透塘,设定比选方案S1;以高水文绩效为目标,采用生物滞留设施、雨水桶、渗渠、渗透塘、轻薄绿色屋顶等类型丰富的设施,设定比选方案S2。在校验模型基础上构建出比选方案的水文模型,量化评估各方案长期的水文绩效、成本投入及水文-成本综合绩效。【结果】现状方案的年径流总量控制率为75.3%,略低于规划控制目标,且海绵系统建造维护成本相对最高。S1的平均年径流总量控制率为87.2%,其海绵系统的总投入成本最低。S2的平均年径流总量控制率和峰值削减率最优,其长期水文-成本综合绩效相对现状方案提升3.6倍。其中,透水铺装和蓄水池的水文-成本综合绩效最低,雨水桶与渗渠组合的综合绩效最高。【结论】提出在不同应用条件下,住区适宜采用的不同海绵系统设计方式。当住区绿地率条件良好,对水文-成本综合绩效要求较高时,宜采用具有丰富设施类型的S2。对重庆以及有相似降雨条件的亚热带季风性湿润气候地区中海绵型住区的建设优化有积极参考价值。

基于能值分析的成渝地区双城经济圈农业绿色发展评价

农业绿色发展是实现国家“双碳”战略目标、维护国家生态安全的重大举措。依据能值理论与方法,利用成渝地区双城经济圈农业绿色发展相关数据,计量分析成渝地区双城经济圈区域农业生态系统投入能值、产出能值等系统指标,通过能值自给率、能值投资率、可持续指标等能值指标分析区域农业绿色发展状况,得出成渝地区双城经济圈农业绿色发展可持续性良好、具有农业绿色发展竞争优势、农业生态系统对环境造成较大压力等结论,据此提出该区域农业绿色发展对策。

“早佳”杨梅在重庆地区的引种表现及栽培技术要点

“早佳”杨梅是浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所从浙江省兰溪市“荸荠种”杨梅园中利用芽变选育出的早熟新品种,2014年起,重庆市农业科学院果树研究所引种至重庆,开展引种观察和区域试验。结果表明,“早佳”杨梅在重庆地区树势中庸,成熟果实紫黑色,平均单果质量11.8 g,可溶性固形物含量13.2%,可滴定酸含量0.98%,可食率93.22%,在重庆低海拔区域5月下旬成熟,较“荸荠种”杨梅成熟期提早约7 d。“早佳”表现出早熟,抗病,耐高温,果实酸甜适中等特性,适合在重庆适宜地区种植。

基于优化地理探测器的生态环境质量驱动力分析

[目的]克服生态环境质量(EQI)演化驱动因子在离散化过程中的随机性和主观性,优化传统地理探测器。[方法]利用相等间隔法、分位数法、自然断点法、几何间隔法和标准差法5种离散方法,对重庆市22项EQI演化驱动因子进行离散化,并结合地理探测器确定各因子的合理离散法与分类数,从而探究各驱动因子的驱动力大小和各驱动因子间交互模式。[结果](1)2005—2020年重庆市EQI处于I、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级的区县数量占比减少0.211,处于Ⅱ和V级的区县数量占比上升0.211,总体呈下降趋势,在空间上呈由西北向东南走向的梯度分布特征。(2)研究中各离散方法适用性排序为:自然断点法>几何间隔法>分位数法>相等间隔法>标准差法。不同因子适用的离散方法各异,应根据因子数据特征择优选取离散方法。(3)识别出影响重庆市EQI演化的关键驱动因子4个(0.37~0.49),主要驱动因子13个(0.14~0.33)、次要驱动因子4个(0.05~0.13)和其他因子1个(0.04),各驱动因子间交互作用均为双重增强或非线性增强。[结论]合理的离散化可以一定程度上克服连续数据离散化过程中的随机性和主观性,从而优化重庆市EQI演化驱动力探测结果。

成渝双城经济圈职业教育协同提升的现实审视与困境突破

作为与产业发展和民生就业关系最紧密的教育类型,职业教育协同发展是区域协调发展的重要举措。成渝双城经济圈职业教育协同提升已经具备充分的认知动力,包括由经济利益驱使、团队协作、管理调控需要等构成的外源动力及区域发展需要构成的内源动力。协同理论作为成渝双城经济圈职业教育协同提升的理论向导,对标首都经济圈进一步发现成渝职业教育协同提升过程中存在的现实困境,提出战略顶层设计、资源同城共享、产教同化激励、健全共同体平台等实践路径,以期为相关决策的制定与落实提供方向指引。

重庆地区马唐种群对2种乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂类除草剂的敏感性

为高效科学防除重庆地区马唐Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.,采用整株生物测定法,测定了不同马唐种群对2种乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂类除草剂的ED_(50)和相对抗性倍数(RI)。结果表明,不同马唐种群对噁唑酰草胺、烯草酮均产生了不同程度的抗性(相对敏感种群除外);DJSP02对噁唑酰草胺、烯草酮分别表现为中抗(RI=8.78)和低抗(RI=2.10),其ED_(50)分别为377.31 g/hm^(2)和37.97 g/hm^(2);DJSP03对噁唑酰草胺、烯草酮分别表现为低抗(RI=3.18)和中抗(RI=7.56),其ED_(50)分别为136.84 g/hm^(2)和136.93 g/hm^(2),均已产生了正交互抗性。因此,在对重庆地区抗性马唐种群进行防除时宜与其他类型的除草剂混用或交替使用。

山区铁路工程建设后滑坡识别与危险性研究

研究目的:针对山区铁路沿线滑坡灾害隐患人工排查识别困难,提出一种基于遥感数据识别铁路滑坡,并且对铁路滑坡规模与危险性进行定量评估的方法。以兰渝铁路宕昌段为例,利用PS-InSAR(Permanent Scatterers-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)技术和光学遥感影像对研究区域铁路滑坡进行识别,并基于ArcGIS和Massflow平台对滑坡体积、是否对铁路造成威胁进行分析,以制定铁路滑坡减灾策略,保障铁路建设后的正常运行。研究结论:(1)结合PS-InSAR技术与星图地球光学遥感影像识别出2处铁路潜在滑坡,通过分析滑坡累计变形量可知,潜在滑坡明显受降雨影响;(2)基于ArcGIS平台运用倾斜局部基准面法估算了潜在滑坡的滑动面,得到临江铺滑坡体厚度最大为9.9 m,体积为3.1×10^(4)m^(3);黄家滑坡体厚度最大为12.9 m,体积为8.5×10^(4)m^(3);(3)使用Massflow软件对两处滑坡运动过程进行了数值模拟,分析结果表明,一旦发生破坏,滑坡体会冲击铁路桥面,因此建议在雨季对临江铺和黄家潜在滑坡进行重点防治;(4)本文研究可应用于铁路安全监测和灾害预防,为山区铁路沿线区域的滑坡预警与防治提供科学依据。

双城经济圈建设背景下成渝协同辐射效应及其影响因素研究

在国家大力推进成渝地区双城经济圈建设背景下,增强成都、重庆的协同辐射效应,对于加快成渝地区双城经济圈一体化进程、促进区域协调发展、构建新发展格局均具有重要意义。选取2010—2021年成渝地区双城经济圈24个地区的面板数据,运用引力模型、回归分析等方法对成渝协同辐射效应现状和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:①成都、重庆对成渝地区双城经济圈其他地区的协同辐射效应呈现出明显的地域影响效应,对距离较远的地区辐射较弱,这与城市距离、经济集聚度等都有关;②经济发展水平、劳动力素质、资本流动性、交通基础设施、市场化水平和对外开放等因素对成渝协同辐射效应均产生显著负向影响。基于以上结论,应从构建统一市场、完善基础设施、提升城市规模、提供制度保障等方面提升成渝协同辐射效应。

地方政府竞争对土地资源错配的影响研究——基于成渝地区双城经济圈面板数据

成渝地区双城经济圈是我国经济的重要新兴增长极,但其发展相对滞后,经济增长内生动力不足,依靠土地出让的地方政府竞争行为依然普遍存在,不利于土地资源的高效配置。基于政府土地出让视角,构建地方政府博弈模型,选取成渝地区双城经济圈2009—2017年城市面板数据,采用系统GMM的实证研究表明:成渝地区政府竞争与土地资源错配呈现显著的“U”形变化特征,地区经济发展水平是这一影响的重要作用机制;在替换变量和剔除核心城市后,结论依然稳健;此外,由于政府竞争博弈行为的反复特征,土地资源错配程度存在动态循环的正向累积趋势。