Haemoglobin Measurement from Eye Anterior Ciliary Arteries through Borescope Camera

Nowadays,smartphones are used as self-health monitoring devices for humans.Self-health monitoring devices help clinicians with big data for accurate diagnosis and guidance for treatment through repetitive measurement.Repetitive measurement of haemoglobin requires for pregnant women,pediatric,pulmonary hypertension and obstetric patients.Noninvasive haemoglobin measurement through conjunctiva leads to inaccurate measurement.The inaccuracy is due to a decrease in the density of goblet cells and acinar units in Meibomian glands in the human eye as age increases.Furthermore,conjunctivitis is a disease in the eye due to inflammation or infection at the conjunctiva.Conjunctivitis is in the form of lines in the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball.Moreover,small blood vessels in eye regions of conjunctiva inflammations are not visible to the human eye or standard camera.This paper proposes smartphone-based hae-moglobin(SBH)measurement through a borescope camera from anterior ciliary arteries of the eye for the above problem.The proposed SBH method acquires images from the anterior ciliary arteries region of the eye through a smartphone attached with a high megapixel borescope camera.The anterior ciliary arteries are projected through transverse dyadic wavelet transform(TDyWT)and applied with delta segmentation to obtain blood cells from the ciliary arteries of the eye.Furthermore,the Gaussian regression algorithm measures haemoglobin(Hb)with more accuracy based on the person,eye arteries,red pixel statistical parameters obtained from the left and right eye,age,and weight.Furthermore,the experimen-tal result of the proposed SBH method has an accuracy of 96%in haemoglobin measurement.

Effects of brinzolamide on rabbit ocular blood flow in vivo and ex vivo

AIM：To investigate if significant improvement of optic disc blood flow（ODBF） occurs after instillation of brinzolamide onto rabbit eyes.METHODS：Testing of bilateral intraocular pressure（IOP） and left ODBF in 10 male rabbits took place every 3 h over a 24 h period.Brinzolamide（1% ophthalmic solution,two drops at 9：00 and 21：00） was administered to the left eye.ODBF,assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy,was determined as the mean blur rate（MBR）.Furthermore,the effect of brinzolamide on isolated rabbit ciliary arteries using isometric tension recording system was performed.RESULTS：After brinzolamide instillation,IOP was significantly decreased in the left eye.MBR-vessel was greater at 18：00 and 21：00（P〈0.05） than in the controls.MBRtissue and MBR-average were greater at 18：00（P〈0.05） than in the controls.For isolated arteries pre-contracted with a high-K solution,brinzolamide induced concentration-dependent relaxation,reaching 46.1%±9%（n=21） at 1 mmol/L.In Ca^2＋-free solutions,incubation with brinzolamide suppressed 1 μmol/L histamine-induced contractions（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION：Brinzolamide decreases IOP and increases ocular blood flow.The direct vasodilatory effect of brizolamide is mediated by suppression of Ca^2＋ release from intracellular calcium stores.