Evaluation of Knowledge and Practice regarding Family Planning among Christians Pregnant Women of Gihanga Attending Antenatal Careat Vyizigiro Health Center, Bubanza, Burundi

Introduction: Family planning is an important service for everyone and contributes to the protection of women from unwanted pregnancies. In Burundi, it remains at a low rate due to different factors such as fear of side effects, low education level, and notably religious guidance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice regarding family planning among Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at vyizigiro Health center. Methods: This cross-sectional study of Christians pregnant women attending antenatal care was conducted at Vyizigiro health center of Gihanga, Burundi in May 2021. The data were collected on a small sheet done in English, and translated into Kirundi’s local language. In this study, were included all women fulfilled all criteria, and were excluded from all impregnated women who were not Christians and refused to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: In the current study, among 129 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Vyizigiro Health center in the period of 1 to 30 October 2020, 118 of them were interviewed. The study found that the participants have low knowledge regarding family planning as participants scored less than 50% in all items assessed for knowledge and its practice was hindered by religious guidance (41.7%), while others refused modern contraceptives for fear of side effects (13%), lack of sufficient information about it (7.4%) and 5.6% were denied by their husband. Conclusion: This study found a low knowledge and practice regarding family planning among the Christians pregnant women of Gihanga attending antenatal care at Vyizigiro health center due to their religious beliefs, fear of side effects, and lack of sufficient information or their husband who don’t want family planning services.

组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎一例

组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎(CHP)是一种罕见的临床疾病,以皮下脂肪组织的结节性小叶性脂膜炎为特征,本文报道1例。患者,男,56岁,双侧下肢及上肢反复出现疼痛性红斑、结节,伴发热、白细胞异常升高、周身乏力,抗生素治疗无效。病理活检示真皮可见“豆袋细胞”,最终明确诊断组织细胞吞噬性脂膜炎,给予糖皮质激素治疗后患者皮疹及症状迅速改善。

A 32-Year Systematic Review:Exploring the State of Christian Spirituality and Mental Health Research

This study reviewed scholarly articles on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental health published in academic journals from 1980 to 2022.The review analyzed findings from 44 studies that likely used various research methods like surveys,interviews,and experiments.The results reveal a consistent link between Christian beliefs,such as faith,hope,and love,and positive mental health outcomes.Most studies focused on the therapeutic effects of Christian spirituality in alleviating mental disturbances and improving well-being.However,the review also identified gaps in the literature,including a lack of research on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental illness,small sample sizes,and a lack of cross-cultural and cross-religious investigations.The article emphasizes the importance of addressing these limitations to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between mental health and spirituality.

A Cosmological Neuroscientific Examination of Bertrand Russell’s Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

This work examined Bertrand Russell’s main arguments against the existence of God and his strongly negative opinion on the historic role of religions.These arguments were:(1)The idea that God is a First Cause is invalid because the cosmos doesn’t have to have a beginning;(2)If there were reasons for God to issue the observed natural laws and not others then God Himself was just an intermediary of older laws;(3)Considering all the defects of the world one cannot consider God as an omnipotent designer;(4)If God created both right and wrong then it is no longer a significant statement that God is good;And(5)most people believe in God just because they have been taught from early infancy to do it.The criticisms of cosmological neuroscience were as follows:(1)The particular cosmic wave that carries our Universe could have a beginning;(2)Although there were reasons for the natural laws which God issued,it cannot diminish the divine creativity of this act;(3)Although the world is indeed full of defects,they are as much parts of the cosmic order as its splendors,due to their common roots in the Law of Coexistence in Diversity;(4)Although right and wrong may ultimately be both in God’s blueprint,He is still benevolent due to the Law of Divine-Evil Asymmetry permitting wrong only under the dominance of right;And(5)although many believe in God only because they were taught to do so and hope it provides safety,this is an oversimplification unable to explain the genuine Faith of others.The devastating judgement of Russel that religions have been just“a source of untold misery to the human race”was also examined.This brief article could not detail all the positive social changes with which the religions of goodness(e.g.,Abrahamic religions)enriched history,such as introducing the respect for human life.But the paper did remind the reader of the God-inspired work of Lao Tzu,Rumi,Michelangelo,the Bach-interpreting Leonard Bernstein,Mother Teresa,Martin Luther King Jr.,George Harrison and others including the architects of the Borobudur temple and astronauts like Frank Borman who read from the Bible while flying around the Moon.The paper ended with the central thought of Bertrand Russell that“The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge”,to emphasize that if committed to their Conscience atheists like him can live as moral lives as the men and women of Faith—the difference is being nothing else than sensing or not the Soul that permeates the cosmos.

Christianity: What Should It Do With a New Situation?

Is the Christian doctrine espoused by contemporary Christians really the true meaning of Christ?What is the basic doctrine of Christ?How should believers believe in and practice Christian doctrine?This article analyzes this and distinguishes between the faithful of Christ and that of the church,two types of believers who are similar in form but not identical in nature.

Research and Exploration on the Teaching of World Medieval History under the Innovative Education Concept

The development of the Middle Ages is an inevitable stage in the development of human history,and it has a very important historical significance.During the Middle Ages,the struggle between religious power and secular kingship became a big driving force for medieval education.While strengthening the Christian worldview,education in the Middle Ages also completed the connection between classical civilization and modern European civilization.Medieval educational developments and explorations have had a major impact on contemporary education,especially medieval universities,cathedrals and parliaments.

Epistemic Analysis of Kantian Ethics of Duty Call vis-a-vis Paranormal in Nigerian Society Among Nigerian Clergymen

This work is geared to carry out epistemic analysis of Kantian ethics of duty call vis-à-vis paranormal in Nigerian society among clergymen.The recent changes in Nigerian and other African countries like colonialism that brought Western education,globalization,urbanization,and new religion(Islam and Christianity)have made it that divination in traditional African religion is no longer in vogue in this contemporary period.Divination and fortune telling have taken a new dimension in form of faith healing and miracles by some prophets and so called men of God like pastors,priests,and imam.The quest for materialism among the ministers and clerics of Islamic,Christian and traditional religion has made them abuse their religious calling for their selfish interests.This work makes use of analytic and critical methods of data analysis.This work postulates that Immanuel Kant’s ethics of duty call serves to provide a guiding principle to Nigeria clergymen of different religions on the need for them to carry out their religious duties out of good will.On the other hand,twisting or distorting the teachings of their religion to serve their various selfish interests contravenes Immanuel Kant’s ethics of duty call.Finally,they have to contribute positively to nation building by propagating or fostering the positive ideology,theories,or doctrines that will promote love and national unity in a multicultural country like Nigeria.

To Club or Not to Club, That Is the Question Debating the Meaning of Catholic Identity for Universities in Today’s World

This case study presents the dilemma faced by a French university with Christian identity regarding a students’request to officially approve a club for the LGBTQ+community:which would be the most prudent response considering all matters involved?The case is disguised:it combines elements taken from very similar cases impacting today more than a few Catholic universities around the globe.Part A describes this university:history,principles and values,academic and financial information,relations with its stakeholders,etc.This part also describes its religious context and some relevant statistics regarding the LGTBQ+community.Finally,a series of opinions regarding the issue and how to answer the students’request presented in the form of an open discussion at the university’s steering committee provides different arguments in favor or against the approval.Part B offers some guidelines useful to take a prudent response considering all matters involved:legal,ethical,governance,and communicative.These guidelines are divided in three chapters:what should be the framework for such a discussion,strategic recommendations,and practical suggestions.Their aim is to provide a sort of a blueprint for university heads and administrators,to design a tailor-made response fitting the identity and stakeholders’map of their own university.

A Proposal for the Restitution of the World’s First Baptistry and University, Mor Yakup Church, Turkey

The structure known today as St.Jacob’s Church represents one of the oldest Christian medieval monuments in the region.With the emergence of findings suggesting that the structure was the world’s first university during recent excavation efforts,it has gained even more significance.Since 2006,the excavation works conducted by the Mardin Museum Directorate in the vicinity of Mor Yakup Church have yielded information about various phases of the structure.However,assessments regarding the nature of the structure are still debated within the academic environment.This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the functional changes and periods that St.Jacob’s Church underwent throughout history and to provide a detailed description and restitution for each period.In this study,we utilized excavation reports,data from written sources related to the settlement and structure,information obtained from the structure itself,traces existing on the structure,and data derived from architectural necessities(logic/scenario).The results indicate that this structure served three different functions(baptistry,church,university)and went through two main periods(pre-Christianity and post-Christianity).

惠更斯的14个概率命题研究

目的系统探讨和分析惠更斯在《论赌博中的计算》中所给出的14个概率命题,以揭示其概率思想。方法历史分析和文献考证。结果惠更斯首次提出数学期望的概念,创立了“惠更斯分析法”,第一次把概率论建立在公理、命题和问题上而构成一个较完整的理论体系,第一次将以往概率论知识系统化、公式化及一般化。结论惠更斯的概率思想奠定了概率论的基础,且对今日数学创造仍有重要启发意义。

The Pandemic Pestilences and Internet Institutes

Whether the recent “Pandemic Pestilences” are of clear sign for the “World End”? Both “Atheists” and “Christians” have deeply believed so. During such a subtle time-period, many exciting results can be produced by the Internet Institutes.

The End of Our Earth Is Certainly to Come: “When”? and “Why”?

Does the recent pandemic COVID-19 mean a very clear sign to eliminate our Earth? For such a “Living” and “Dying” problem, the answers from both “Atheists” and “Christians” are exactly the same. What we addressed here are of “When”? and “Why”?

Different Outlooks on Life——Reflected in Chinese and Western Fisherman's Poems

Natural poems,especially fisherman’s poems,can always reflect different outlooks on life of Chinese and western poets.And such differences mainly result from cultural backgrounds.Under the influence of Christian belief,western fisherman’s poems attached more significance to the afterlife,while Chinese poets always express satisfaction in the unity of man and nature in this life,as a result of the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.

The Comparative Analysis of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter and Claude Frollo in Notre Dame de Paris

This essay analyzes the two Christians, who are Reverend Master Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter and Vicar General Claude Frollo in Victor Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. These two men have many similarities and differences. This essay posits their personalities and life experiences to discuss similarities and differences.

The Theme of Death in Romeo and Juliet

Shakespeare is the greatest poet, Playwright in English Renaissance period. His plays include comedy, tragedy and historical plays, which shows a humanistic attitude toward world. His play Romeo and Julie appeals to the world for its abundant themes and poetic language which arouse many comments upon it. In this essay, the author tries to analyze the theme of death from the western philosophy: Christian world view and Existentialism philosophy about death.

Cultural Conflicts and Fusion in the Process of Christianity Disseminating in China

This paper focuses on cultural conflicts,mainly conflicts of God oriented and people oriented world view,different view towards human nature- virtue culture and guilt culture,the theology that all are equal before God and hierarchical order tradition,monotheism and polytheism,conflict between the doctrine and the concept of clan,briefly,that between Chinese traditional culture and Christian doctrine in the process of the religion disseminating in China.It also touches upon the beneficial attributes of Chinese culture for the fusion of the two culture patterns.

Multi-Religious Milieus

Tensta-Rinkeby and Skarholmen are two suburbs of Stockholm which are characterized of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population created by immigration during the last decades. Many of those living in Tensta-Rinkeby and Skaholmen are Muslims, and others are Christians-native Protestants or Catholic and Orthodox immigrants. This article presents data from interviews with Muslim and Christian informants, leaders as well as lay persons, on how they look upon each other across religious borders. The information is classified and interpreted according to models used by scholars in theology of religion. Some informants give vague answers due to the fact that issues of assessing beliefs of others are seldom treated in their churches and mosques. Articulated opinions can be classified from a replacement to an acceptance-model with a bulk of proponents for a fulfillment-model in the middle. Finally the article discusses the importance of how religious actors teach and act in multi-religious milieus.

A Study on Allegorical Exegesis in Medieval Literature

Christianity dominated the Middle Ages,thus produced the allegorical interpretation in the explanation of the Bible.Augustine fashioned a theory of signification that would dominate Western hermeneutics for ten centuries after his death.St.Thomas's work was seeking the marriage of reason and faith.Dante argued that the full four levels of meaning in Biblical exegesis was founded in secular poetry.