The impact of^(60)Co-γirradiation on the chemical constituents of Chuanxiong Rhizoma

Background:In order to clarify the inmpat ofγirradiation on the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine,this paper carefully choosed Chuanxiong Rhizoma to carry on a demonstration study.Methods:Through a meticulous assessment,a comprehensive comparison was made between the irradiated and unirradiated Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples.The property characteristics were investigated by colorimeter and electronic nose.The changes in chemical structures and contents was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy,high performance liquid chromatography and fingerprinting.In a quest to uncover the presence of any new radiolysis products,cutting-edge techniques like ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed.Moreover,the difference of antioxidant activity were investigated.Results:The irradiation doses within 12 kGy had no significant effects on the content of the main chemical components,characteristics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma,while changes in some functional groups and degradation of some volatile oil components containing olefins need further study.Conclusion:This study indicates that^(60)Co-γirradiation is a stable method for sterilization of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It’s also provide a reference for the establishment of irradiation standards for Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other aromatic medicinal plants.

Integrated network pharmacology analysis and in vitro cell experiments to reveal the mechanisms of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a liver disease of unknown etiology.A traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.(CX),it has been used about 2,000 years.Until now,the mechanism of action of CX on NAFLD remains unclear.Method:We first tested the toxicity of CX to AML12 cells with CCK-8.In vitro cell models of NAFLD were made using free fatty acid,and used Oil Red O staining tested lipid droplets.Then the active compounds of CX were collected from TCMSP and literatures,and SwissTargetPrediction,Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals,Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicin,Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine database were used to predict the targets of the compounds.DRUGBANK,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,Therapeutic Target Database,DisGeNET and GeneCards database were used to predict the targets of NAFLD.Use Venn diagram to obtained the intersection targets by,and analyzed the protein-protein intersection network.Use Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology to forecast the function of intersection genes.Molecular docking was used to evaluate the interaction between hub gene and active ingredients.Finally,use western blotting to determine the effects of CX on PPARA,PPARG,IL1B and TNF proteins.Result:CX can reduce the production of AML12 cell lipid droplets.A total of 15 chemical components were identified from CX.Folic acid,chrysophanol and sitosterol were the main components of CX against NAFLD.ALB,TNF,PPARG and PPARA proteins were the main targets of CX in the treatment of NAFLD.PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid degradation were closely related to anti-NAFLD.Molecular docking results shows that folic acid was the main active ingredient of CX for NAFLD treatment,and TNF is the main potential target.The cellular NAFLD model showed that CX up-regulated the expression of PPARA and PPARG protein and down-regulated inflammatory factor IL-1B and TNF expression.Conclusion:Our study suggests that CX has a therapeutic effect on NAFLDA,which may be related to the PPAR pathway and the reduction of inflammatory cytokines.

Exploring the mechanism of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma treating Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Backgroud:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing global prevalence.However,the development of drugs for PD treatment has not kept pace with the continuously growing number of patients.Currently,the search for new effective substances from natural drugs is a major research direction.Two Chinese medicinal materials,Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fangfeng)and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong),are commonly used in the treatment of PD in China.However,the mechanism of their combination is not clear,and further research is needed.Methods:Data were collected from publicly available databases:TCMSP,UnitProt,GeneCards OMIM,PharmGKB,Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank.Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods was used to analyze the data to discover the possible pharmacological effects of the two drugs in the treatment of PD.Results:Beta-sitosterol,Mandenol and Wallichilide were the active components of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(FC),and they stably bonded with PD targets,including PTGS2,CASP3,AKT1 and JUN.The target genes of FC were significantly enriched in PD-associated pathways,including calcium signaling and apoptosis pathways.Moreover,the study revealed that the active components of FC may affect cellular structures,such as membrane rafts,membrane microdomains,membrane regions,and postsynaptic membranes,which,in turn,affect a variety of molecular functions and biological processes.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the direction for clarifying the pharmacodynamic substances of FC,the extraction method of pharmacodynamic substances,as well as the mechanism and efficacy of pharmacodynamic substances.Importantly,this study provides a strategy for developing new therapeutic drugs for PD.

The mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on glaucomatous optic nerve injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Based on network pharmacology,this study predicted the potential molecular mechanism and related pathways of the protective effect of traditional Chuanxiong Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese herb,on glaucomatous optic nerve injury,and conducted in vitro experimental verification of the predicted results of network analysis.We analyzed the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the potential treatment of glaucoma by revealing its main active ingredients and predicting its targets,so as to provide reference for subsequent basic research.Network pharmacological research results showed that the potential hub targets and key signaling pathways of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of glaucoma were closely related to biological processes such as apoptosis,autophagy,inflammation,oxidative stress and angiogenesis.Molecular docking showed that many active ingredients,such as chrysophanol(CHR),myricanone and retinol,could combine well with their target proteins by intermolecular forces,especially CHR had strong binding ability with each target.We speculated that the main active component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma might be involved in the regulation of PI3K-Akt,Nod-like receptor,IL-4 and IL-13,MAPK,AGE-RAGE and neurotrophin signaling pathway by regulating of PI3K,Akt,TLR4,RAGE,NTRK2 and other key targets.Furthermore,it may achieve multi-directional intervention on apoptosis/autophagy,inflammation/immunity,oxidative stress and nutrient metabolism of axoplasma flow,and then delay the degeneration of optic nerve injury.In vitro experiments showed that the active component CHR of Chuanxiong Rhizoma could reverse the M1-type polarization and autophagy/apoptosis of mouse microglia(BV2)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the transcriptional level.Meanwhile,the expression of inflammatory mediators IL-1βand TNF-αwas inhibited,and the mRNA level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased.In addition,CHR down-regulates activation of the RAGE-NOX4 pathway mediated by LPS in reducing oxidative stress.In this study,network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were integrated for the first time to explore the potential molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese herb“Chuanxiong Rhizoma”in the treatment on glaucoma,and CHR was innovatively proposed as an important ingredient in Chuanxiong Rhizoma that plays a protective role in the damage of optic nerve.Preliminary verification was conducted through in vitro experiments.The results suggest that Chuanxiong Rhizoma may interfere with autophagy and apoptosis,inhibit immune inflammation,as well as reduce oxidative stress in the treatment of glaucoma through the active components represented by CHR,so as to resist progressive optic nerve injury.Our study provides theoretical basis for the clinical use of Chinese herbal medicine or its extract in glaucoma,and also lays a solid foundation for the research of Chinese medicine in the field of optic nerve protection.

Exploring the scientific rationality of“Different dosage forms of the same prescription”base on Q-markers of pulvis and pill of Chuanxiong Chatiao Prescription

Objective:To predict and analyze the potential Q-markers of Chuanxiong Chatiao Prescription,and the pharmacokinetic properties of pulvis and pills in vivo were studied,which provided a basis for the rational evaluation of the phenomenon of“Different Dosage Forms of the Same Prescription”.Methods and Material:Q-markers analysis of Chuanxiong Chatiao Prescription based on the“Five Principles”(traceability and transmissibility,specificity,effectiveness,prescription compatibility and testability).The content determination method of Q-markers in Chuanxiong Chatiao Prescription was established by UPLC,and the content difference of Q-markers in the two dosage forms ware determined and compared.The Q-markers in rabbit plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS method,and the pharmacokinetic parameters of Q-markers in pulvis and pills were analyzed.Results:A total of 16 potential Q-markers from the“Five Principles”were used,nine components of tetramethylprazine,ferulic acid,glycyrrhizin,glycyrrhizic acid,luteolin,cimicifugoside,senkyunolideⅠ,isoimperatorin,nodakenin were identified as Q-markers of Chuanxiong Chatiao Presciption.The content of tetramethylprazine and other components in the pulvis form was found to be significantly higher than that in the pills,while the content of senkyunolideⅠwas lower than that in the pills,which may be related to the preparation process of the dosage form and the physicochemical properties of the components.Compared with pulvis,the Tmax and t_(1/2)of ferulic acid and other components in pills were significantly prolonged.To a certain extent,it can explain the classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine“Components in pulvis release quickly and take effect in fast-acting manner,while in pills release slowly and take effect in slow-acting”.Meanwhile,the Cmax and AUC0-t of tetramethylprazine and other components in pills were higher than those in pulvis,which showed unexpected pharmacokinetic characteristics,indicating the complexity of compounding and the importance of dosage form design.Conclusions:A method for the determination of Q-markers content was established by UPLC,which provide reference for the quality control of Chuanxiong Chatiao Prescription.In vivo studies have found the pharmacokinetic parameters indicate the absorption and distribution characteristics of pulvis and pills.However,it is also found that the release behavior of different components not only affected by the dosage form but also closely related to their own physical and chemical properties.

川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort)种植地的土壤动物群落特征

采用大型手捡、Tullgren干漏斗和Baermann湿漏斗法对川芎种植基地土壤动物群落进行调查.结果显示,试验所采集土壤动物平均密度为3.13×104只/m2,其中,川芎样地土壤动物平均密度为1.35×104只/m2,11个类群;菜地土壤动物平均密度为4.91×104只/m2,15个类群.同功能种团分析表明,菜地的杂食性和腐食性土壤动物密度显著高于川芎地(P<0.05),植食性和捕食性显著低于川芎样地(P<0.05).菜地的DG和C指数高于川芎样地,而J和H'指数低于川芎样地.表明川芎种植对土壤动物群落分布与多样性特征产生一定影响.

Study on Rhizoma Chuanxiong based on capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection(CE-AD) method has been developed for the analysis of seven bioactive ingredients,namely ferulic acid(FA),vanillin,vanillic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid and protocatechuic acid,in Rhizoma Chuanxiong.The effects of several factors such as the acidity and concentration of running buffer,the separation voltage,the applied potential to working electrode and the injection time were investigated.Under the optimum condit...

Study on pharmacological effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on vascular neuropathic headache

Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in the umbelliferae family.Chuanxiong Rhizoma pungent,warm,go to liver,gallbladder and pericardium.Effective in promoting blood circulation,promoting Qi,dispelling wind and relieving pain,it could treat chest pain,tingling pain in chest and flank,lump,irregular menstruation,amenorrhea,symptomatic abdominal pain,headache and rheumatic pain.Neurovascular headache is a primary disease caused by dysregulation of intracranial vascular movement and nerve function.It has the characteristics of long course,intermittent recurrent attacks,lingering and difficult to heal.Attacks are often accompanied by many plant nervous system symptoms,such as rapid breathing,accelerated heart rate,vomiting,and gastrointestinal dysfunction.Vascular nerve headache is a common clinical disease,frequently bidity.Studies have shown that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has good pharmacological effects in the treatment of vascular neuropathic headache.①The action of Qi and blood circulation:vascular and neurovascular headache is caused by the evil of external wind and cold and damp heat,which leads to the disconnection of the veins,the disorder of Qi and blood,the obstruction of Qi and blood channels,the loss of brain collateral,and finally causes migraine.Modern Chinese medicine points out that"wind,blood stasis,deficiency,phlegm"are the key factors of the disease.Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the medicine of Qi in the blood.It is pungent and warm.It is good at activating blood and promoting Qi,dispelling wind,relieving pain and dispelling cold,so as to achieve the effect of treating vascular headaches.②Improve brain circulation:angioneurotic headache is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system related to the regulation of vascular movement,which causes vasospasm or extreme vasodilation,and the decrease of intracranial blood flow causes cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.Sodium ferulate is a chemical component in Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It has a relatively good inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and the release of 5-HT from platelets.It can ensure the normal contraction of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels,improve the patient′s brain circulation and nerve function,so as to achieve the effect of treating angioneurotic headaches.③Sedative and analgesic effect:the volatile oil and water decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma have sedative and analgesic effects,and the water decoction can counteract the excitatory effect of caffeine.Studies have shown that the ATP activation current of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons can be inhibited by ligustrazine in a non-competitive way,which also indicates that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has a good analgesic effect.In this study,the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on angoneeurotic headache were reviewed,and the pharmacological effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were further elucidated,providing basis for clinical application and new drug development of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of angoneeurotic headache.

Rhizoma Chuanxiong regulates vascular endothelial growth factor production in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in peri-infarct rat brain tissue

BACKGROUND： Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） acts as ＂molecular bridge＂ following ischemic stroke to improve and restore blood supply and reduce infarction volume. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Rhizoma Chuanxiong （Chuanxiong） in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether it promotes endogenous VEGF expression in ischemic stroke remains unknown. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influence of Rhizoma Chuanxiong on VEGF production in vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and on VEGF expression in ischemic cerebral tissues to explore its role in angiogenesis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro basic comparison of traditional Chinese drug-containing serum pharmacology; in vivo randomized, controlled, animal experiment. This study was performed at the Medical Laboratory of West China Hospital, Sichuan University between December 2002 and April 2004. MATERIALS： Two Chinese rabbits were selected. One was intragastrically perfused with 5.8 g/kg Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract twice per day for three consecutive days to prepare Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract-containing serum. The remaining rabbit was intragastrically perfused with the same volume of normal saline twice per day for three consecutive days. Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract was provided by Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, predominantly composed of ligustrazine, ligustilide, and ferulic acid. ChemiKineTM human VEGF Kit was purchased from Chemicon, USA; mouse anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody and biotin-goat anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Inc., USA. METHODS： （1） In vitro experiment： in vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were separately incubated in rabbit serum with 10% Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract, normal medium without rabbit serum, and rabbit serum without Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract （blank control）. In addition, cells from the three groups were incubated under normoxia （5% CO2, 95% air） and hypoxia （1% 02, 5% CO2, 94% N2）, respectively, for 24 hours. （2） In vivo experiment： a total of 4/44 Sprague Dawley rats were selected for the sham-operated group （no occlusion）, and the remaining rats were used to establish a cerebral ischemiaJreperfusion model by suture occlusion. 32 animals with ischemia/reperfusion injury were randomly divided into treatment and model groups, with 16 rats in each group. Both groups were intraperitoneally infused with 0.58 g/kg Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract and normal saline two hours following reperfusion. The sham-operated group was administrated normal saline. Animals were treated with saline or Chuanxiong extracts （0.58 g/kg） twice per day for three consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： VEGF concentration was detected in each group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo experiment： behavioral alterations of rats were evaluated by neurological function scale; infarct volume was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining; VEGF protein expression in the infarct regions was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： （1） VEGF levels were similar between the three groups under normexic condition （P 〉 0.05）; while hypoxia induced VEGF production （P 〈 0.01 ）. VEGF levels in the drug-containing serum group were particularly higher compared with the other groups （P 〈 0.01）. （2） Compared with normal saline treatment, Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract significantly improved the neurological scale and reduced cerebral infarct volumes （P〈 0.05）. The percent of VEGF-positive cells was significantly greater than the model group （P 〈 0.05）. The sham-operated group exhibited normal neurological function, with no infarct focus. CONCLUSION： Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract-containing rabbit serum effectively promoted cultured VEGF production under hypoxia. Rhizoma Chuanxiong extract upregulated VEGF expression in the infarct region, improved neurological function, and reduced infarct size.

Study on the mechanism of “Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza” couplet medicine for coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:To study the active components and gene targets of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)based on network pharmacology,and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Based on oral bioavailability(OB)>30%and drug-like(DL)>0.18,the active components of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”for CHD were screened and the targets of treating CHD were predicted by using TCMSP and GeneCards database.The active component-CHD target network was established by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by utilizing String database.Finally,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using Bioconductor and R language.Results:The study predicted 72 active components in total,including 7 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.and 65 Salvia miltiorrhiza,such asβ-sitosterol,tanshinone.Totally 96 target genen of active components were obtained,including PTGS1,NCOA2,NOS2,etc.Results of GO enrichment analysis showed 142 biological processes,related to adrenergic receptor activity,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,etc.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed 131 pathways,including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine exerts therapeutic effects on CHD from multiple targets as PTGS1,PTGS2 and adrenergic receptor activity and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The study can provide reference for further researches on its mechanism and the pharmacological effects of Shenzhi Tongxin Capsule.

Effect of Ligusticum Chuanxiong on Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats and Its Mechanism

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Chuanxiong in alleviating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats by inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling. Methods: Thirty healthy and clean male SD rats weighing (180 - 220) g were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): normoxia group (n), hypoxia group (H) and Chuanxiong group (L). Group N was fed in normoxic environment, and the other two groups were fed in hypoxic (9% 11% O2) environment for 4 weeks, 8 h/D, 6 days a week. Rats in group L were gavaged with Ligusticum chuanxiong solution diluted with normal saline at the concentration of 300 mg/kg, and rats in group H were gavaged with equal volume of normal saline. After 4 weeks, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was measured. After pulmonary perfusion, the right ventricular free wall and left ventricle plus ventricular septum were taken to measure the right ventricular hypertrophy index. The changes of pulmonary morphology and ultrastructure were observed under light microscope. Results: Compared with group n, the average pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index in the other two groups increased, and the thickening of pulmonary vascular wall was obvious under microscope (P Conclusion: Ligusticum chuanxiong can relieve pulmonary artery pressure in rats by inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Clinical study on Chuanxiong Hualiu Mixture in the treatment of blood stasis and phlegm stagnation type of ovarian cyst

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Chuanxiong Hualiu Mixture in the treatment of blood stasis and phlegm stagnation type of ovarian cyst and the effects on physical and chemical indicators.Methods: A total of 80 patients with blood stasis and phlegm stagnation type of ovarian cyst were randomly divided into two groups, research group (n=40) took Chuanxiong Hualiu Mixture, control group (n=40) took Guizhi Fuling Capsule, 3 months was a course of treatment, and the curative effect was compared between two groups.Results:(1) The overall response rate of Chuanxiong Hualiu mixture group after 3 months of treatment was 82.5%, that of Guizhi Fuling Capsule group was 62.5%, the overall response rate of Chuanxiong Hualiu mixture group was higher than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant;(2) before and after treatment, sex hormone and hemorheology index E2 of both groups decreased significantly, whole blood viscosity, whole blood reduced viscosity and plasma viscosity decreased significantly, the results were statistically significant, but there was no difference between two groups;(3) rank sum test of TCM symptom efficacy between two groups before and after treatment showed that the overall response rate of Chuanxiong Hualiu mixture group was 95%, the overall response rate of Guizhi Fuling Capsule group was 85%, the overall response rate of research group was better than that of control group, and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:Chuanxiong Hualiu mixture has good curative effect for the treatment of ovarian cyst, it can effectively improve the patients' blood stasis and phlegm stagnation constitution, and its mechanism of action is associated with lowering estrogen levels and improving hemorrheology.

Development of Chuanxiong Toothpaste and Establishment of Its Quality Standard

The quality standard of Chuanxiong toothpaste was established.HPLC was used to determine the content of ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste and TLC was used to identify the Chuanxiong in the toothpaste.The content of active ingredients extracted from Traditional Chinese medicine by decocting water was high,and the corresponding toothpaste had a good hemostatic effect.The identification by use of thin layer chromatography(TLC)showed with clear spots and strong specificity for both the test product and the control product(Levistilide A)as observed under ultraviolet light(254 nm)with n-hexane-ethyl acetate(3∶1)as the developing agent,which could be used as the basis for the qualitative identification of Chuanxiong toothpaste.The ferulic acid in the range of 0.019,3~0.481,7μg mL^(-1) showed a good linear relationship with the peak area and the recovery rate of sample was between 99.5%and 101.2%.This method was simple,stable and reliable,and could be used as the quality control method for ferulic acid in Chuanxiong toothpaste.

Network pharmacology research of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the treatment of vascular dementia

Objective:Using network pharmacology to explore the target and mechanism of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the treatment of vascular dementia(VaD),so as to provide a reference for treating VaD through them.Methods:Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform were used to screen the main active ingredients and targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma.By means of Gene Cards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM),targets of VaD were collected.The intersecting targets were obtained by using the Venn map.The String online database was used to build a protein-protein interactions Network and the Metascape database was used to perform GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.A“drug-ingredient-target-pathway”network was constructed by Cytoscape software.Autodock vina software was used to conduct molecular docking between targets.Results:A total of 7 active ingredients in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and 4 active ingredients in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma were screened.There were 42 active targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and 70 active targets of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and 1152 disease targets.After deleting the repeat value,51 drugs targets were obtained.After the intersection,with a total of 25 targets.According to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis,the main biological processes involved include cellular response to lipid,negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway,blood circulation,response to a steroid hormone,etc.The main pathways include pathways in cancer,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,etc.Molecular docking showed that the most active docking combinations were AKT1 and Perlolyrine,RELA and FA,MAPK14 and FA,respectively.Conclusion:Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma play an important role in the treatment of VaD mainly by anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis.

Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts prevent liver fibrosis via targeting CTCF-c-MYC-H19 pathway

Objective:Hepatic fibrosis has been widely considered as a conjoint consequence of almost all chronic liver diseases.Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong in Chinese,CX)is a traditional Chinese herbal product to prevent cerebrovascular,gynecologic and hepatic diseases.Our previous study found that CX extracts significantly reduced collagen contraction force of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Here,this study aimed to compare the protection of different CX extracts on bile duct ligation(BDL)-induced liver fibrosis and investigate plausible underlying mechanisms.Methods:The active compounds of CX extracts were identified by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Network pharmacology was used to determine potential targets of CX against hepatic fibrosis.Bile duct hyperplasia and liver fibrosis were evaluated by serologic testing and histopathological evaluation.The expression of targets of interest was determined by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and Western blot.Results:Different CX extracts were identified by tetramethylpyrazine,ferulic acid and senkyunolide A.Based on the network pharmacological analysis,42 overlap targets were obtained via merging the candidates targets of CX and liver fibrosis.Different aqueous,alkaloid and phthalide extracts of CX(CX_(AE),CX_(AL) and CXP_(HL))significantly inhibited diffuse severe bile duct hyperplasia and thus suppressed hepatic fibrosis by decreasing CCCTC binding factor(CTCF)-c-MYC-long non-coding RNA H19(H19)pathway in the BDL-induced mouse model.Meanwhile,CX extracts,especially CX_(AL) and CX_(PHL) also suppressed CTCF-c-MYC-H19 pathway and inhibited ductular reaction in cholangiocytes stimulated with taurocholate acid(TCA),lithocholic acid(LCA)and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β),as illustrated by decreased bile duct proliferation markers.Conclusion:Our data supported that different CX extracts,especially CX_(AL) and CX_(PHL) significantly alleviated hepatic fibrosis and bile duct hyperplasia via inhibiting CTCF-c-MYC-H19 pathway,providing novel insights into the anti-fibrotic mechanism of CX.

Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil in Supercritical CO_2

有超级批评 CO_2 ( SC-CO_2 )的 Ligusticum Chuanxiong 油的抽取在从 25 MPa 从 55deg 6号元素碳的化学符号 到 70deg 6号元素碳的化学符号和压力到提取的油在抽取的 constanttemperature.The 起始斜率与压力增加了的 Ligusticum Chuanxiong 的 35MPa .The 质量的温度被调查被看作油的溶解度 inSC-CO_2.Chrastil 方程习惯于 Chrastil 方程也是的 Ligusticum Chuanxiong oil.Animproved 的溶解度数据介绍了的相互关联并且被采用相关溶解度 data.Thecorrelation 结果证明偏差是的平均绝对亲戚的价值 5.94 %and3.33%分别地，显示改进版本比那个 ofChrastil 方程有更好的关联精确性。

Fabrication of nano Rhizama Chuanxiong particles and determination of tetramethylpyrazine

Rhizama Chuanxiong is a kind of traditional medicinal herb used to promote blood circulation and eliminate wind to relieve pain. In this work, nano Rhizoma Chuanxiong particles were successfully prepared by high speed centrifugal sheering (HSCS) pulverizer. The influence of processing parameters on the size of Rhizama Chuanxiong particles and the different properties between nano Rhizoma Chuanxiong particles and original fine powder were systematically studied by ZetaPALS light scattering granulometric analyzer and optical microscope. The content of effective ingredient tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results illustrate that general Rhizama Chuanxiong powder can be ultrafinely ground to nanometer within 50 min, and the cellular tissues of Rhizoma Chuanxiong are broken into pieces and dispersed stably and homogeneously after being ultrafinely ground. In addition, the active ingredients can dissolve out directly and fully, and the extraction ratio of TMP is increased 32.2% by HSCS processing.

Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts prevent cholestatic liver injury by targeting H3K9ac-mediated and cholangiocyte-derived secretory protein PAI-1 and FN

Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CX,the dried rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii Franch.),a well-known traditional Chinese medicine,is clinically used for treating cardiovascular,cerebrovascular and hepatobiliary diseases.Cholestatic liver damage is one of the chronic liver diseases with limited effective therapeutic strategies.Currently,little is known about the mechanism links between CX-induced anti-cholestatic action and intercellular communication between cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of different CX extracts including the aqueous,alkaloid,phenolic acid and phthalide extracts of CX(CX_(AE),CX_(AL),CX_(PA)and CX_(PHL))and investigate the intercellular communication-related mechanisms by which the most effective extracts work on cholestatic liver injury.The active compounds of different CX extracts were identified by UPLC-MS/MS.A cholestatic liver injury mouse model induced by bile duct ligation(BDL),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)-treated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cholangiocytes(HIBECs)and HSC cell line(LX-2 cells)were used for in vivo and in vitro studies.Histological and other biological techniques were also applied.The results indicated that CX_(AE),CX_(AL)and CX_(PHL)significantly reduced ductular reaction(DR)and improved liver fibrosis in the BDL mice.Meanwhile,both CX_(AE)and CX_(PHL)suppressed DR in injured HIBECs and reduced collagen contraction force and the expression of fibrosis biomarkers in LX-2 cells treated with TGF-β.CX_(PHL)suppressed the transcription and transfer of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)and fibronectin(FN)from the‘DR-like’cholangiocytes to activated HSCs.Mechanistically,the inhibition of PAI-1 and FN by CX_(PHL)was attributed to the untight combination of the acetyltransferase KAT2A and SMAD3,followdd by the suppression of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation(H3K9ac)-mediated transcription in cholangiocytes.In conclusion,CX_(PHL)exerts stronger anti-cholestatic activity in vivo and in vitro than other CX extracts,and its protective effect on the intracellular communication between cholangiocytes and HSCs is achieved by reducing KAT2A/H3K9ac-mediated transcription and release of PAI-1 and FN.

外源Cd对川芎苓种萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本研究旨在探究不同浓度镉(Cd)对川芎苓种萌发和幼苗生长的影响。采用以石英砂为基质的水培试验,施加不同浓度CdCl 2·2.5 H 2O(0、0.1、0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol/L)溶液处理川芎苓种,研究Cd胁迫对川芎苓种萌发、幼苗生长、生理代谢及Cd含量的影响。结果显示,随着Cd浓度的增加,株高抑制率、根长抑制率上升;根、叶及节盘Cd含量显著升高;株高、根长、叶鲜重、根鲜重下降;抗氧化酶(过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶)活性、非酶系统物质(可溶性蛋白、谷胱甘肽、脯氨酸)含量以及丙二醛含量先升高后降低。研究表明,0.1~2.0 mmol/L Cd对川芎苓种萌发和早期幼苗生长均有明显的毒害作用,随着Cd胁迫浓度的升高毒害作用增强,其中川芎幼苗根对Cd胁迫最敏感。Cd胁迫下川芎幼苗生理生化指标整体上呈现低促高抑的Hormesis效应。川芎幼苗通过提高抗氧化酶活性和非酶系统物质积累,减少膜系统损伤、活性氧蓄积,缓解Cd毒害作用,提高耐受性。

基于正交设计优化新鲜川芎中挥发油提取工艺

为优化川芎挥发油提取工艺,建立以新鲜川芎为原料提取制备挥发油的新方法,采用正交试验设计对乙醇回流提取工艺条件进行优化,并进一步考察优选回收浓缩、油水分离等关键工艺参数。以藁本内酯和洋川芎内酯A作为指标成分,应用HPLC一测多评法进行含量测定。以提取量、油收率、油含量为评价指标,最终确定川芎挥发油提取制备新方法为:鲜川芎切片,加8倍量70%乙醇回流提取2次(以干药材计,第一次需测定鲜川芎水分,调节乙醇浓度为70%),每次1.5 h,滤液回收浓缩至2.0~3.0 g生药/mL,静置过夜,弃去水层,上层乳化层加热至60℃离心,分取油层,余下乳化层再加氯化钠至饱和并加热至60℃离心,合并油层,即得川芎挥发油。新方法所得川芎挥发油收率约为3%,藁本内酯和洋川芎内酯A含量达70%。该研究所建立的新方法生产设备要求低、操作简便易行,可实现川芎挥发油的高效制备,且含量高、品质优,为川芎挥发油的工业化生产提供了新思路和新方法。