Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L.,a traditional Uighur medicine,against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of a Cichorium intybus L.extract(CIE)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS:Seventy-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups of twelve rats each.The normal control group was allowed free access to food and water.Liver injury was performed in the remaining five groups with an i.p.injection of a 1.0mL/kg CCl4 and olive oil(2:3 v/v)mixture,twice weekly for 8 weeks.All rats,with the exception of the injury model group,were intragastrically(i.g.,)administered quantum satis(q.s.)dosages[CIE group:6,18,and 54 mg/kg,respectively;Fu Fang Bie Jia Ruan Gan Pian(FFBJRGP)group:780 mg/kg].The oral administration of different drugs was performed on the day before CCl4 administration and subsequently once per day for8 wk.The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hexadecenoic acid(HA),laminin(LN),hydroxyproline(Hyp),and glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the rat livers were measured.Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed for each group using HE staining and a Masson Trichrome examination.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was examined by immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS:CIE at oral doses of 6,18,and 54 g/kg per day showed a significant hepatoprotective effect,especially at a dose of 54 g/kg per day.CIE doses reduced the levels of AST(149.04±34.44,P<0.01),ALT(100.72±27.19,P<0.01),HA(548.50±65.09,P<0.01),LN(28.69±3.32,P<0.01)and Hyp(263.33±75.82,P<0.01).With regards to hepatoprotective activity,the CIE dose of 54 g/kg per day produced the largest significant effect by increasing GSH(3.11±0.81),SOD(269.98±33.77,P<0.01)and reducing MDA(2.76±0.51,P<0.01)levels in the liver.The expressions of TGF-β1 andα-SMA were measured by immunohistology and found to be significantly reduced by CIE in a dose-dependent manner.

Effects of the Mixture of <i>Cichorium intybus</i>L. and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i>on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder affecting the liver function is rapidly increasing and there is a need to develop new and more efficient treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon mixture infusion (2.5 and 0.5 g/100mL and twice/day) on patients with NAFLD. This before-after clinical trial study was performed on 25 patients with NAFLD. They were administered the mixture of extract prepared in special bags twice a day for 30 days. Hepatic and metabolic markers of NAFLD like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma and also, fatty liver ultrasonographic grading were determined before and after using the extracts. 30-day treatment with extracts in NAFLD patients resulted in a significant decrease in ALT and AST. FBS, TG and ALP were also decreased after administration of the extracts but not significantly. A significant linear correlation was found between age and ALP, and between gender and liver enzymes. It is concluded that the mixture of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon extracts has some benefits in NAFLD patients making them valuable for future investigations.

Effects of chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is slowly turning into apandemic as well as a major challenge across the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is described as a range ofliver conditions such as fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, or end-stage liver disease. Patients with nonalcoholicfatty liver disease are asymptomatic and their mortality is higher than people without nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been clearly determined yet. The “two hits”hypothesis is designed to explain the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyslipidemia, oxidativestress, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation are some of the morbidities involved in the progressionof nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an herbaceous perennial, known as chicory.Chicory contains various compounds, such as vitamins, sonchuside A, caffeic acid derivatives,fructo-oligosaccharides, chlorogenic acid, magnolialide, polysaccharides, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenoids,flavonoids, polyphenol, cichoriosides, ixerisosides, eudesmanolides, inulin, bitter sesquiterpene lactones, andalkaloids. Current research has revealed that chicory supplementation might be effective in the treatment ofnonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic,antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties of chicory provide plausible mechanisms by which chicory mayaffect the various steps of disease progression and severity. Existing studies have shown that chicorysupplementation has beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the existence of only one humanstudy and possible side effects of chicory necessitate further studies.

Advances in Research of Cichorium intybus L.in Preventing and Treating Hyperuricemia

With the rapid social development,people s living habits have undergone great changes.Fast-paced lifestyles have led to an increase in people s unhealthy living habits,especially in diet,such as unreasonable dietary structure and irregular diet.In this situation,the number of patients with hyperuricemia has also been increasing,and the hyperuricemia trend is becoming younger.Clinically,western medicines for lowering uric acid are commonly used,which are not safe and have the risk of injuring the liver and kidney functions.Cichorium intybus L.as a medicinal and edible material,plays an important role in treating the hyperuricemia.Recent studies have shown that C.intybus has significant effect of lowering the uric acid.This paper reviewed the experimental studies of C.intybus inhibiting uric acid production and promoting uric acid excretion,discussed its therapeutic effects and action mechanism,to provide a reference for the development of C.intybus drugs for lowering the uric acid.

菊苣中酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD指纹图谱及抗氧化活性谱-效关系

建立不同产地菊苣的高效液相色谱-电化学检测法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemical Detection,HPLC-ECD)指纹图谱,采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力来评价菊苣的体外抗氧化活性,并应用皮尔逊分析、灰色关联度分析和偏最小二乘法回归分析研究菊苣指纹图谱与抗氧化活性之间的“谱-效”关系,探寻菊苣的抗氧化活性成分。该研究从建立的21批不同产地的菊苣指纹图谱中,指认出13个酚类化学成分。菊苣提取物的最高总酚含量达30.76 mg GAE/g,其峰面积与抗氧化活性的相关系数大于0.92,“谱-效”关系研究表明对抗氧化活性贡献较大的有菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、异绿原酸C,表明其化学成分与抗氧化活性之间具有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。该研究建立的HPLC-ECD的菊苣指纹图谱结合统计分析方法研究“谱-效”,既体现样品化学成分的差异性,又可直接反映样品的抗氧化活性,该方法简单、可靠,为菊苣的质量评价及产品开发提供参考。

HPLC测定菊苣药材中的有效成分

目的测定菊苣药材中有效成分的含量。方法采用HPLC法。结果秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、山莴苣苦素、羽扇豆醇的回收率分别为102.01%、102.99%、102.86%、101.06%,RSD分别为2.84%、2.60%、1.12%、2.47%,其回归方程的相关系数分别为0.9995、0.9998、0.9996、0.9992。结论所用方法准确、快速、简便、重复性好,可用于菊苣有效成分的含量测定。

HPLC法测定菊苣中黄酮类成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定菊苣中黄酮类成分含量的方法。方法:色谱柱:Scienhome C18(4.6mm×200mm,5μm),检测波长350nm;柱温30℃;流速1mL/min。结果:木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在0.0024～0.0192μg内线性良好,y=2000000x-443.39r,=0.9999,回收率为102.7%,RSD为0.82%;木犀草素在0.01464-0.11712μg内线性良好,y=2000000x-2058.1r,=0.9999,回收率为103.4%,RSD为0.52%。结论:采用该方法进行含量测定准确可靠,重现性好。

菊苣再生体系建立及转AFL2基因的研究

以菊苣叶片为外植体,研究建立高效再生体系和农杆菌介导的稳定转化体系。结果表明:再生频率从48%提高至100%;单叶盘再生芽数达12个;试管苗叶片与农杆菌菌株PIG121Hm共培养3d,在附加卡那霉素20mg/L和头孢霉素600mg/L再生培养基上选择培养2周后,叶片再生出转化芽,绿芽率达8.6%,转化芽在附加30mg/L卡那霉素培养基中长大并继代增殖,初步鉴定是转化芽。

不同采收期对菊苣根系营养成分和芽球产量的影响

以自选的菊苣株系为研究对象,于2020年9月9日播种,播种后76~181 d每隔1周左右采收1次,测定根的糖分、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量以及软化后芽球的形态指标,探讨不同采收期对根系营养成分及芽球产量的影响。结果表明:根和叶含水量均随气温下降而降低并在大寒节气前后达到最低点;在播种后76~153 d,根的总糖含量持续增加,而还原糖含量则为当最低气温低于0℃且持续时间较长时增加,153 d以后根的总糖含量逐渐下降而还原糖含量的变化规律也发生了改变;根的可溶性蛋白质含量在104~146 d明显下降,游离氨基酸含量在90~160 d上升,以后下降。相关性分析表明,播种后76~153 d采收的植株,其芽球直径和重量分别与根的干重、总糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量呈显著相关,芽球转化率仅与单位重量根中的还原糖含量呈显著相关,软化天数分别与根干重、总糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量呈显著负相关。综合分析表明,所选菊苣株系在越冬期间未发生冻害,适当延期采收可使包括糖分和氨基酸在内的干物质充分积累,在南京地区1月初至2月上旬采收植株有利于保证芽球产量和品质。

菊苣活性成分研究进展

菊苣是一种分布广泛的菊科植物,主要以多糖类、黄酮类、多酚类、倍半萜内酯类、香豆素类等活性成分,还含有矿物质、氨基酸、维生素等成分,被认为是一种食品功能的潜在载体。本文主要针对菊苣不同生物活性研究进展进行归纳,为菊苣的研究开发和利用提供借鉴参考。

菊苣种子中五种生物活性成分检测分析

采用加热回流法提取菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子中的总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚、总皂苷、总生物碱的含量,利用紫外可见分光光度计测定其吸光度,计算活性成分含量率。结果表明,菊苣种子中菊苣总多糖(29%)、总黄酮(19%)含量较高,总多酚(11%)、总皂苷(8%)含量相近,总生物碱含量最低(2%)。该方法提取工艺简便,重现性好,具有一定的参考价值。

菊苣的营养成分及在动物生产中的应用进展

菊苣中含有大量的营养成分,包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物质元素,具有生物活性的酚类、挥发油、倍半萜内酯等化合物。因菊苣具有鲜草产量高、营养价值高等特点,在动物饲料中被广泛应用。菊苣味道鲜美,并且具有清肝利胆、健胃消食等药用价值,目前已经成为食品、药物的提取原料。文章综述了菊苣作为饲用牧草的饲用价值和在动物生产中的应用研究进展,为菊苣在动物生产中的进一步推广与应用提供参考。

菊苣根提取物的抑菌活性研究

采用离体的试验方法测定了菊苣根的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物对7种植物病原真菌和3种细菌的抑制活性。采用盆栽试验方法测定了菊苣根提取物对小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物均有一定的抑制植物病原真菌和细菌活性。且乙酸乙酯提取物效果更佳。在10 g.L-1浓度下,乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制小麦赤霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌和烟草赤星病菌3种病原真菌菌丝的生长,抑制率均在85%以上;对小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌和烟草赤星病菌的孢子萌发抑制率也均在80%以上;对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达21.01 mm和17.23 mm;对盆栽小麦白粉病的预防和治疗作用分别为50.93%和65.82%。

导入APX基因提高了普那菊苣植株的抗逆性

采用农杆菌介导的方法,把CaMV35S启动子驱动的来自棉花(Gossypiumspp.)的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)基因导入普那菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.cv.Puna)。结果表明:经过卡那霉素(Km)筛选和对抗性植株的PCR和Southern杂交分析,证明APX基因成功地整合到普那菊苣基因组中。转APX基因普那菊苣植株对NaCl和甘露醇胁迫表现出一定的抗性,在NaCl浓度为500mmol.L-1、甘露醇浓度为30g.L-1的条件下,转APX基因不定芽能够正常生根和生长,转基因植物叶片外植体能够形成愈伤组织和再生植株,而野生型植株不定芽不能正常生根、已生根幼苗不能正常成长,野生型植株叶片不能形成愈伤组织。

菊苣菊粉提取与纯化研究

以普那菊苣为原料，对菊苣菊粉提取、纯化工艺进行了优化研究。结果表明，菊粉提取的最佳工艺条件为：原料为粉状，温度85℃，固液比为1：30，提取时间为60min，菊粉的提取率达58．58％。纯化时石灰乳脱蛋白的最佳处理温度为70～80℃。提取液最佳脱色工艺条件为：脱色温度70℃，脱色时间50min，活性碳用量为20g／L，脱色率为69．13％，菊粉损失率为7．93％。

盐胁迫对菊苣幼苗脯氨酸积累及其代谢途径的影响

以菊苣(Cichoriumintybus L.)为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理对菊苣幼苗体内脯氨酸代谢的影响,以期揭示菊苣中脯氨酸代谢的基本规律。结果表明:随着处理浓度的增加,菊苣中鸟氨酸δ-氨基转移酶(δ-OAT)活性呈上升趋势;吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性呈现先升后降的趋势;脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性呈下降趋势;而脯氨酸含量则显著上升(P<0.05),但高浓度长时间处理后略有降低。研究表明,NaCl胁迫下谷氨酸(Glu)途径和鸟氨酸(Orn)途径对菊苣中脯氨酸的积累均有贡献,低浓度胁迫时P5CS起关键作用的Glu途径占主导地位,高浓度胁迫时δ-OAT起关键作用的Orn途径占主导地位。

普那菊苣高效再生体系建立和遗传转化研究

普那菊苣为菊科多年生草本植物,从国外引种后已在我国得到广泛种植。普那菊苣草质柔嫩,适口性优良,营养丰富,牛、羊、猪、鱼、兔极喜食,是一种非常优良的牧草,具有广阔的发展前景。本研究通过对不同激素浓度配比实验,建立普那菊苣的高频再生体系,结果表明MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L培养基可高效诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化,1/2MS培养基可快速诱导根的生成,形成再生植株。通过构建植物表达载体pBI121-GFP,利用农杆菌介导转化普那菊苣以探寻高效的普那菊苣转化体系,结果显示以农杆菌LBA4404为介导菌株、以叶片为转化受体、3d预培养时间和3d共培养时间以及350mg/L羧苄青霉素和40mg/L卡那霉素筛选浓度转化效果较好,为利用普那菊苣生产动物口服型疫苗建立了初步的技术基础。

氮磷钾施肥量对饲用菊苣生产性能的影响

研究NPK施肥量对饲用菊苣生产性能的影响。结果表明,在北京地区中等肥力土壤,春播菊苣在莲座叶丛期施尿素600kg/hm2,过磷酸钙450kg/hm2,氯化钾150kg/hm2为最佳施肥方案,不仅能提高干物质产量和单株重量,促进其快速再生,而且每公顷增加净收入达452.9元,产生了较好的经济效益。

普那菊苣总酚提取工艺的研究

研究了普那菊苣中总酚的最佳提取工艺条件。在单因素试验的基础上,用正交试验法对总酚的提取工艺进行优选,选用L9(34)进行正交试验,以总酚含量为指标,考察提取温度、提取时间以及料液比对总酚提取的影响。得到的最佳工艺条件为:以水为提取溶剂,温度80℃,时间2 h,料液比(质量∶体积)1∶15,提取2次。

菊苣种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析

采用正交施肥试验设计与大样本取样,于2007年对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子产量及其构成因子进行研究,并通过相关分析、通径分析及回归分析,明确影响种子产量的主要因子和提高种子产量的主要因子,以期了解并掌握相应的关键技术。结果表明:菊苣的花序数、生殖枝数和种子产量主要受水肥条件控制;每株生殖枝数、每株花序数和千粒重是影响菊苣种子产量的主要因素,其回归模型为Y=-13.8887+1.73862X2+0.00241X3+21.7579X6;提高每株生殖枝数和每株花序数是菊苣种子高产的关键技术措施。