Properties of Liquid Nickel along Melting Lines under High Pressure

We report a molecular dynamics study of structural and transport properties of liquid nickel under high pres- sures. Pressure dependencies of pair distribution function and pair correlation entropy along the melting line indicate that the configuration change along melting lines decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated diffusion coefficients and viscosity by using entropy-scaling laws with modified parameters and ideal parameters are compared with those extracted from mean-square displacement or the Stokes-Einstein relation. The results suggest that the entropy-scaling laws hold well for coefficients and viscosity increase moderately with liquid nickel under high-pressure conditions, and the diffusion pressure along melting lines.

Experimental study on liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and high pressure and its geological significance

With lamprophyre and pyrite from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, Yunnan Province, China, as starting materials, and at pressures from 1.5 to 3.0 GPa and temperatures from 1160 to 1560℃ , an experimental study was carried out on the liquid immiscibility of lamprophyre-sulfide melt at high temperature and ultra-high pressure in the DS-29A cubic 3600T/6-type high pressure apparatus. Results showed that the liquid immiscibility of lampro-pyre-sulfide melt in the magmatic system would happen during the early magmatic evolution (high temperature and high pressure conditions) and was controlled by temperature and pressure. The sulfide melt which was separated from the lamprophyric melt would make directional movement in the temperature and pressure field and assemble in the low-temperature and low-pressure region. Because the density of SM is higher than that of the lamprophyric melt, the former would gather together at the bottom of the magma chamber and there would exist a striking boundary between the two melts. On the other hand, the results also suggested that there would be little possibility for lampro-phyric magma to carry massive gold, and lamprophyres can't provide many of oreforming materials (Au) in the processes of gold mineralization.

Analysis of Pesticide Raid^(█) in Feed of Wistar Rat by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

The distribution of pesticide by-product in tissues of wistar rats were analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of detection of the HPLC was 0.1 μg. Results show bioaccumulation factor of pesticide “Raid?” in lipid, up to three times that of the feed at the first concentration and gradually decreased as the concentration increased in the muscle > (0.7), brain > (0.5) and liver > (0.3) as indicated in the text. At higher concentration of 961 μg/g, bioaccumulation factor decreased in the lipid to 1.2 and 0.6 in the muscle, 0.03 in the brain and 0.08 in the liver respectively. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raid extract suggests the presence of micprothrin and palethrin. The implications are numerous, but simply put that accidental ingestion of chlorinated hydrocarbon as in “Raid?” may involve convulsions, collapse and coma after only brief excitation and ataxia at the onset.

Public debate on metallic hydrogen to boost high pressure research

Instead of praises from colleagues,the claim of observation of metallic hydrogen at 495 GPa by Dias and Silvera met much skepticism,and grew into a public debate at the International Conference on High-Pressure Science and Technology,AIRAPT26.We briefly review this debate,and extend the topic to show that this disputation could be an opportunity to benefit the whole high pressure community.

Homogeneous Isolation of Nanocellulose from Cotton Cellulose by High Pressure Homogenization

Nano-cellulose materials are widely believed to have the potential to push polymer mechanical properties. The cotton cellulose was dissolved in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl)), and then was isolated by high pressure homogenization in a homogeneous media. The nano-cellulose was obtained at 80MPa for 30 cycles. The geometry and microstructure of the cellulose nano-fibres were observed by SEM and their particle size analysis. FTIR, XRD and TGA were used to characterize changes to chemical functionality. Particular emphasis is given to the physical and chemical characterization of these nano-fibres together with their thermal stability and crystallinity, in order to develop their suitability.

Solid-liquid state pressure bonding of Si_3N_4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys and its mechanism

Solid liquid state pressure bonding of Si 3N 4 ceramics with aluminum based alloys, which contain a small amount of intermetallic compounds Al 3Ti or Al 3Zr, was investigated. With this new method, the heat resistant properties of the bonding zone metal are improved, and the joints’ strengths at high temperature is increased. The joints’ shear strength at room temperature and at 600 ℃ reach 126～133 MPa and 32～34 MPa, respectively, with suitable bonding pressure. The reaction between aluminum and Si 3N 4 ceramics, which produces Al Si N O type compounds is the dominant interfacial reaction, while the reactions between the second active element Ti or Zr in the aluminum based alloys and Si 3N 4 ceramics also occur to some extend. [

Pressure induced insulator to metal transition in quantum spin liquid candidate NaYbS_(2)

Pressure induced insulator to metal transition followed by the appearance of superconductivity has been observed recently in inorganic quantum spin liquid candidate NaYbSe_(2).In this paper,we study the properties of isostructural compound NaYbS_(2)under pressure.It is found that the resistance of Na YbS_(2)single crystal exhibits an insulating state below 82.9 GPa,but with a drop of more than six orders of magnitude at room temperature.Then a minimum of resistance is observed at about 100.1 GPa and it moves to lower temperature with further compression.Finally,a metallic state in the whole temperature range is observed at about 130.3 GPa accompanied by a non-Fermi liquid behavior below 100 K.The insulator to metal transition,non-monotonic resistance feature and non-Fermi liquid behavior of NaYbS_(2)under pressure are similar to those of NaYbSe_(2),suggesting that these phenomena might be the universal properties in NaLnCh_(2)(Ln=rare earth,Ch=O,S,Se)system.

Adjustment of Liquid Production in Reservoir with Handling Capacity Constraints

A oilfield was an oil reservoir with strong bottom water in offshore, the water cut was as high as 96%. In the high water cut stage, the most effective way of increasing oil production was to extract liquid and increase oil. The processing capacity of oilfield fluid was limited by the conditions. By using Petrel-RE-2017 software, combining reservoir engineering and percolation mechanics methods, this paper analyzes the effect of large-scale liquid pumping, expand coverage and shut-in coning in oil reservoirs with bottom water, and formulates the adjustment strategy of single well production structure of the whole oilfield. It was confirmed that large-scale liquid production can expand coverage and shutting down well can reduce water cut. It can provide reference and guidance for oil field with strong bottom water when it encounters bottleneck of liquid treatment capacity.

激光轰击金属液面溅射过程的数值模拟

目前,极紫外光被认为是制备特征尺寸小于7 nm芯片所必备的光源,激光轰击液态金属锡靶是其产生的主要方式之一.采用体积分数(volurne of fluid,VOF)方法建立了激光轰击金属锡液面产生溅射的模型,并对液料溅射和雾化的演化过程进行了数值模拟,研究了冠状水花的产生机制以及雾化时的流场变化.在此基础上,进一步研究了金属液态锡在不同的能量、光斑直径和脉宽的激光轰击下溅射产生的冠的宽度和高度随时间演化情况.研究表明:在激光辐照产生的高压等离子体的高速冲击下,液膜经历快速运动、冠状射流和雾化3个阶段,液膜生长主要原因是惯性力作用;液膜上下两端存在较大的速度梯度是射流形状发生变化的主要原因;冠边缘处雾化现象的产生是由Rayleigh-Taylor和Plateau-Rayleigh不稳定性共同作用的结果.在激光轰击下,冠的高度和宽度随激光能量增加而增大,但随着时间推移,冠宽和冠高的增长速率逐渐减小;激光光斑和脉宽对冠宽及冠高的影响较为复杂,在前期影响较小,在后期冠宽及冠高随它们数值增加而减小.

盾尾刷更换时液氮冻结温度场及冻结参数影响的数值模拟分析

为合理确定高水压下液氮冻结止水更换盾尾刷的冻结设计参数及掌握温度场变化规律,结合某过江通道长距离盾构掘进过程中盾尾刷更换时的液氮冻结止水工程,利用ADINA大型有限元分析软件建立液氮冻结止水及盾尾刷更换数值模型,模拟温度-时间变化曲线与现场实测数据对比,验证模型的合理性,并对土层、去路液氮温度、冻结管长度、冻结管间距、冻结方式进行敏感性因素分析。结果表明:1)冻结效果随土层的不同而发生改变,在卵石层、砾砂层、粉细砂层3种土层中,粉细砂层的冻结效果最差,卵石层最好;2)在有限的冻结时间内,去路液氮温度的不同,只影响土体从开始冻结至越过0℃完成相变这期间的降温速度,不影响完成冻结以后的土体降温速率;3)冻结管长度对土层冻结的影响较小,可以采用较短的冻结管,以降低施工成本和液氮消耗量,但不能过短,应保证其纵向有足够的支撑范围,经计算分析,当冻结管长度为1.52 m时,能在轴面处满足2.0 m的冻结壁厚度要求;4)冻结管间距对冻结效果影响大,冻结管越密,冻结速度越快,效果越好;5)在相同条件下,双环预埋冻结管液氮冻结效果优于管片上直接打孔液氮冻结。

同时测定复方四维女贞子胶囊中维生素B_(1)和维生素B_(6)的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定复方四维女贞子胶囊中维生素B_(1)和维生素B_(6)的含量。方法:采用C 18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-庚烷磺酸钠溶液(0.32 g庚烷磺酸钠,加水800 mL溶解,加三乙胺2 mL,冰醋酸10 mL,加水稀释至1000 mL)(体积比7∶93)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长:274 nm,柱温为40℃,进样体积10μL。结果:维生素B_(1)在0.4988~99.76μg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程Y=12976x-2190.4(R 2=1);维生素B_(6)在0.4822~96.44μg范围内线性关系良好,回归方程Y=11071x+1567(R 2=1);维生素B_(1)回收率为100.76%(n=9),RSD为0.7%;维生素B_(6)回收率为99.51%(n=9),RSD为0.8%。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,为复方四维女贞子胶囊中维生素B_(1)和维生素B_(6)的含量测定提供了科学的测定方法。

“双碳”视域下氢燃料电池汽车储氢技术现状及发展方向

车载储氢技术是开发高效、安全、低成本氢燃料电池汽车的关键,而储氢材料是研究的重点之一,也是氢的储存和输送过程中的重要组成部分。综述了已采用或正在研究的储氢技术,金属储氢、高压气态储氢、液态储氢和复合储氢等,比较了各种储氢技术的优缺点并指出了车载储氢技术的发展方向。

压裂双弯头液固两相流冲蚀影响数值分析

在水力压裂过程中,地面高压管汇受管内携砂压裂液的复杂流动影响,长期承受着严峻的冲蚀破坏。在各类高压管汇构件中,弯管的冲蚀损伤最为严重。为改善压裂双弯头冲蚀磨损状况,采用DPM模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型,综合分析了斯托克斯数(St)、重力方向、粒径及流速对串联双弯头冲蚀磨损的影响。结果表明:冲蚀磨损区域主要由St和重力方向共同决定;St<1时,最大冲蚀率随颗粒尺寸增大呈线性增加,St>1时呈指数增长;St相同时,速度对冲蚀磨损程度的影响远比颗粒尺寸强烈;向下流重力方向下,损伤区域随St增加完全转移至第二弯头的临界粒径显著小于向上流临界粒径;重力方向对同向冲击颗粒的冲蚀损伤虽有增强效应,其对冲蚀磨损程度影响远不及颗粒尺寸因素作用大。

基于液相敏感性与加卸载机制的泥岩地层压力预测方法

地层压力是井壁稳定分析的重要参数,尤其在异常高压泥岩段的高压机制复杂,且泥岩具有强液相敏感性,不利于地层压力预测,钻井风险高。基于此,以准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河组泥岩层段为例,考虑流体作用对泥岩物性参数的干扰,建立了泥岩地层物性参数的测井校正方法。结合声速-密度版图法与综合压实曲线法,揭示了泥岩地层异常高压的成因机制;基于高压成因机制,依据加卸载理论与有效应力原理构建了南缘泥岩段地层压力预测方法。结果表明:由于泥岩地层高黏土含量与油水两亲性,水相与油相介质均对泥岩物性具有显著影响,必须开展校正工作;在测井校正后,明确了泥岩段具有加载与卸载的高压成因机制,阐明了加卸载条件下泥岩有效应力与岩石物性的相关性;本文方法较Eaton法、等效深度法、加卸载预测方法、多参数综合预测法等地层压力预测方法具有较高精度。本文建立的泥岩段地层压力预测方法已在准噶尔盆地南缘地层压力预测中取得成功应用,预测地层压力与实测地层压力吻合度高,可为异常压力泥岩段的地层压力预测和泥岩地层安全高效钻井提供借鉴。

高压液氨预热器管板环焊缝主副加热局部热处理

管板环焊缝局部热处理是影响高压液氨预热器服役安全的关键制造技术,传统局部热处理时温度分布不均匀、管板约束大,导致残余应力难以消除。对此,采用主副加热局部热处理方法,并验证该方法在高压液氨预热器局部热处理时的有效性。计算与测试结果表明,传统局部热处理仅可降低外表面的轴向和环向残余应力,而内表面轴向应力会略微增大,环向应力降幅较小;主副加热局部热处理使内表面轴向应力由283 MPa降低至100 MPa以下,降幅约64%,环向应力由324 MPa降低至206 MPa,降幅约37%,显著降低了设备内表面应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。

考虑载荷模拟作用的高压弯头冲蚀数值仿真

在水力压裂过程中,地面高压管汇在管内复杂固液两相流冲击和管体恶劣载荷的耦合作用下,弯头、三通及接头等薄弱部件长期遭受严重的冲蚀磨损,极易导致管件发生断裂破坏,对现场人员及设备构成严重威胁。开展载荷作用下的高压管汇典型材料冲蚀磨损试验,根据试验结果,基于E/CRC冲蚀模型构建一种考虑应力状态影响的新型冲蚀数学模型,所构建的新模型与冲蚀试验数据之间的准确度可达95%以上。采用计算流体力学离散相模型(CFD-DPM),开展高压管汇件冲蚀性能的三维数值模拟,考察高压弯头在不同压裂工况下的冲蚀磨损程度及空间分布情况。结果表明:在固液两相流冲击下,主要冲蚀区位于靠近弯头出口处的弯头外侧,且管件的最大冲蚀率也位于该处;在弯头内侧二次流涡流的影响下,部分颗粒在流经弯头后会在下游直管内侧积聚,从而在这个区域造成次要冲蚀区;随着流动颗粒斯托克斯系数增加,主要冲蚀区面积增大,次要冲蚀区面积减小;此外,在嵌入新型冲蚀数学模型后,可观察到随着操作压力增大,高压管汇弯头部位的冲蚀磨损率明显增加。

基于液滴高压蒸发理论的变时滞燃烧室动力学建模与研究

为实现燃烧室组件的精确建模及其动力学特性的仿真研究,以零维时滞燃烧室模型为基础,考虑燃烧室内喷射、雾化、蒸发、混合、化学反应过程,采用针栓喷注器SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter,索特尔平均直径)经验关联式以及液滴高压蒸发理论对液氧/甲烷推进剂组合的燃烧时滞进行求解,建立了基于液滴高压蒸发理论的变时滞燃烧室模型。基于1 kg/s级推力室开展热试车验证了变时滞燃烧室模型的准确性,结果表明:所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可以较为准确地预测燃烧室的压力以及温度动态响应过程,与试验结果相比,稳态压力以及温度误差均在6%以内,压力参数动态响应时间的误差在14%以内,仿真结果具有较高的精度。基于变时滞燃烧室模型开展仿真研究,研究发现:液氧液滴初始粒径以及燃烧室温度作为影响液氧液滴寿命的主要因素,主导着液氧时滞的变化;变时滞模型可以根据工况参数动态计算推进剂燃烧时滞,启动初期喷注器雾化效果较差,液滴最大粒径达到800μm,且燃烧室温度低,进而导致燃烧时滞偏大,最大达到了1100 ms,约为稳定工作状态下燃烧时滞的40倍。本文所建立的变时滞燃烧室模型可根据工况参数对燃烧时滞进行动态计算,相较于传统时滞模型,其燃烧时滞的变化趋势更符合发动机实际工作过程,同时其室压的响应时间、稳态值也更接近实验值,该模型未来可为实际发动机时序设计等提供仿真支撑。

High-Pressure Experimental Studies on Geo-Liquids Using Synchrotron Radiation at the Advanced Photon Source

We review recent progress in studying silicate, carbonate, and metallic liquids of geological and geophysical importance at high pressure and temperature, using the large-volume high-pressure devices at the third-generation synchrotron facility of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. These integrated high-pressure facilities now offer a unique combination of experimental techniques that allow researchers to investigate structure, density, elasticity, viscosity, and interfacial tension of geo-liquids under high pressure, in a coordinated and systematic fashion. Experimental techniques are described, along with scientific highlights. Future developments are also discussed.

基于多组分定量联合主成分分析正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析及熵权优劣解距离法的抗菌消炎胶囊质量差异性评价

目的建立主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)及熵权优劣解距离法(EW-TOPSIS)评价抗菌消炎胶囊的多组分质量差异。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定15批抗菌消炎胶囊中獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷、绿原酸、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、原百部碱、对叶百部碱、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素的含量,借助PCA、OPLS-DA及EW-TOPSIS模型对15批消炎胶囊样品进行质量差异分析,筛选出导致差异的特征成分,并进行质量排序。结果12种成分在各自范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r>0.999),平均加样回收率(n=9)96.90%~100.23%(RSD<2.0%)。化学计量学筛选出2个主成分,方差贡献率累计达95.172%;OPLS-DA发掘出黄芩苷、绿原酸、知母皂苷BⅡ和对叶百部碱对抗菌消炎胶囊质量有显著影响;EW-TOPSIS分析结果显示Ci值0.0827~0.8495,15批样品质量差异较大。结论所建立的方法可用于抗菌消炎胶囊质量的综合评价。

气相色谱法测定异戊烷中微量CO、CO_(2)的研究

利用高压液体进样阀-气相色谱仪,结合镍转化炉,建立了一种测定异戊烷中微量CO和CO_(2)含量的分析方法,考察了方法的精密度、回收率以及最低检测限,并对实际异戊烷样品中CO、CO_(2)的含量进行分析。定量分析结果表明,标样组分的回收率为98.0%,重复3次测定的相对标准偏差小于3%。CO、CO_(2)的最低检测限分别为0.13μL L和0.26μL L,该方法完全可以满足全密度聚乙烯工艺对异戊烷中微量CO、CO_(2)的质量监控要求。