Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute and chronic primary angle-closure using swept-source optical coherence tomography

AIM:To compare the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and choroidal thickness between fellow eyes of acute primary angle-closure(F-APAC)and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma(F-CPACG)and the eyes of normal controls.METHODS:This study included 37 patients with unilateral APAC,37 with asymmetric CPACG without prior treatment,and 36 healthy participants.Using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness and three-dimensional CVI were measured and compared globally and sectorally.Pearson’s correlation analysis and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate choroidal thickness or CVI with related factors.RESULTS:The mean subfoveal CVIs were 0.35±0.10,0.33±0.09,and 0.29±0.04,and the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness were 315.62±52.92,306.22±59.29,and 262.69±45.55μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.All macular sectors showed significantly higher CVIs and choroidal thickness in the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes than in the normal eyes(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between the F-APAC and F-CPACG eyes.In the peripapillary region,the mean overall CVIs were 0.21±0.08,0.20±0.08,and 0.19±0.05,and the mean overall choroidal thickness were 180.45±54.18,174.82±50.67,and 176.18±37.94μm in the F-APAC,F-CPACG,and normal groups,respectively.There were no significant differences between any of the two groups in all peripapillary sectors.Younger age,shorter axial length,and the F-APAC or F-CPACG diagnosis were significantly associated with higher subfoveal CVI and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The fellow eyes of unilateral APAC or asymmetric CPACG have higher macular CVI and choroidal thickness than those of the normal controls.Neither CVI nor choroidal thickness can distinguish between eyes predisposed to APAC or CPACG.A thicker choroid with a higher vascular volume may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Effect of low dose laser cycloplasty on deepening anterior chamber in chronic angle-closure glaucoma

AIM:To describe the outcome of using low-dose laser cycloplasty(LCP)in chronic angle-closure glaucoma(CACG).METHODS:A retrospective case series.Medical charts of CACG patients who underwent LCP in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were reviewed.The main outcomes included intraocular pressure(IOP),the number of glaucoma medication,anterior segment parameters and surgery-related complications.RESULTS:A total of 7 eyes of 7 CACG patients(age 38.9±11.0y)underwent LCP with a mean follow-up of 27.1±13.7mo(range 16-48mo).Following LCP,mean IOP and glaucoma medications decreased from 26.1±6.1 mm Hg with 3.1±1.1 glaucoma medications pre-treatment to 14.9±3.1 mm Hg(P=0.027)with 0.4±1.1 glaucoma medications(P=0.001)at final follow-up.The anterior chamber depth(ACD),angle opening distance500 and trabecular-iris angle increased from 1.65±0.33 mm,0.05 mm(range 0-0.30 mm)and 5.1°(range,0-31.97°)at baseline to 1.98±0.43 mm(P=0.073),0.53 mm(range 0.42-0.91 mm,P=0.015),45.9°(range,40.2°-59.4°),(P=0.015)in the long-term follow-up,respectively.The deepening of ACD and reopening of anterior chamber angle(ACA)was observed in 6 eyes(85.7%).CONCLUSION:LCP is a promising treatment option for patients with CACG via reducing IOP and glaucoma medication without serious complications.In addition,LCP can bring a significant deepening in ACD and reopening of ACA.

Comparison of phacotrabeculectomy and sequential surgery in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma coexisted with cataract

AIM： To compare the safety and effectiveness of phacotrabeculectomy versus sequential surgery in chronic angle-closure glaucoma（CACG） with coexisting cataract.·METHODS： One hundred and sixty-two CACG patients（162 eyes） were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 87patients（87 eyes） in group A had underwent phacotrabeculectomy with intraocular lens（IOL）implantation, and 75 patients（75 eyes） in group B had underwent sequential surgery with IOL implanted. Best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, intraocular pressure（IOP）, complications and anterior chamber angle（ACA）were measured.· RESULTS： Demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar. A mean follow-up period was 15±6mo（range 13 to 24mo）, a mean IOP of 12.14 ±5.32 mm Hg in group A and 11.38 ±4.06 mm Hg in group B（P =0.84） at the last follow up. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative probability of success in both groups was similar（P =0.61）. Anterior uveitis and hypotony were the most common complications in group A, whereas group B experienced shallow anterior chamber with trabeculectomy. With the exception of anterior uveitis, no complications occurred to 11 trabeculectomized eyes. All postoperative measurements of anterior chamber showed statistically significant differences in each group according to the preoperative data（P〈 0.05）. However,fewer changes occurred in group B than in group A.· CONCLUSION： Phacotrabeculectomy and sequential surgery exhibit similar IOP reduction, visual recovery,and complications when treating CACG patients with cataract. However, for a wider ACA, phacotrabeculectomy has demonstrated higher effectiveness than sequential surgery.

Diffusion tensor imaging of optic nerve and optic radiation in primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma using 3T magnetic resonance imaging

AIM: To evaluate the value of quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing the axonal and myelin damage of the optic nerves and optic radiations in patients with chronic primary angle -closure glaucoma (PACG) by using high -field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (3T). METHODS: Twenty patients with bilateral chronic PACG and twenty age - and sex matched disease -free control subjects were enrolled. Conventional MRI and DTI were performed on all subjects using 3T MR scanner. Mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivities (AD) and radial diffusivities (RD) of each optic nerve and each optic radiation were measured by using post -processing software of DTI studio 2.3, and then compared between left eyes and right eyes and between patients group and control group. The pairedsample t- test were used. RESULTS: There was no abnormality in the shape and signal intensity of the optic nerves and optic radiations in patients group and control group on the conventional MRI. No significant differences were observed in the FA, MD, AD and RD between the right and left optic nerves and optic radiations within patients group and control group (P>0.05). The optic nerves and optic radiations of patients with chronic PACG, as compared with control subjects, had significantly higher MD, AD, RD and significantly lower FA (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The diffusivity of optic nerves and optic radiations in chronic PACG group showed abnormal and diffusivity parameters could be used markers of axonal and myelin injury in glaucoma.

Post-miosis changes in the anterior chamber structures in primary and lens-induced secondary chronic angle-closure glaucoma

To evaluate post-miosis changes in the anterior chamber structures in various angle-closure glaucomas(ACG). Totally 14 eyes of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma(PCACG), 12 eyes of lens-induced secondary chronic angleclosure glaucoma(LSACG) and 14 healthy eyes were recruited. After miosis, for PCACG group, intraocular pressure(IOP) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) changed not significantly, while anterior chamber angle widened significantly. LSACG group showed a significant increase in IOP, decrease in ACD, and narrowing in anterior chamber angle. Healthy eyes showed significant decreases in IOP and anterior chamber parameters. Thus, miosis could widen the anterior chamber angle of patients with PCACG, while increase the narrowing of anterior chamber angle and IOP of patients with LSACG. We should pay attention to the distinction between PCACG and LSACG patients and the proper administration of pilocarpine in the treatment of patients with chronic ACG.

Outcomes of chronic angle-closure glaucoma treated by phacoemulsification and endocyclophotocoagulation with or without endoscopically goniosynechialysis

AIM:To investigate the surgical outcomes of patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma(CACG)treated with phacoemulsification(phaco)/endocyclophotocoagulation(ECP)with and without endoscopic goniosynechialysis(E-GSL).METHODS:A retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative case series was conducted.Patients with CACG who underwent phaco in combination with either ECP alone(ECP group)or GSL with ECP(E-GSL group)from 2018 to 2019 were followed for 12mo and reviewed.Clinical features and outcomes were identified and analyzed.The ECP and E-GSL groups were matched in age and baseline intraocular pressure(IOP).Changes in IOP,mean of visual acuity(VA),peripheral anterior synechiae(PAS)formation,and the number of glaucoma medications was examined.RESULTS:The ECP group included 32 eyes of 27 patients,and the E-GSL group included 32 eyes of 26 patients.The preoperative baseline IOP was 22.18±6.48 mm Hg in the ECP group and 22.95±6.71 mm Hg in the E-GSL group(P=0.644).The mean IOP reduction was 26.2%in the ECP group and 41.6%in the E-GSL group at 12mo.The mean postoperative VA(log MAR units)at 12mo was 0.47 in the ECP group and 0.36 in the E-GSL group.The reduction in PAS formation and the number of glaucoma medications was also higher in the ECP group than E-GSL group at 12mo.CONCLUSION:The phaco/ECP and phaco/E-GSL groups both achieve a significant reduction in IOP without complications associated with traditional glaucoma filtration surgeries.

Primary Chronic Angle-closure Glaucoma in Chinese——A Clinical Exploration of Its Pathogenesis And Natural Course

Fourty-three cases (86 eyes) of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma were randomly selected. An additional 44 cases (77 eyes) of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma and 30 normal subjects (34 eyes) were also randomly enrolled as control groups for comparison in the clinical study. Ultrasonic biometric measurements of the anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length of the eyeball were performed. Using an potic microgauge attached to the slit-lamp, the entrance of anterior chamber angle was...

Indicating and predicting role of the horizontal C/D ratio in preclinical diabetic retinopathy associated with chronic angle-closure glaucoma

AIM: To observe morphological optic disc characteristics in patients with preclinical diabetic retinopathy(DR) associated with chronic angle-closure glaucoma(CACG). METHODS: Twenty-two cases(43 eyes) of preclinical DR associated with CACG were enrolled in group A; 24 preclinical DR cases(46 eyes) were enrolled in group B; 26 CACG cases(51 eyes) were enrolled in group C; and 49 normal controls(49 eyes) were enrolled in group D. All underwent optical coherence tomography to measure the horizontal C/D ratio(HCDR), C/D area ratio(CDaR), vertical C/D ratio(VCDR), rim area(RA), cup volume(CV), disc area(DA) and average retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness. RESULTS: The ages of groups A, B, C, and D were 67.60±3.36, 66.78±3.33, 65.98±3.83, and 67.54±3.17 y, respectively. The HCDR values in groups A, B, and C were distinct relative to those in group D(P<0.0001, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively). The HCDR values in group A were higher compared with those in groups B(P<0.0001) and D(P<0.0001); while these values were virtually identical statistically between groups A and C(P>0.05). The CDaR values in group A were higher in comparison to those in groups B and D(P<0.0001 in both groups); while these values were virtually identical statistically between groups A and C(P>0.05). The RA values in group A were smaller relative to those in groups B and D(P<0.0001 in both groups); while groups A and C were not distinct statistically(P>0.05). The CV values in group A were greater in comparison to those in groups B and D(P<0.0001 in both groups); while groups A and C were not distinct statistically(P>0.05). DA was not distinct for comparisons of two groups among the four groups(P>0.05). HCDR value correlated with mean nasal RNFL thickness(r=-0.909,P<0.0001), mean superior RNFL thickness(r=-0.866, P<0.0001), mean inferior RNFL thickness(r=-0.650, P<0.001) and mean temporal RNFL thickness(r=-0.562, P<0.01) in group A. CONCLUSION: The HCDR was a sensitive morphological parameter in detecting structural visual disc changes in preclinical DR associated with CACG, which can reflect optic nerve damage caused jointly by CACG and diabetes. A higher HCDR may predict optic nerve atrophy.

Efficacy of Combined Phacoemulsification and Goniosynechialysis in the Treatment of Patients with Primary Angle Closure Disease and Concomitant Cataract at Preah Ang Duong Hospital in Cambodia

Background: Goniosynechialysis is a surgical procedure that has been shown to slow the progression of glaucoma in oriental eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma. This procedure was successful in 80% of cases, and the peripheral anterior syenchiae did not exist until one year later. Nonetheless, there is little evidence of its efficacy in our context. Our study aims to investigate the efficacy of goniosynechialysis during phacoemulsification in patients with primary angle closure disease and concomitant cataract. Methods: This was an observational, prospective study. The intra-ocular pressure, need for anti-glaucoma drugs, visual acuity, the extent of synechiae, anterior chamber depth, surgical success rate, and other indicators were monitored for at least three months following surgery. Results: This study included 114 patients (118 eyes), 61 with chronic angle closure glaucoma (51.69%), 33 with primary angle closure (27.97%), and 24 with acute attack angle closure (20.34%), who were surgically treated with phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis (Phaco-GSL). The mean intra-ocular pressure had significantly decreased three months after surgery (pre- vs post-op: 22.04 ± 10.86 vs 15.41 ± 6.06 mmHg, p-value p-value p-value p-value p-value Conclusion: Regardless of the type of glaucoma, combined phacoemulsification-goniosynechialysis is effective in lowering pressure, restoring vision, reducing the need for anti-glaucoma drugs, and preventing the synechial recurrence. Success was higher in eyes with less extensive synechiae. Phaco-GSL is safe and effective in the treatment of primary angle closure diseases with co-existing cataract.

小切口联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障20例

目的:观察小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合房角分离、小梁切除术(简称联合手术)治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法:对20例26眼慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者施行联合手术,术后观察视力、房角、眼压及滤过泡和并发症情况,随访4～10mo。结果:所有患者术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后房角可见不同程度的开放,周边虹膜粘连范围缩小,所有眼压控制在正常范围,22眼存在功能性滤过泡,主要并发症是前房出血、短暂角膜水肿。结论:采用联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障能够有效控制眼压、提高视力,手术安全、有效。

Combined phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis with or without endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of PACG with cataract

AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis with or without endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation(PGE group and PG group)for the treatment of patients with coexisting primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)and cataracts.METHODS:The clinical data of patients with PACG and cataract were retrospectively reviewed.There was a total of 88 eyes in the study and were divided into two groups,42 eyes in PGE group and 46 eyes in PG group.Surgery success cumulative survival,preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP),number of IOPlowering medications,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the two groups were observed for more than 12 mo and compared within each group and between two groups.RESULTS:The mean IOP in PGE group declined from24.9 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.1 mm Hg at the first month after operation(P<0.001)and at the last visit 16.2 mm Hg(P<0.001).Meanwhile PG group also showed significant decrease,from 24.1 mm Hg preoperatively to 13.0 mm Hg at Imo after operation(P<0.001)and 15.3 mm Hg at the last visit(P=0.004).The mean medications reliance reduced in both groups,in PGE group was reduced from 1.62 preoperatively to 0.13 at the last visit(P<0.001),in PG group from 0.87 to 0.10(P<0.001).At the last visit,BCVA increased from 0.21 to 0.60 in PGE group(P<0.001)and from 0.24 to 0.67 in PG group(P<0.001).The success rate of PGE group at 1 mo was95.2%,then decreased to 70.7%at the last visit,whereas in PG group,the success rate at 1 mo was 100%,at the last visit was 73.4%.CONCLUSION:PGE shows promise for PACG patients with cataracts to reduce IOP,lighten the medication burden and improve visual acuity,and PG still has its value in specific patients.

青白联合术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障临床研究

目的探讨改良青白联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法选取88例慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者按照随机数字表达法将其分为观察组(n=44)与对照组(n=44),观察组采用改良青白联合手术治疗,对照组采用小梁切除术治疗,观察两组手术治疗效果及术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组术后视力恢复情况优于对照组,眼压下降程度大于对照组,前房深度改善程度大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论改良青白联合手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障安全有效。

三联术治疗慢性青光眼合并白内障的体会

目的观察白内障摘除加人工晶体植入加小梁切除术(三联术)治疗慢性青光眼合并白内障的疗效。方法慢性青光眼合并白内障18例20眼,行白内障超声乳化或小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除加人工晶体植入加小梁切除术,术中做三角形巩膜瓣;球结膜瓣及巩膜瓣下用含丝裂霉素C(MMC 0.2mg/ml)棉片浸润5分钟,彻底冲洗;部分病人术毕前房内注入消毒空气泡,观察其视力、滤过泡、眼压及并发症等情况。结果 18例20眼通过三联术治疗,视力提高、功能性滤过泡17眼,无明显滤过泡3眼,眼压均正常。其并发症主要是:早期浅前房、角膜水肿、前房反应、前房出血等。结论三联术治疗慢性青光眼合并白内障效果满意。

青光眼患者术后滤过泡感染相关性眼内炎临床分析

目的探讨慢性闭角型青光眼术后滤过泡感染相关性眼内炎危险因素、临床表现及治疗方法,以挽救患者的视力。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-2013年1月医院行青光眼滤过手术的1 342例慢性闭角型青光眼患者临床资料,对术后发生滤过泡感染相关性眼内炎进行分析,将其按照单纯滤过泡感染和滤过泡相关性眼内炎进行分组,对两组患者滤过泡表面的分泌物质、房水或玻璃体抽取物送检验科进行病原菌培养;所有患者均进行对症支持治疗及应用抗菌药物,比较两组患者治疗后眼压;所有数据采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果发生的术后滤过泡感染相关性眼内炎共31例,感染率2.31%;术中放置丝裂霉素的患者发生感染24例,感染率为3.44%,未放置丝裂霉素患者发生感染7例,感染率为1.09%,两组感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单纯性滤过泡感染组与滤过泡眼内炎组患者检出革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌分别为41.18%和47.06%与64.28%和35.71%,差异无统计学意义;单纯滤过泡感染与滤过泡眼内炎患者经治疗后眼压比较,差异无统计学意义。结论慢性闭角型青光眼术后患者会发生滤过泡相关性眼内炎和滤过泡感染,发病急骤、进展迅速,手术中使用抗代谢药物会提高滤过泡功能化率,但与发生感染密切相关,因此临床上要谨慎应用,患者经过合理治疗后可以在一定程度上挽救患者视力。

急性闭角型青光眼慢性期行青光眼白内障联合术后房角功能观察

目的:探讨青光眼白内障联合手术治疗急性闭角型青光眼慢性期合并白内障患者术后房角功能。方法:回顾性系列病例分析。2017年11月至2018年3月在河南省人民医院青光眼中心收治的急性闭角型青光眼慢性期合并白内障患者37例(37眼)。患者为青光眼急性期发作后经药物治疗3~14 d,术前眼压高于21 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa);房角关闭范围>2个象限;超声生物显微镜(UBM)示前房变浅,周边虹膜根部与小梁网贴附范围>2个象限;晶状体核混浊度≥Ⅲ级。所有患眼均行常规双切口小梁切除+超声乳化白内障吸除+人工晶状体植入+房角分离术,术中均未使用抗代谢药物,巩膜瓣常规可调节缝线密闭缝合。术前术后观察患者的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、中央前房深度、前房角开放程度及滤过泡形成情况。采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验、方差分析、配对t检验及Pearson相关分析对各项观察指标进行分析。结果:术后7 d时眼压为(18.8±1.7)mmHg,较术前明显下降(t=16.562,P<0.001),15例患者形成滤过泡。术后1个月眼压为(15.5±1.8)mmHg,较术前明显下降(t=20.529,P<0.001),仅有5例患者存在功能性滤过泡。术后半年,眼压为(14.9±2.4)mmHg,23例患者术后眼压<16 mmHg,14例患者术后眼压介于16~20 mmHg之间,较术前眼压明显下降(t=24.458,P<0.001);UBM示所有患者术后房角重新开放范围>2个象限,术后眼压与术前房角粘连程度无相关关系(r=0.016,P=0.926);术后中央前房深度较术前加深(t=-25.195,P<0.001);33例患者术后BCVA较术前提高,4例患者术后BCVA较前无改善,术前术后BCVA差异具有统计学意义(Z=-5.017,P<0.001);5例患者术后上方结膜可见功能性滤过泡形成,32例患者术后未见明显滤过泡,UBM也证实结膜下无有效滤过泡形成。结论:对于急性闭角型青光眼慢性期合并白内障患者,行双切口小梁切除+超声乳化白内障吸除+人工晶状体植入+房角分离术可有效降低眼压。眼压的下降很可能是房角区小梁网功能的恢复,而不是依赖于外滤过通道的建立。