Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of chronic heat stress on meat quality of broilers

Background:Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on poultry meat quality.Although this has been extensively investigated,previous studies have primarily focused on metabolic alterations and oxidative stress in the pectoralis major(PM)muscle under chronic heat stress,and not all of the underlying molecular mechanisms are completely understood.Methods:A total of 144 male Arbor Acres broilers(28 d old)were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups:(1)the normal control(NC)group,with broilers raised at 22℃and fed a basal diet;(2)the heat stress(HS)group,with birds raised at 32℃and fed a basal diet;and(3)the pair-fed(PF)group,with birds raised at 22℃and fed the amount of feed equal to the feed consumed on the previous day by the HS group.The experiment lasted for 14 d.Results:Chronic heat stress decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain,increased feed:gain ratio(P<0.05);and increased drip loss,cooking loss,shear force,hardness,and decreased p H,redness(a*);and springiness of PM muscle(P<0.05).Furthermore,chronic heat stress decreased muscle fiber density,increased connective tissue,and led to intracellular vacuolation.The transcriptome analyses indicated that the effect of chronic heat stress on meat quality was not only related to metabolism and oxidative stress,but also to signal transduction,immune system,transport and catabolism,cell growth and death,and muscle structure.Conclusions:Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on the growth performance,meat quality,and the PM muscle structure of broilers.Transcriptome analysis revealed a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of the chronic heat stress-induced deterioration of broiler meat quality at the transcriptional level.

Alterations in intestinal microbiota composition coincide with impaired intestinal morphology and dysfunctional ileal immune response in growing-finishing pigs under constant chronic heat stress

Background:Previous studies had shown that short-term acute heat stress(HS)affected the host’s metabolism and intestinal microbiota independent of feed intake(FI)reduction,and long-term calorie restriction caused intestinal morphological injuries and gut microbial alterations.However,research on the effects of constant chronic HS on intestinal microbial composition and the roles of FI reduction played in is limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of 7-day constant chronic HS on the composition of intestinal microbes in growing-finishing pigs,and its relationship with pigs’performance,intestinal morphology,and ileal immune response.Twenty-four growingfinishing pigs(Duroc×Large White×Landrace,30±1 kg body weight)were randomly assigned to three treatments(n=8),1)thermal neutral(TN)conditions(25±1℃)with ad libitum FI,2)HS conditions(35±1℃)with ad libitum FI,3)pair-fed(PF)with HS under TN conditions to discriminate the confounding effects of dissimilar FI,and the FI was the previous day’s average FI of HS.The small intestinal segments(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and feces were collected on d 8.Results:Results indicated that HS drastically declined(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(about 61%)in comparison with TN,and caused hyperpyrexia,meanwhile PF caused hypothermia.Morphological observation by light and electron microscopes showed that both HS and PF treatment decreased(P<0.05)the villus and microvillus height compared with TN.Additionally,HS increased(P<0.05)protein expression of heat shock protein 70 in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum.Furthermore,the expression of tight junction protein zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)in the duodenum and ileum,and Occludin in the ileum were enhanced(P<0.05)compared with TN and PF.Moreover,HS significantly enhanced(P<0.05)the mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines(TLR-2,TLR-4,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6,IL-8,PG1–5,β-defensin 2(pBD-2)),mucins(mucin-1 and mucin-2)and P65 protein level in the ileal mucosa tissue.Intestinal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing showed lower(P<0.10)αdiversity in both HS and PF,and a separated cluster ofβdiversity among groups.Compared with TN,HS but not PF mainly reduced(FDR<0.05)Bacteroidetes(phylum),Bacteroidia(class)and elevated the proportions of Proteobacteria(phylum,FDR<0.05),Bacillales(order,FDR<0.05),Planococcaceae(family,FDR<0.05),Kurthia(genus,FDR<0.05),Streptococcaceae(family,FDR<0.10)and Streptococcus(genus,FDR<0.10).Notably,Lactobacillales(order)was decreased(FDR<0.05)by PF alone.Furthermore,the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the microbes prevalent in HS were positively(P<0.05)associated with intestinal morphological injuries indicators and ileal immune response parameters,and the microbes reduced in HS were negatively(P<0.05)with the performance data.Conclusions:Intestinal morphological injuries and ileal immune response caused by constant chronic HS independent of FI showed close connections with alterations in intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.

Selenogenome and AMPK signal insight into the protective effect of dietary selenium on chronic heat stress-induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigs

Background:Chronic heat stress(CHS)disrupts hepatic metabolic homeostasis and jeopardizes product quality of pigs.Selenium(Se)may regulate the metabolic state through affect selenoprotein.Thus,we investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA)on CHS induced hepatic metabolic disorder in growing pigs,and the corresponding response of selenoprotein.Methods:Forty crossbreed growing pigs were randomly assigned to five groups:control group raised in the thermoneutral environment(22±2℃)with basal diet;four CHS groups raised in hyperthermal condition(33±2℃)with basal diet and supplied with 0.0,0.2,0.4,and 0.6 mg Se/kg HMSeBA,respectively.The trial lasted 28 d.The serum biochemical,hepatic metabolism related enzyme,protein and gene expression and 25 selenoproteins in liver tissue were determined by real-time PCR,ELISA and western blot.Results:CHS significantly increased the rectal temperature,respiration rate,serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)of pigs,up-regulated hepatic heat shock protein 70(HSP70)and induced lower liver weight,glycogen content,hepatic glucokinase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px).The CHSinduced liver metabolic disorder was associated with the aberrant expression of 6 metabolism-related gene and 11 selenoprotein encoding genes,and decreased the protein abundance of GCK,GPX4 and SELENOS.HMSeBA improved anti-oxidative capacity of liver.0.4 or 0.6 mg Se/kg HMSeBA supplementation recovered the liver weight,glycogen content and rescue of mRNA abundance of genes related to metabolism and protein levels of GCK.HMSeBA supplementation changed expressions of 15 selenoprotein encoding genes,and enhanced protein expression of GPX1,GPX4 and SELENOS in the liver affected by CHS.CHS alone showed no impact while HMSeBA supplementation increased protein levels of p-AMPKαin the liver.Conclusions:In summary,HMSeBA supplementation beyond nutrient requirement mitigates CHS-induced hepatic metabolic disorder,recovered the liver glycogen content and the processes that are associated with the activation of AMPK signal and regulation of selenoproteins in the liver of growing pigs.

Selenomethionine alleviates chronic heat stress-induced breast muscle injury and poor meat quality in broilers via relieving mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress

In the present study,the chronic heat stress(CHS)broiler model was developed to investigate the potential protection mechanism of organic selenium(selenomethionine,SeMet)on CHS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation and poor meat quality.Four hundred Arbor Acres male broilers(680±70 g,21 d old)were grouped into 5 treatments with 8 replicates of 10 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group were raised in a thermoneutral environment(22±2°C)and fed with a basal diet.The other four treatments were exposed to hyperthermic conditions(33±2°C,24 h in each day)and fed on the basal diet supplied with SeMet at 0.0,0.2,0.4,and 0.6 mg Se/kg,respectively,for 21 d.Results showed that CHS reduced(P<0.05)the growth performance,decreased(P<0.05)the breast muscle weight and impaired the meat quality of breast muscle in broilers.CHS induced protein metabolic disorder in breast muscle,which increased(P<0.05)the expression of caspase 3,caspase 8,caspase 9 and ubiquitin proteasome system related genes,while decreased the protein expression of P-4EBP1.CHS also decreased the antioxidant capacity and induced mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in breast muscle,which increased(P<0.05)the ROS levels,decreased the concentration of ATP,increased the protein expression of HSP60 and CLPX,and increased(P<0.05)the expression of ER stress biomarkers.Dietary SeMet supplementation linearly increased(P<0.05)breast muscle Se concentration and exhibited protective effects via up-regulating the expression of the selenotranscriptome and several key selenoproteins,which increased(P<0.05)body weight,improved meat quality,enhanced antioxidant capacity and mitigated mitochondrial stress and ER stress.What's more,SeMet suppressed protein degradation and improved protein biosynthesis though inhibiting the caspase and ubiquitin proteasome system and promoting the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway.In conclusion,dietary SeMet supplementation increases the expression of several key selenoproteins,alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress,improves protein biosynthesis,suppresses protein degradation,thus increases the body weight and improves meat quality of broilers exposed to CHS.

Chronic heat stress induces the disorder of gut transport and immune function associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in growing pigs

Although high temperatures influence gut health,data on underlying mechanisms remains scant.Using a pig model,this study performed a global analysis on how chronic heat stress affects the transport and immune function of the gut through transcriptome,proteome,microbial diversity and flow cytometry.A total of 27 pigs with similar body weights were assigned into 3 groups,control(Con)group(23℃),chronic heat stressed(HS)group(33°C),and pair-fed(PF)group,in a controlled environment for 21 days.Our results showed that pigs in the HS group had reduced growth performance and diminished height of ileal villi(P<0.01).Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated notable modification of expression of nutrients and ion transport-related transporters and gut mechanical barrier-related genes by chronic heart stress(P<0.05),suggesting damage of transport functions and the gut barrier.Chronic heat stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress also increased the synthesis of misfolded proteins,leading to upregulation of misfolded protein degradation and synthesis,as well as vesicle transport disorder(P<0.05).Energy supply processes were enhanced in the mitochondrion(P<0.05)to maintain biological processes with high energy demands.Furthermore,chronic heat stress activated complement cascade response-related genes and proteins in the gut mucosa(P<0.05).Our flow cytometry assays showed that the proportion of gut lymphocytes(CD4^(+)T cells,T cells,B cells in Peyer’s patch lymphocytes and CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells in intraepithelial lymphocytes)were significantly altered in the HS group pigs(P<0.05).In addition,the occurrence of gut microbial dysbiosis in the HS group pigs was characterized by increased potential pathogens(e.g.,Asteroleplasma,Shuttleworthia,Mycoplasma)and suppression of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Coprococcus and Aeriscardovia),which are associated with gut immune function.Altogether,our data demonstrated that chronic heat stress induced gut transport and immune function disorder associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in growing pigs.

Expression of Heat Stress Protein 70 mRNA in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Significance

The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the expression of heat stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in human bronchi smooth muscle cells were investigated in vitro, and the changes in Hsp70 mRNA in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their significance were explored. Human bronchi smooth muscle cells were cultured with CSE at the different concentrations. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was detected by reverse translation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Levels of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 in lymphocytes from 20 patients with COPD and 20 healthy smoking control subjects were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed the expression of both Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was decreased conformably in human bronchi smooth muscle cells treated with CSE at certain concentration in vitro. The A values of the Hsp70 mRNA expression were 0.24±0.11 and 0.42±0.13 respectively in COPD patients and healthy smoking controls with the difference being significant (P<0.01). There was also significant difference in the A values of the Hsp70 expression between COPD patients and healthy smoking controls (20.9±9.9 vs 44.8±15.3, P<0.01). The levels of Hsp70 mRNA had strongly positive correlation with Hsp70 protein (r = 0.85, P<0 01). It was suggested that the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was in concordance with the expression of Hsp70, which could provide a basis on the study of Hsp70 gene regulation and Hsp70 gene in the development of COPD.

豆蔻明对慢性热应激儋州鸡脏器系数、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及炎性因子的影响

【目的】研究旨在探讨豆蔻明(CDN)对慢性热应激儋州鸡脏器系数、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及炎性因子的影响。【方法】试验选取200只1日龄儋州鸡母鸡,随机分为5组,分别为对照组(CON),热应激组(HS),豆蔻明低(L-CDN)、中(M-CDN)和高剂量组(H-CDN),每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。CON和HS组饲喂基础饲粮,L-CDN、M-CDN、H-CDN分别在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg豆蔻明。试验期42 d,预试期21 d,正试期21 d。正试期间,HS、L-CDN、M-CDN、H-CDN组每天09:00~16:00饲养温度为(36±2)℃,其余时间饲养温度维持在(25±2)℃,CON组饲养全天温度维持在(25±2)℃。42 d时从每个重复选取2只体重接近的儋州鸡屠宰。采集血液制备血清,检测生化指标、抗氧化指标和血清炎性因子指标;采集肝脏、脾脏、胸腺及法氏囊等器官,计算脏器系数。【结果】(1)M-CDN、H-CDN组儋州鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)显著低于HS组(P<0.05),L-CDN、M-CDN、H-CDN组鸡血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量显著低于HS组(P<0.05),且除H-CDN组TG含量显著低于CON组外(P<0.05),其余均与CON组无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)与HS组相比,M-CDN和H-CDN组儋州鸡法氏囊指数显著上升(P<0.05),H-CDN组儋州鸡脾脏指数显著上升(P<0.05),3个试验组肝脏指数均显著降低(P<0.05),且均与CON组无显著差异(P>0.05)。其中,M-CDN、H-CDN组的法氏囊指数显著高于L-CDN组(P<0.05),H-CDN组的脾脏指数显著高于L-CDN、H-CDN组(P<0.05)。(3)与HS组相比,3个试验组儋州鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),M-CDN组儋州鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和H-CDN组儋州鸡血清SOD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著提高(P<0.05),且均与CON组无显著差异(P>0.05);3个试验组儋州鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),但仍显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。M-CDN、H-CDN组的SOD活性显著高于L-CDN组(P<0.05),H-CDN组的CAT、GSH-Px活性显著高于L-CDN、M-CDN组(P<0.05)。(4)与HS组相比,3个试验组儋州鸡血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量均显著降低(P<0.05);M-CDN、H-CDN组儋州鸡血清IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均显著降低,IL-10含量显著升高(P<0.05),且均与CON组无显著差异(P>0.05),3个试验组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加豆蔻明可以对热应激儋州鸡部分血清生化指标起到调节的作用,促进免疫器官的发育,增强机体免疫能力,缓解热应激带来的肝脏损伤,提高机体抗氧化能力,改善热应激诱导的免疫应激及炎症,儋州鸡慢性热应激豆蔻明推荐添加剂量为200 mg/kg。

慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠菌群结构和代谢的影响及日粮添加胍基乙酸作用效果研究

[目的]肠道微生物的组成和多样性对宿主的肠道发育和健康有着重要的影响。本试验旨在研究慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠微生物区系和代谢的影响及日粮添加胍基乙酸(guanidinoacetic acid,GAA)的缓解作用。[方法]选取体重相近的192羽28日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡,随机分成4个处理组:对照组(NC,22℃,自由采食饮水);热应激组(HS,32℃,自由采食饮水);采食配对组(PF,22℃,当天饲料饲喂量同前一天HS组肉鸡的饲料消耗量,自由饮水);热应激+胍基乙酸组(HG,32℃,日粮添加0.6 g·kg^(-1) GAA,自由采食饮水)。每处理6重复,每重复8只鸡。试验期为14 d。[结果]相较于NC组与PF组,热暴露显著降低盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)相对丰度,显著提高厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度(P<0.05)。LEfSe分析发现,与炎症相关的Oscillospiraceae、Erysipelatoclostridium在HS组显著富集。相较于NC组,热暴露显著提高盲肠中乙酸浓度、显著降低丁酸浓度(P<0.05)。相较于HS组,HG组的Actinobacteria相对丰度显著下降、乙酸浓度显著降低、丁酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。与抗炎相关的Geobacillus、Bacillaceae在HG组显著富集。[结论]慢性热应激使肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群结构和短链脂肪酸代谢改变;日粮添加GAA能够减轻慢性热应激对肉鸡盲肠菌群结构和短链脂肪酸代谢的不利影响。

绿原酸对慢性热应激肉仔鸡肠道屏障保护作用的研究

文章旨在研究绿原酸对慢性热应激肉仔鸡肠道屏障保护作用。试验选用28日龄的AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,对照组(Control组)饲养温度为(22±2)℃,其他3组饲养温度为(30±2)℃,其中慢性热应激组(HS组)每日饲喂基础日粮,绿原酸低剂量组和绿原酸高剂量组在基础日粮外的基础上分别添加绿原酸300 mg/kg和600 mg/kg,试验为期28 d。试验对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道抗氧化指标、炎性因子、热休克蛋白及屏障完整性相关蛋白基因表达进行了检测。结果表明,与HS组相比,在基础日粮中添加600 mg/kg绿原酸能显著提高其平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),显著提高热应激肉仔鸡肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性(P<0.05),显著降低过氧化代谢物丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05),显著抑制炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度(P<0.05),显著提高IL-10抗炎性因子的含量(P<0.05),显著降低热休克蛋白HSP27、HSP70、HSP90的基因表达(P<0.05),并显著促进与维持肠道屏障完整性相关的黏附蛋白Claudin1、Occludin和紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的基因表达(P<0.05)。综上所述,绿原酸能减少高温环境对肉仔鸡肠道造成的氧化应激,减少了肠道炎性因子分泌,显著提高肉仔鸡肠道组织抗热应激的能力,维持了肠组织屏障的完整性。

黄连温胆汤联合恩替卡韦对老年肝胆湿热证慢性乙型肝炎患者的影响

目的:探讨黄连温胆汤联合恩替卡韦对老年肝胆湿热证慢性乙型肝炎患者的影响。方法:选取2020年9月—2022年9月莆田涵江医院收治的98例老年肝胆湿热证慢性乙型肝炎患者作为研究对象。根据随机数表法将其分为联合治疗组和恩替卡韦组,各49例。恩替卡韦组给予恩替卡韦,联合治疗组给予黄连温胆汤联合恩替卡韦。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后中医症候积分、肝功能、HBV-DNA定量、肝纤维化指标、白细胞介素-22(IL-22)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、氧化应激指标及不良反应。结果:联合治疗组总有效率高于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组身目黄染、胁肋疼痛、小便黄赤评分均降低,联合治疗组身目黄染、胁肋疼痛、小便黄赤评分均低于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与总胆红素(TBIL)水平均降低,联合治疗组AST、ALT及TBIL水平均低于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组HBV-DNA定量及Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)水平均降低,联合治疗组HBV-DNA定量及PCⅢ、LN、HA水平均低于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-22、HSP70及丙二醛(MDA)水平均降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平均升高,联合治疗组IL-22、HSP70及MDA水平均低于恩替卡韦组,SOD、GSH-Px水平均高于恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:黄连温胆汤联合恩替卡韦能显著提高临床疗效,改善肝功能,有效防治肝纤维化,安全有效。

Acute pancreatitis:The stress factor

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may cause life-threatening complications.Etiologies of pancreatitis vary,with gallstones accounting for the majority of all cases,followed by alcohol.Other causes of pancreatitis include trauma,ischemia,mechanical obstruction,infections,autoimmune,hereditary,and drugs.The main events occurring in the pancreatic acinar cell that initiate and propagate acute pancreatitis include inhibition of secretion,intracellular activation of proteases,and generation of inflammatory mediators.Small cytokines known as chemokines are released from damaged pancreatic cells and attract inflammatory cells,whose systemic action ultimately determined the severity of the disease.Indeed,severe forms of pancreatitis may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome,characterized by a progressive physiologic failure of several interdependent organ systems.Stress occurs when homeostasis is threatened,and stressors can include physical or mental forces,or combinations of both.Depending on the timing and duration,stress can result in beneficial or harmful consequences.While it is well established that a previous acute-short-term stress decreases the severity of experimentally-induced pancreatitis,the worsening effects of chronic stress on the exocrine pancreas have received relatively little attention.This review will focus on the influence of both prior acute-short-term and chronic stress in acute pancreatitis.

Role of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons in the protective effects of heat shock factor 1 on working memory

Increasing evidence suggests that heat shock factor 1 exerts endogenous protective effects on working memory under conditions of chronic psychological stress. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined the protective factors affecting working memory in heat shock transcription factor 1 gene knockout mice. The results indicated that the number of correct T maze alternations decreased following mild chronic psychological stress in knockout mice. This change was accompanied by a decrease in neurogenesis and an increase in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The number of correct T maze alternations was positively correlated with neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus, and negatively correlated with neuronal apoptosis. In wild type mice, no significant difference was detected in the number of correct T maze alternations or neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results indicate that the heat shock factor 1 gene has an endogenous protective role in working memory during mild chronic psychological stress associated with dentate gyrus neuronal apoptosis Moreover, dentate gyrus neurogenesis appears to participate in the protective mechanism.

利胆方治疗肝胆湿热型慢性胆囊炎临床研究

目的:探究利胆方对肝胆湿热型慢性胆囊炎患者临床疗效、氧化应激、胃肠激素和趋化因子的影响。方法:选择2020年7月至2022年4月在河北以岭医院治疗的肝胆湿热型慢性胆囊炎患者194例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各97例。对照组采用西医联合安慰剂治疗,观察组采用西医联合利胆方治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、中医证候积分、胆囊功能及氧化应激、胃肠激素和趋化因子水平。结果:治疗后两组右上腹隐痛、腹胀、恶心呕吐和舌红苔黄腻评分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗后两组胆囊壁厚度、空腹胆囊容积和餐后残余容积均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.001);胆囊收缩率均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗后两组超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、胃动素、胃泌素水平均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.001);丙二醛、一氧化氮、血管活性肠肽和生长抑素水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.001)。治疗后两组单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和γ-干扰素诱导蛋白-10水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.001)。观察组临床总有效率为92.13%,对照组79.78%,疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:利胆方能够提高慢性胆囊炎患者的临床疗效,改善临床症状和胆囊功能,抑制氧化应激,调节胃肠激素,降低趋化因子水平,具有多靶点优势。

热应激对肉鸡抗氧化能力及腓肠肌纤维类型的影响

【目的】研究慢性热应激对黄羽肉鸡肝脏和肌肉的抗氧化能力与内质网应激以及腓肠肌肌纤维类型的影响.【方法】试验选用20只47日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为常温组和慢性热应激组,每组10只.鸡只饲养在人工气候室,试验期30 d.试验结束采集血液、肝脏和腓肠肌样品,利用试剂盒法检测血清生化指标、血清激素以及血清和肝脏抗氧化指标.利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测内质网应激(Endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)相关基因和腓肠肌不同肌纤维肌球蛋白重链(Myosin heavy chain,My HC)基因mRNA的表达.【结果和结论】慢性热应激显著降低肉鸡平均日增质量、血清甘油三酯(TG)、甲状腺激素(T3和T4)、胰岛素样生长因子1(Insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),显著升高血清皮质酮(CORT)水平(P<0.05).同时,慢性热应激显著升高血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量,降低血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05).此外,慢性热应激显著提高肉鸡肝脏和腓肠肌中热休克蛋白70(Heat shock protein 70,HSP70)基因以及腓肠肌中转录激活因子4(Activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)基因mRNA的表达(P<0.05),降低腓肠肌中葡萄糖调节蛋白78(Glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)基因mRNA的表达,而对肝脏中ATF4和GRP78基因mRNA的表达量无显著影响.最后,慢性热应激显著降低腓肠肌慢肌(Slow myofiber,SM)My HC基因mRNA表达量(P<0.05)而对快红肌(Fast red myofiber,FRM)和快白肌(Fast white myofiber,FWM)My HC基因mRNA表达量无影响.研究结果提示,慢性热应激可能通过降低血清生长和代谢激素、机体抗氧化能力以及引发细胞内质网应激影响肉鸡生长和腓肠肌纤维类型.

推拿对慢性应激大鼠抑郁行为的影响及其机制

目的:探讨推拿对慢性应激大鼠抑郁行为的影响及其作用机制。方法:制备慢性轻度不可预见性的应激大鼠模型[1-2],造模21 d后,进行推拿治疗14 d。分组:空白对照组、模型组、推拿组、氟西汀组,每组10只。每日推拿膀胱经重要穴位10 min(间隔2 min,共2次)。通过体质量检测、旷场、糖水消耗实验和水迷宫实验评价抑郁模型大鼠行为学改变情况;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)法检测大鼠海马及前额叶皮质组织中ERK/P-ERK、BDNF蛋白表达情况。结果:模型组与空白组比较,大鼠的体质量、旷场、糖水消耗实验和水迷宫数据均显著下降(P<0.01),P-ERK、BDNF蛋白含量均显著降低(P<0.01);推拿组和氟西汀组与模型组比较,大鼠的体质量、旷场实验、糖水消耗实验和水迷宫实验数据均显著上升(P<0.01),推拿组和氟西汀组大鼠海马及前额叶皮质组织中P-ERK、BDNF蛋白含量均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),氟西汀组升高更为显著(P<0.01)。结论:推拿可上调大鼠海马及前额叶皮质组织中ERK蛋白的磷酸化水平,激活ERK信号通路,促进效应蛋白BDNF的表达,改善慢性应激大鼠的抑郁行为。

NH_4Cl和NaHCO_3对肉用仔鸡慢性热应激的影响

３２０ 羽１ 周龄健康肉用雏鸡被随机分成４ 组， 经１ 周的适应后进行试验。组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ、组Ⅲ和组Ⅳ的日粮处理分别为： 基础日粮（Ｂ， 对照组） ， Ｂ＋ ０－５ ％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ ， Ｂ＋ ０－５ ％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ ＋ １ ％ ＮＨ４Ｃｌ 和Ｂ＋ １ ％ ＮＨ４Ｃｌ。试验为期５ 周。研究日粮中添加ＮａＨＣＯ３ 和ＮＨ４Ｃｌ 对慢性热应激肉用仔鸡的血液ｐＨ、ＣＯ２ 分压（ＰＣＯ２） 及生产性能的影响。结果表明： 在慢性热应激（２３ ～３５ ℃） 条件下， 肉用仔鸡未发生呼吸性碱中毒， 组Ⅱ的血液ＰＣＯ２高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ， 增重比对照组多９－４９ ％ ； 组Ⅲ血液ｐＨ 低于组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） ， 血液的ＰＣＯ２ 高于组Ⅰ和组Ⅳ（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） ， 增重比对照组多８－１９％ 。组Ⅳ的血液ｐＨ 值极显著低于对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） ， 比对照组少增重２－５ ％

慢性应激对大鼠心肌超微结构与热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的研究慢性应激对大鼠心肌细胞的损害和动员的保护因素。方法将青年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组11只和实验组12只。实验组大鼠每笼1只喂养。实验第1～21天,接受各种不同的应激。对照组大鼠群养不给任何刺激。实验第22天杀死所有大鼠,速取心左室心尖部心肌各4块,制成电镜切片用透射电镜观察,制成免疫组化切片免疫组化法检测蛋白HSP70表达,进行图像分析。结果与对照组相比,实验组体质量明显下降[(239.17±32.18)粒,P<0.01],水平穿越格数减少[(19.12±9.76)次,P<0.01]、直立次数减少[(9.47±3.93)次,P<0.05]、修饰次数减少[(3.98±2.19)次,P<0.05],粪便粒数增多[(4.83±2.13)粒,P<0.01]、中央格停留时间增加[(5.10±2.11)s,P<0.01]。结论慢性应激可引起大鼠体质量下降及行为学改变。慢性应激可引起心肌细胞超微结构改变,慢性应激可引起心肌HSP70表达增强。

慢性应激对大鼠主动脉超微结构与热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的:研究慢性应激对大鼠主动脉超微结构与热休克蛋白70(NSP70)表达的影响。方法:将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组11只和实验组12只。实验1￣21d,实验组接受各种不同的应激,单笼喂养。对照组群养,不给任何刺激。实验第22d取主动脉组织,透射电镜观察超微结构,免疫组化法检测热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达。结果:实验组体质量明显下降,水平穿越格数、直立次数、修饰次数减少,粪便粒数、中央格停留时间增加。实验组大鼠主动脉组织出现明显的超微结构改变:部分内皮脱落,平滑肌细胞由收缩表型向合成表型转化,向内膜迁移,线粒体变性。对照组主动脉超微结构基本正常。实验组主动脉HSP70表达高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:慢性应激可引起主动脉细胞超微结构改变。引起主动脉HSP70表达增强。HSP70既是一种保护因素,也是机体正在经历应激损伤的标志。

慢性热应激对猪肠道CD3^+T细胞表达的影响

以猪肠道CD3+T细胞为研究对象,旨在观察慢性热应激对猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响。12头小型猪随机平均分成热应激组和常温对照组两组。人工气候室内,热应激组模拟夏季炎热气候,气温从26～39℃24h循环变温,在39℃时维持4h;常温对照组在24℃下饲养。试验持续10d,热应激10d后39℃高温持续期结束剖杀试验猪,取其十二指肠中段、空肠及回肠中段进行固定、石蜡切片、免疫组织化学染色,观察十二指肠、空肠及回肠中CD3+T细胞数量的变化。结果显示:实验猪十二指肠黏膜上皮层、固有层及十二指肠肠腺均呈CD3强阳性,与对照组相比,CD3阳性面积系数显著上升(P<0.05);空肠和回肠黏膜上皮层的CD3阳性细胞数量也显著增加(P<0.05),而固有层中的CD3阳性细胞数量则无明显变化,增加的幅度小于十二指肠。慢性热应激中实验猪肠道结构严重受损,消化吸收功能严重下降,而肠道CD3+T细胞的增多,可能是机体肠道黏膜免疫功能的一种代偿性增强反应。

清肾颗粒对慢性肾衰竭湿热证患者氧化应激的干预作用

目的观察慢性肾衰竭湿热证患者血清中活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化,探讨清肾颗粒(白花蛇舌草、丹参、茵陈等)对氧化应激的干预作用。方法选择70例慢性肾衰竭湿热证患者,随机均分为对照组和治疗组,最终完成60例,治疗组31例,对照组29例,并设正常组20例。治疗组与对照组均给予中药保留灌肠及西医基础治疗,治疗组加服清肾颗粒,疗程均为8周。观察治疗前后24 h尿蛋白定量(U-Pro/24 h)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾小球滤过率估算值(e GFR)以及血清中ROS、MDA、SOD水平,并与正常组比较。结果治疗组临床疾病疗效和中医证候疗效总有效率均为83.87%,优于对照组的51.72%和48.28%。治疗后治疗组U-Pro/24 h、Scr、BUN水平显著下降,e GFR水平显著升高,且与对照组相比有明显差异。治疗组和对照组治疗前ROS、MDA水平均显著高于正常组,SOD水平均显著低于正常组;治疗后治疗组ROS、MDA水平均有所降低,SOD水平有所升高,治疗组优于对照组。结论清肾颗粒能改善慢性肾衰竭湿热证患者的临床症状,降低U-Pro/24 h、Scr、BUN,升高e GFR水平,抑制氧化应激,增强抗氧化能力,从而延缓肾纤维化的发展。