Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting： which is better in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease？

To evaluate the clinic outcome of off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCABG) of patients with coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we collected and analyzed 1998-2002 data on 28 patients with these two diseases who had received off-pump coronary bypass operation in our hospital, and compared with data on those who also had the same two diseases but received on-pump coronary artery bypass at same time. There were no operation-related death;one died of respiratory failure 14 days after operation while staying in hospital; there were more respiratory complications in the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting group (CCABG) than in the OPCABG group; and the PaO2/FiO2 in the CCABG group was higher than that in the OPCABG group during operation because of CPB, but lower than that in the OPCABG group 6-12 hours after operation. OPCABG seemed more suitable than CCABG for coronary artery disease patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to less damage to their oxygen-exchange capability and the fewer respiratory complications.

PCI compared with medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease

Objective The aim of this study was to assess quality of results of elderly patients with coronary disease after medical or revascularisation therapy. Methods In this study, we enrolled 103 patients aged 75 years or older with chronic angina in which 47 patients were assigned coronary angiography and revascularisation and 56 patients with optimised medical therapy. The primary endpoint was quality of life after 6 months, as assessed by questionnaire and the presence of major adverse cardiac events (death, non fatal myocardial infarction, or hospital admission for acute coronary syndrome with or without the need for revascularisation). Results After 6 months follow up, angina severity decreased and measures of quality of life increased in both treatment groups( P <0.05 ); however, these improvements were significantly greater after revascularisation( P <0.01 ). Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 30 ( 53.6% ) of patients in the medical group and 9 ( 19.1% ) in the invasive group ( P <0.01 ).Conclusions Patients aged 75 years or older with angina benefit more from revascularisation than from optimised medical therapy in terms of symptom relief and quality of life. Therefore, these patients should be offered invasive assessment despite their high risk profile followed by revascularisation if feasible.

Coronary artery calcification in chronic kidney disease:An update

Arterial calcification is a well-recognized complication of advanced atherosclerosis.Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is characterized by significantly more pronounced,dis-seminated and fast-progressing calcification of the vascular system,including the coronary arteries.New computed tomography-based imaging techniques al-low for the noninvasive assessment and monitoring of calcification in different vascular sites.Coronary artery calcification(CAC) develops early in the course of CKD and is tightly associated with mineral and bone disor-ders,which include but are not limited to secondary hyperparathyroidism.In this review,recent data on the pathogenesis of CAC development and progression are discussed,with a special emphasis on fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor,klotho.The prevalence,progression and prognostic significance of CAC are reviewed separately for patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis,kidney transplant recipi-ents and patients with earlier stages of CKD.In the last section,therapeutic considerations are discussed,with special attention paid to the importance of treatment that addresses mineral and bone disorders of CKD.

A simple practical balloon anchoring technique within the guide catheter for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary artery

Dear Editor： Chronic total occlusions （CTOs） of the coronary artery are commonly encountered complex lesionst11. Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for CTO is technically challenging due to low procedural success ratesTM. Microcatheter is one of the important devices for treatment of CTOTM. It has been widely used attributed to the excellent crossability whenever angula- tion and tortuousity of the coronary artery is encoun- tered. In the process, the microcatheter has to be withdrawn from the guide wire after the wire is proved to locate in the true lumen.

Subintimal recanalization for non-acute occlusion of intracranial vertebral artery in an emergency endovascular procedure:A case report

BACKGROUND Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult,particularly when the microwire enters the subintima.Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique has been well established in the endovascular treatment of coronary artery occlusion,there is limited experience with its use in intracranial occlusion due to anatomical variations and a lack of dedicated devices.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital two days after experiencing acute weakness in both lower extremities,poor speech,and dizziness.After admission,imaging revealed acute ischemic stroke and non-acute occlusion of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries(ICVAs).On the fourth day of admission,the patient's condition deteriorated and an emergency endovascular recanalization of the left ICVA was performed.During this procedure,a microwire was advanced in the subintima of the vessel wall and successfully reentered the distal true lumen.Two stents were implanted in the subintima.The patient's Modified Rankin Scale was 1 at three months postoperatively.CONCLUSION We present a technical case of subintimal recanalization for non-acute ICVA occlusion in an emergency endovascular procedure.However,we emphasize the necessity for caution when applying the subintimal tracking approach in intracranial occlusion due to the significant dangers involved.

Coronary Artery Chronic Total Occlusion

Coronary artery chronic total occlusion(CTO)is defi ned as an occluded coronary artery segment without anterograde fl ow for at least three months.It can be classified as a“true”or“functional”CTO based on flow characteristics.In“true”CTO,there is no anterograde flow.In“functional”CTO,there is minimal anterograde flow through the occluded segment of the coronary artery.CTO is a common fi nding during coronary angiography and its prevalence may vary depending on the reported literature.Among patients without previous coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG),CTO is found in about 20–30% of the patients.CTO may develop insidiously over a period of time and involve a complex interplay between intracellular and extracellular factors,smooth muscle and foam cells,calcifi cation,and neovascularization.There is a growing body of evidence to support that CTO revascularization may improve clinical outcome when compared to medical management.Both the European and American cardiovascular societies support CTO revascularization with a class 2a recommendation(level of evidence B).Historically,due to low procedural success rate,apparent ineffi cient resource utilization,potential increase in complication rates and uncertain clinical benefi ts,only about 10–20%of patients with CTO are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Recent advances using novel and innovative techniques with dedicated equipment have signifi cantly improved the procedural success rate for CTO PCI to about 90%in the hands of experienced operators.With increasing interest in CTO PCI coupled with increased educational effort,CTO PCI likely will become more accessible to patients in need of CTO revascularization.Ongoing advancement in innovative techniques and equipment will continue to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural complication rate for CTO PCI.Furthermore,there are a number of prospective clinical trials on the horizon which should help defi ne the clinical benefi ts and limitations of CTO PCI in the near future.

High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases——The key to an efficient exercise protocol

Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.

The inverse association between eGFR and depression in patients with coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study

Background The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)and depression in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)remained unclear.Methods A total of 561 patients with CAD were selected from Department of Cardiology between October 2017 and February 2018 while their depression status was evaluated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9).The e GFR levels were compared between patients with and without depression and the link between e GFR and depression in CAD patients was explored.Results Among 561CAD patients,63 patients(11.23%)were diagnosed with comorbid depression(PHQ-9≥10).The depression group presented significantly lower e GFR level than the non-depression group.In fully-adjusted multivariate analysis,higher e GFR level was proved to be a protective factor for depression in CAD patients,reducing a 22%risk of depression for every 10 m L/(min·1.73 m2)increase of e GFR level(OR:0.78,95%CI:0.66-0.93).Similar results were found in the stratified analyses of both e GFR quartiles and chronic kidney disease(CKD)stages(P for trend<0.05),while no significant differences were found among subgroups(P for interaction>0.05).A negative linear association was estimated between e GFR level and depression in CAD patients.Conclusions Our results suggested lower e GFR level in CAD patients with comorbid depression,displaying a negative linear correlation between e GFR and risk of depression in CAD patients.The findings implied that screening depression in CAD patients with decreased e GFR level or concomitant CKD should be highlighted in clinical practice.[S Chin J Cardiol 2024;25(1):1-10]

Percutaneous panvascular intervention in an unusual case of extensive atherosclerotic disease

It is common to see patients with atherosclerotic coronary disease and peripheral arterial disease in routine clinical practice. One needs to have a comprehensive and integrated multi-speciality approach and panvascular revascularization in such patients. We report a 54-year-old diabetic hypertensive male with extensive atherosclerotic coronary and peripheral arterial disease, who presented with congestive heart failure, claudication of both lower limbs and mesenteric ischemia. He underwent successful percutaneous panvas- cular revascularization of coronary, renal, mesenteric, aorto-iliac and superficial femoral arteries. Long-term patency of all the stents was also documented.

Chronic total occlusion revascularization:A complex piece to"complete"the puzzle

Treatment of coronary chronic total occlusion(CTO)with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)has rapidly increased during the past decades.Different strategies and approach were developed in the recent past years leading to an increase in CTO-PCI procedural success.The goal to achieve an extended revascularization with a high rate of completeness is now supported by strong scientific evidences and consequently,has led to an exponential increase in the number of CTO-PCI procedures,even if are still underutilized.It has been widely demonstrated that complete coronary revascularization,achieved by either coronary artery bypass graft or PCI,is associated with prognostic improvement,in terms of increased survival and reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events.The application of“contemporary”strategies aimed to obtain a state-of-the-art revascularization by PCI allows to achieve long-term clinical benefit,even in highrisk patients or complex coronary anatomy with CTO.The increasing success of CTO-PCI,allowing a complete or reasonable incomplete coronary revascularization,is enabling to overcome the last great challenge of interventional cardiology,adding a“complex”piece to“complete”the puzzle.

Percutaneous coronary intervention of totally occluded coronary venous bypass grafts:An exercise in futility?

BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)of diseased saphenous vein grafts(SVG)continues to pose a clinical challenge.Current PCI guidelines give a class III recommendation against performing PCI on chronically occluded SVG.However,contemporary outcomes after SVG intervention have incrementally improved with distal protection devices,intracoronary vasodilators,drug-eluting stents,and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy.AIM To reassess the procedural and long-term outcomes of PCI for totally occluded SVG with contemporary techniques.METHODS This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a single university hospital.The study population consisted of 35 consecutive patients undergoing PCI of totally occluded SVG.Post-procedure dual antiplatelet therapy was continued for a minimum of one year and aspirin was continued indefinitely.Clinical outcomes were assessed at a mean follow-up of 1221±1038 d.The primary outcome was freedom from a major adverse cardiac event(MACE)defined as the occurrence of any of the following:death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeat bypass surgery,repeat PCI,or graft reocclusion.RESULTS The study group included 29 men and 6 women with a mean age of 69±12 years.Diabetes was present in 14(40%)patients.All patients had Canadian Heart Classification class III or IV angina.Clinical presentation was an acute coronary syndrome in 34(97%)patients.Mean SVG age was 12±5 years.Estimated duration of occlusion was acute(<24 h)in 34%of patients,subacute(>24 h to 30 d)in 26%,and late(>30 d)in 40%.PCI was initially successful in 29/35 SVG occlusions(83%).Total stent length was 52±35 mm.Intraprocedural complications of distal embolization or no-reflow occurred in 6(17%)patients.During longer term follow-up,MACE-free survival was only 30%at 3 years and 17%at 5 years.CONCLUSION PCI of totally occluded SVG can be performed with a high procedural success rate.However,its clinical utility remains limited by poor follow-up outcomes.

Can Endarterectomy Be Useful in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease with Critical Limb Ischemia?

Importance of?thrombendarterectomy (TEA) had declined with the advent of bypass techniques and availability of prosthetic grafts, in patients with Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Recently, there had been a significant shift towards lower limb revascularization using endoluminal techniques. However, previously available data evaluating the long leg bypass or combined endoluminal and bypass procedures have been too anatomically heterogeneous to be easily applied to patients with infrainguinal disease and tissue loss. Clinical decision making in Complex multilevel or diffuse peripheral arterial occlusive disease with multiple co-morbidities especially associated coronary arterial disease is challenging. We describe twelve patients of iliofemoral arterial occlusive disease with tibiopopliteal arterial occlusive disease along with multiple co-morbidities like coronary arterial disease and diabetes mellitus who showed marked improvement with minimal post-operative?morbidities after iliofemoral or ileopopliteal bypass grafting with endarterectomy of the tibiopopliteal segment and related review of the literature.

Effect of complete percutaneous revascularization on improving long-term outcomes of patients with chronic total occlusion and multi-vessel disease

Background:Limited data are available on the comparison of clinical outcomes of complete vs.incomplete percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for patients with chronic total occlusion(CTO)and multi-vessel disease(MVD).The study aimed to compare their clinical outcomes.Methods:A total of 558 patients with CTO and MVD were divided into the optimal medical treatment(OMT)group(n=86),incomplete PCI group(n=327),and complete PCI group(n=145).Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed between the complete and incomplete PCI groups as sensitivity analysis.The primary outcome was defined as the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs),and unstable angina was defined as the secondary outcome.Results:At a median follow-up of 21 months,there were statistical differences among the OMT,incomplete PCI,and complete PCI groups in the rates of MACEs(43.0%[37/86]vs.30.6%[100/327]vs.20.0%[29/145],respectively,P=0.016)and unstable angina(24.4%[21/86]vs.19.3%[63/327]vs.10.3%[15/145],respectively,P=0.010).Complete PCI was associated with lower MACE compared with OMT(adjusted hazard ratio[HR]=2.00;95%confidence interval[CI]=1.23–3.27;P=0.005)or incomplete PCI(adjusted HR=1.58;95%CI=1.04–2.39;P=0.031).Sensitivity analysis of PSM showed similar results to the above on the rates of MACEs between complete PCI and incomplete PCI groups(20.5%[25/122]vs.32.6%[62/190],respectively;adjusted HR=0.55;95%CI=0.32–0.96;P=0.035)and unstable angina(10.7%[13/122]vs.20.5%[39/190],respectively;adjusted HR=0.48;95%CI=0.24–0.99;P=0.046).Conclusions:For treatment of CTO and MVD,complete PCI reduced the long-term risk of MACEs and unstable angina,as compared with incomplete PCI and OMT.Complete PCI in both CTO and non-CTO lesions can potentially improve the prognosis of patients with CTO and MVD.

老年慢性阻塞性肺病合并冠状动脉疾病的微生态变化分析

目的分析老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者肺部及肠道微生态的变化,并探讨其免疫调控机制。方法选择2022年1—6月四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)老年医学科收治的COPD老年患者为研究对象,其中,COPD组患者20例和COPD合并CAD组患者20例,并选取同期健康老年人群15例作为对照组,检测肺部和肠道样本菌群及外周血炎症因子。结果各组样本间细菌多样性指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在门水平上,COPD合并CAD组与对照组相比,肺部和肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,变形菌门、放线菌门均增多(P<0.05);与COPD组相比,肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,放线菌门增多(P<0.05)。在属水平上,COPD合并CAD组的肺部菌群中假单胞菌属增多,链球菌属、韦荣氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、放线菌属减少(P<0.05);肠道菌群中埃希氏菌属增多,拟杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属减少(P<0.05)。在细胞因子表达水平上,COPD合并CAD组的白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α升高,IL-10降低(P<0.05)。结论COPD合并CAD患者的肺部及肠道微生物菌群数量和构成存在显著差异,表明肺部和肠道微生态失衡及全身炎症反应可能增加COPD患者罹患CAD风险。调节微生物群组成或其代谢物的途径,可能是老年慢性共病的潜在治疗策略。

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞合并糖尿病患者的血运重建策略探讨

目的 探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)合并糖尿病患者不同血运重建策略的临床预后。方法 本研究入选2007年1月1日至2017年12月31日于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院住院治疗的冠状动脉CTO合并糖尿病患者,根据血运重建策略不同将患者分为CTO-S-经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)组(成功CTO-PCI患者)和CTO-S-冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)组(成功CTO-CABG患者)。主要终点为主要不良心血管事件(MACE)复合终点。其他结局指标包括全因死亡和再灌注。比较2组临床结局。结果 本研究共纳入1 062例患者,其中CTO-S-PCI组683例,CTO-S-CABG组379例。在主要终点MACE方面,CTO-S-CABG组优于CTO-S-PCI组[6.1%(23/379)比20.8%(142/683)](P<0.05)。该优势在靶血管再灌注、再发非致死性心肌梗死及再灌注方面是一致的。但在心源性死亡及全因死亡方面,2组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 对于冠状动脉CTO合并糖尿病患者,CABG优于PCI,可减少MACE的发生。

慢性肾脏病腹膜透析患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的关系

[目的]探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)腹膜透析(PD)患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)严重程度的关系。[方法]选取2018年6月—2021年12月本院收治的205例进行PD治疗的CKD患者作为研究对象,根据CAC评分将患者分为钙化组(n=152)和未钙化组(n=53),并将钙化组分为轻度钙化组(n=61)、中度钙化组(n=50)和重度钙化组(n=41),采用单因素分析比较患者临床资料及实验室指标差异;采用限制性三次样条拟合Logistic回归模型分析血脂水平与CAC的关系;采用多元Logistic回归模型分析影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线探讨血脂水平对CAC严重程度的预测价值。[结果]与未钙化组相比,钙化组年龄、糖尿病比例、体质指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、血磷水平显著增加,血尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、血镁、25-羟维生素D3(25-(OH)-VitD3)水平显著降低(P<0.05);Logistic回归显示,调整年龄、糖尿病等因素后TC(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.56~2.10)、TG(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.86~2.41)、HDLC(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.42~0.84)、LDLC(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.78~2.32)仍是CAC发生的危险因素,且随着TG、TC、LDLC水平升高,HDLC水平降低,其关联效应值也相应增高(P趋势<0.05);与轻度钙化组相比,中度钙化组、重度钙化组年龄、TG、TC均显著增加,HDLC均显著降低,中度钙化组UA显著增加,重度钙化组LDLC、血磷显著增加,血镁、25-(OH)-VitD3显著降低;与中度钙化组相比,重度钙化组TC、LDLC显著增加,UA、HDLC显著降低(均P<0.05),且多元Logistic回归模型表明高龄,TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低是CKD患者PD治疗后发生重度CAC的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);限制性三次样条回归分析表明血脂水平与CAC严重程度呈明显的相关性;ROC曲线分析显示,血TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测的AUC为0.897,灵敏度为0.899,特异度为0.826,表明TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测对进行PD治疗的CKD患者CAC严重程度的预测价值高于任一单一指标。[结论]进行PD治疗的CKD患者,血TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低与CAC发生风险显著相关,并且参与了CAC的发生发展,临床可通过联合检测提高其预测价值。

Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with coronary artery disease

Background The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and coronary artery disease （CAD） remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the association of COPD with CAD, especially with multi- vessel disease （VD）. Methods The data of 354 patients who underwent multi-detector computed tomography （MDCT） for suspected CAD were analyzed. Luminal narrowing was defined as at least one lesion 50% or greater stenosis. The analysis of serum biochemistry profile and spirometrywere performed on all eligible patients, and the diagnosis of COPD was defined as the criteria of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Results Patients with CAD had a significantly higher complication of COPD than those without CAD （11.8% vs. 3.7%, P 〈0.001）. Comparing with patients without COPD, those with COPD were more likely to have multi-VD, proportion of smoking and high C-reactive protein （CRP） （P 〈0.001）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the multi-VD was significantly correlated with COPD （P=-0.012） and CRP （P=0.015）. Conclusions There was a high complication of COPD in patients with CAD, and COPD may be a critical risk factor for CAD, especially for multi-VD. CAD and COPD were closely associated and the interplay of systemic inflammation might in part explain the relationship between them.

合并右冠状动脉慢性闭塞的复杂左主干行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗疗效的初步探讨

目的:初步分析合并右冠状动脉(右冠)慢性完全闭塞(CTO)的复杂左主干病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效。方法:连续纳入2019年1月至2022年12月在湖南省人民医院住院的所有复杂左主干病变患者90例。根据患者冠状动脉造影血管病变情况分为合并右冠CTO的复杂左主干病变(观察组,n=30)及右冠未发生CTO的复杂左主干病变(对照组,n=60),对患者的临床基线数据、术中情况、造影结果、术后随访结果进行分析。结果:90例患者中男性58例(64.4%)。两组间临床基线资料(P均>0.05)、左主干病变情况(P=1.000)、左主干钙化情况(P=0.249)、术前TIMI血流分级(P=1.000)差异均无统计学意义。观察组与对照组比较,术中无复流发生率(3.3%vs.5.0%,P=1.000)、低血压发生率(10.0%vs.8.3%,P=1.000)、心包积液发生率(3.3%vs.0%,P=0.333)、血管内超声(IVUS)使用率(86.7%vs.90.0%,P=0.635)、术中使用循环辅助装置(P=0.699)、术中冠状动脉旋磨率(26.7%vs.21.7%,P=0.597)差异均无统计学意义。中位随访时间为14.50(11.83,15.85)个月,观察组与对照组比较,复发心绞痛、急性心肌梗死、再次血运重建、心力衰竭再入院、心原性死亡等主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率(31.0%vs.32.1%,P=1.000)差异均无统计学意义。结论:对于基础疾病多,无法耐受冠状动脉旁路移植术,合并右冠CTO的复杂左主干病变的患者行PCI可能是一种可行的方法。

合并终末期肾病和慢性肾脏病的冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效分析

目的:对比分析冠心病合并终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)和慢性肾脏病(chronic renal disease,CKD)的患者行CABG术效果及预后。方法:采集自2017年1月至2023年6月,我院心外科收治的514例术前合并肾功能不全的冠心病患者临床资料,包括72例术前接受血液透析治疗的ESRD患者和442例合并CKD(e GFR≤60 m L·min^(-1)·1.73m^(-2)但尚未行透析治疗)的患者。术前基线资料包括基础病史、实验室检验及心脏相关检查,术中和术后资料包括手术情况、围术期并发症及院内死亡率。随访初级终点事件为全因死亡,次级终点事件包括主要心脑血管事件(major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,MACCE)、再发脑卒中、再发心绞痛、再发心肌梗死和再次住院。结果:ESRD组围术期死亡率(6.9%)高于CKD组(2.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ESRD组术后二次开胸止血、围术期心肌梗死及术后心房颤动的发生率均高于CKD组(8.3%vs.2.9%,P=0.037,13.9%vs.6.3%,P=0.047,26.4%vs.15.4%,P=0.027)。ESRD组主动脉内球囊反搏的使用率高于CKD组(16.7%vs.8.4%,P=0.048),呼吸机辅助通气时间也长于后者[(56.3±23.0)vs.(38.5±16.1)h,P=0.007]。平均随访42(3,81)个月,ESRD组MACCE的发生率高于CKD组(30.6%vs.18.6%,P=0.041),再发心绞痛和再次脑卒中的发生率均高于后者(20.3%vs.10.1%,P=0.028;9.7%vs.3.5%,P=0.040),两组间远期生存率无统计学差异(82.3%vs.89.3%,P=0.133)。结论:合并ESRD和CKD的冠心病患者,行CABG术在院死亡率和长期生存率差异无统计学意义;ESRD患者围术期并发症的发生率及随访MACCE的发生率均高于CKD患者。

冠心病合并慢性肾病经皮冠状动脉介入术后替格瑞洛应用的系统性评价

目的系统评价冠心病合并慢性肾病经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后患者使用替格瑞洛的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库。根据Cochrane系统评价手册和纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)对纳入研究的质量进行评价。采用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入了10项研究,涉及4项随机对照试验和6项队列研究,合计8110例冠心病合并慢性肾病PCI术后患者,试验组3356例,对照组4754例。Meta分析结果显示:在有效性方面,两组患者不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.68~0.89,P<0.001)、心肌梗死发生率(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62~0.93,P<0.001)比较,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者全因死亡(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.59~1.10,P=0.179)、心源性死亡(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.54~1.05,P=0.542)、卒中(OR=0.87,95%CI:0.65~1.17,P=0.354)、重复血运重建发生率(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.51~1.04,P=0.077)比较,差异无统计学意义。在安全性方面,两组患者出血发生率(OR=1.12,95%CI:0.85~1.46,P=0.432)比较,差异无统计学意义。结论应用替格瑞洛治疗冠心病合并慢性肾病PCI术后患者,全因死亡、心源性死亡、卒中、重复血运重建发生率与对照组相比疗效相当,但是替格瑞洛可有效降低MACCE、心肌梗死的发生率,且不增加出血风险。