The fundamental unit of rapid, physiological color change in vertebrates is the dermal chromato- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cellular associations between different chromatophore types, is relatively conserved...The fundamental unit of rapid, physiological color change in vertebrates is the dermal chromato- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cellular associations between different chromatophore types, is relatively conserved across the fish, amphibian, and reptilian species capable of physiological color change and numerous attempts have been made to understand the nature of the four major chro- matophore types （melanophores, erythrophores, xanthophores, and iridophores） and their bio- chemical regulation. In this review, we attempt to describe the current state of knowledge regard- ing what classifies a pigment cell as a dynamic chromatophore, the unique characteristics of each chromatophore type, and how different hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signals direct pig- ment reorganization in a variety of vertebrate taxa.展开更多
The new spreading conchospores of Porphyra yezoensis, P. haitanensis and P. katadai var. hemiphylla are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a ⑴strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. I...The new spreading conchospores of Porphyra yezoensis, P. haitanensis and P. katadai var. hemiphylla are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a ⑴strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have ⑵been investigated in all control group. The conchospores of all the three species of Porphyra are easy to be induced by NG for they are in the stage of breeding, In the lowest dose (10 μg/mL) of this experiment, the mutant rate of P. yezoensis is up to 57.9%, that of P. haitanensis 30.7% and that of P. katadai var. hemiphylla ⑶51.7%. The mutant rate can not increase obviously by increasing the reagent concentration or prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of three species of Porphyra are much similar, and the mutant rate is near 50%. The optimum induction concentration of NG is 10 μg/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30 minutes.展开更多
The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P.haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investi...The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P.haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups, while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus. The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyraμ changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25g/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of μinducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25 g/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30 minutes.展开更多
文摘The fundamental unit of rapid, physiological color change in vertebrates is the dermal chromato- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cellular associations between different chromatophore types, is relatively conserved across the fish, amphibian, and reptilian species capable of physiological color change and numerous attempts have been made to understand the nature of the four major chro- matophore types （melanophores, erythrophores, xanthophores, and iridophores） and their bio- chemical regulation. In this review, we attempt to describe the current state of knowledge regard- ing what classifies a pigment cell as a dynamic chromatophore, the unique characteristics of each chromatophore type, and how different hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signals direct pig- ment reorganization in a variety of vertebrate taxa.
基金Supported by NSFCC39770593 EMBLC CAS and Applied Fundamental Project of Jiangsu Province (BJ95182). National Key Fundamental Research Program (G1999012009).
文摘The new spreading conchospores of Porphyra yezoensis, P. haitanensis and P. katadai var. hemiphylla are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a ⑴strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have ⑵been investigated in all control group. The conchospores of all the three species of Porphyra are easy to be induced by NG for they are in the stage of breeding, In the lowest dose (10 μg/mL) of this experiment, the mutant rate of P. yezoensis is up to 57.9%, that of P. haitanensis 30.7% and that of P. katadai var. hemiphylla ⑶51.7%. The mutant rate can not increase obviously by increasing the reagent concentration or prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of three species of Porphyra are much similar, and the mutant rate is near 50%. The optimum induction concentration of NG is 10 μg/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30 minutes.
基金Supported by NSFCC39770593 EMBLC+1 种基金 CAS and Applied Fundamental Project of Jiangsu Province (BJ95182). National Key Fundamental Research Program (G1999012009).
文摘The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P.haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups, while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus. The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyraμ changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25g/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of μinducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25 g/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30 minutes.
