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On the spreading behavior of a droplet on a circular cylinder using the lattice Boltzmann method
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作者 杨帆 金虎 戴梦瑶 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期434-443,共10页
The study of a droplet spreading on a circular cylinder under gravity was carried out using the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann high-density ratios multiphase model with a non-ideal Peng–Robinson equation of state... The study of a droplet spreading on a circular cylinder under gravity was carried out using the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann high-density ratios multiphase model with a non-ideal Peng–Robinson equation of state. The calculation results indicate that the motion of the droplet on the cylinder can be divided into three stages: spreading, sliding, and aggregating.The contact length and contact time of a droplet on a cylindrical surface can be affected by factors such as the wettability gradient of the cylindrical wall, the Bond number, and droplet size. Furthermore, phase diagrams showing the relationship between Bond number, cylinder wall wettability gradient, and contact time as well as maximum contact length for three different droplet sizes are given. A theoretical foundation for additional research into the heat and mass transfer process between the droplet and the cylinder can be established by comprehending the variable rules of maximum contact length and contact time. 展开更多
关键词 lattice Boltzmann methods DROPLET circular cylinder wettability gradient
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Magnetohydrodynamic Conjugate Free Convective Heat Transfer Analysis of an Isothermal Horizontal Circular Cylinder with Temperature Dependent Viscosity
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作者 NHM. A. Azim 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第10期3384-3401,共18页
Heat transfers due to MHD-conjugate free convection from the isothermal horizontal circular cylinder while viscosity is a function of temperature is investigated. The governing equations of the flow and connected boun... Heat transfers due to MHD-conjugate free convection from the isothermal horizontal circular cylinder while viscosity is a function of temperature is investigated. The governing equations of the flow and connected boundary conditions are made dimensionless using a set of non-dimensional parameters. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. Numerical results are obtained for various values of viscosity variation parameter, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, and conjugate conduction parameter for the velocity and the temperature within the boundary layer as well as the skin friction coefficients and heat transfer rate along the surface. 展开更多
关键词 Conjugate Free Convection Horizontal circular cylinder Implicit Finite Difference Method MHD Temperature Dependent Viscosity
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Flow Dynamics around Two Side by Side Circular Cylinders with Alternating Movements
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作者 Alice Rosa da Silva 《World Journal of Mechanics》 2023年第1期1-19,共19页
The flow dynamics is analyzed through two-dimensional numerical simulations around two circular cylinders arranged side by side, with 4 combinations of alternating motions. All simulations are performed for Re = 1000,... The flow dynamics is analyzed through two-dimensional numerical simulations around two circular cylinders arranged side by side, with 4 combinations of alternating motions. All simulations are performed for Re = 1000, amplitude of oscillation (A) equal to 3, frequency ratio (f<sub>r</sub>) of 0.5, specific rotation (α) equal to 0.5 and different values of spacing ratio (L/D). It is verified that the combination of the type of movement, together with the position of one cylinder in relation to the other, exerts significant influence on the flow dynamics, as well as on the pressure distribution around the cylinder surface and on the average values of the fluid dynamics coefficients. The smallest value of the average pressure coefficient (C<sub>p</sub> = -3.3), is obtained for the oscillating cylinder when placed side by side with the clockwise rotation cylinder, case 3 and L/D = 1.5. On the other hand, the lowest mean drag coefficient (C<sub>d</sub> = 1.0788), is obtained for the cylinder with counterclockwise rotation, located in the lower position in relation to oscillating cylinder in the upper position, with spacing between them of 1.5. Furthermore, it is observed that the rotation movement is more effective in reducing drag than the rotation-oscillation movement, for the studied frequency ratio. 展开更多
关键词 ROTATION Rotation-Oscillation Flow Dynamic circular cylinder
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Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder based on LES method 被引量:1
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作者 陈海龙 戴绍士 +1 位作者 李佳 姚熊亮 《Journal of Marine Science and Application》 2009年第2期110-116,共7页
The hydrodynamic characteristics of a rigid, single, circular cylinder in a three dimensional, incompressible, uniform cross flow were calculated using the large-eddy simulation method of CFX5. Solutions to the three ... The hydrodynamic characteristics of a rigid, single, circular cylinder in a three dimensional, incompressible, uniform cross flow were calculated using the large-eddy simulation method of CFX5. Solutions to the three dimensional N-S equations were obtained by the finite volume method. The focus of this numerical simulation was to research the characteristics of pressure distribution (drag and litt forces) and vortex tubes at high Reynolds numbers. The results of the calculations showed that the forces at every section in the spanwise direction of the cylinder were symmetrical about the middle section and smaller than the forces calculated in two dimensional cases. Moreover, the flow around the cylinder obviously presents three dimensional characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 LES method three-dimensional flow past circular cylinder hydrodynamic characteristics
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Unsteady Numerical Simulation of Flow around 2-D Circular Cylinder for High Reynolds Numbers 被引量:7
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作者 Yanhui Ai Dakui Feng +1 位作者 Hengkui Ye Lin Li 《Journal of Marine Science and Application》 2013年第2期180-184,共5页
In this paper, 2-D computational analyses were conducted for unsteady high Reynolds number flows around a smooth circular cylinder in the supercritical and upper-transition flow regimes, i.e. 8.21×104〈Re〈1.54&#... In this paper, 2-D computational analyses were conducted for unsteady high Reynolds number flows around a smooth circular cylinder in the supercritical and upper-transition flow regimes, i.e. 8.21×104〈Re〈1.54×106. The calculations were performed by means of solving the 2-D Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations with a k-ε turbulence model. The calculated results, produced flow structure drag and lift coefficients, as well as Strouhal numbers. The findings were in good agreement with previous published data, which also supplied us with a good understanding of the flow across cylinders of different high Reynolds numbers. Meanwhile, an effective measure was presented to control the lift force on a cylinder, which points the way to decrease the vortex induced vibration of marine structure in future. 展开更多
关键词 circular cylinder vortex shedding high Reynolds number Strouhal numbers lift control measure marine structure unsteady numerical simulation
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Viscous Effects on Wave Forces on A Submerged Horizontal Circular Cylinder 被引量:7
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作者 TENG Bin MAO Hong-fei LU Lin 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第3期245-255,共11页
Numerical simulations are carried out for wave action on a submerged horizontal circular cylinder by means of a viscous fluid model, and it is focused on the examination of the discrepancies between the viscous fluid ... Numerical simulations are carried out for wave action on a submerged horizontal circular cylinder by means of a viscous fluid model, and it is focused on the examination of the discrepancies between the viscous fluid results and the potential flow solutions. It is found that the lift force resulted from rotational flow on the circular cylinder is always in anti-phase with the inertia force and induces the discrepancies between the results. The influence factors on the magnitude of the lift force, especially the correlation between the stagnation-point position and the wave amplitude, and the effect of the vortex shedding are investigated by further examination on the flow fields around the cylinder. The viscous numerical calculations at different wave frequencies showed that the wave frequency has also significant influence on the wave forces. Under higher frequency and larger amplitude wave action, vortex shedding from the circular cylinder will appear and influence the wave forces on the cylinder substantially. 展开更多
关键词 submerged horizontal circular cylinder wave force lift force vortex effect
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Experimental Study on Local Scour Around A Large Circular Cylinder Under Irregular Waves 被引量:6
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作者 周益人 陈国平 《海洋工程:英文版》 EI 2004年第2期245-256,共12页
A series of physical model tests are conducted for local scour around a circular cylinder of a relatively large diameter (0 15< D/L <0.5) under the action of irregular waves. The laws of change of the topogra... A series of physical model tests are conducted for local scour around a circular cylinder of a relatively large diameter (0 15< D/L <0.5) under the action of irregular waves. The laws of change of the topography around the cylinder are systematically studied. The effects of wave height, wave period, water depth, sediment grain size and cylinder diameter are taken into account. The mechanism of formation of the topography around the cylinder is analyzed. A detailed analysis is given to bed sediment grain size, and it is considered that the depth of scour around the cylinder under wave action is not inversely proportional to the sediment grain diameter. On such a basis, an equation is proposed for calculation of the maximum depth of scour around a cylinder as well as its position under the action of irregular waves. 展开更多
关键词 large circular cylinder local scour irregular waves
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DNS in evolution of vorticity and sign relationship in wake transition of a circular cylinder:(pure)mode A 被引量:3
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作者 L.M.Lin Z.R.Tan 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第6期1131-1149,共19页
In the present paper,the spatio-temporal evolution of vorticity in the first wake instability,i.e.,(pure)mode A,is investigated in order to understand the wake vortex dynamics and sign relationships among vorticity co... In the present paper,the spatio-temporal evolution of vorticity in the first wake instability,i.e.,(pure)mode A,is investigated in order to understand the wake vortex dynamics and sign relationships among vorticity components.Direct numerical simulation(DNS)for the flow past a circular cylinder is performed,typically at a Reynolds number of 200,in the three-dimensional(3-D)wake transition.According to characteristics of time histories of fluid forces,three different stages are identified as the computational transition,the initial stage and fully developed wake.In the second initial stage,the original two-dimensional spanwise vortices become obviously three-dimensional associated with the streamwise or vertical vorticity intensified up to about 0.1.As a matter of fact,these additional vorticities,caused by the intrinsic 3-D instability,are already generated firstly on cylinder surfaces early in the computational transition,indicating that the three-dimensionality appeared early near the cylinder.The evolution of additional components of vorticity with features the same as mode A shows that(pure)mode A can be already formed in the late computational transition.Through careful analysis of the vorticity field on the front surface,in the shear layers and near wake at typical times,two sign laws are obtained.They illustrate intrinsic relationships among three vorticity components,irrelevant to the wavelength or Fourier mode and Reynolds number in(pure)mode A.Most importantly,the origin of streamwise vortices is found and explained by a new physical mechanism based on the theory of vortex-induced vortex.As a result,the whole process of formation and shedding vortices with these vorticities is firstly and completely illustrated.Other characteristics are presented in detail. 展开更多
关键词 Wake transition circular cylinder VORTICITY Mode A Sign law
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Large-eddy simulation of circular cylinder flow at subcritical Reynolds number:Turbulent wake and sound radiation 被引量:3
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作者 Li Guo Xing Zhang Guowei He 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第1期1-11,共11页
The flows past a number 3900 are simulated circular cylinder at Reynolds using large-eddy simulation (LES) and the far-field sound is calculated from the LES results. A low dissipation energy-conserving finite volum... The flows past a number 3900 are simulated circular cylinder at Reynolds using large-eddy simulation (LES) and the far-field sound is calculated from the LES results. A low dissipation energy-conserving finite volume scheme is used to discretize the incompressible Navier- Stokes equations. The dynamic global coefficient version of the Vreman's subgrid scale (SGS) model is used to com- pute the sub-grid stresses. Curie's integral of Lighthill's acoustic analogy is used to extract the sound radiated from the cylinder. The profiles of mean velocity and turbulent fluctua- tions obtained are consistent with the previous experimental and computational results. The sound radiation at far field exhibits the characteristic of a dipole and directivity. The sound spectra display the -5/3 power law. It is shown that Vreman's SGS model in company with dynamic procedure is suitable for LES of turbulence generated noise. 展开更多
关键词 Flows past circular cylinder Aerodynamicnoise Large-eddy simulation Unstructured grid Acousticanalogy
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RANS-VOF Solver for Solitary Wave Run-up on A Circular Cylinder 被引量:20
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作者 曹洪建 万德成 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2015年第2期183-196,共14页
Simulation of solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder is carried out in a viscous numerical wave tank developed based on the open source codes Open FOAM. An incompressible two-phase flow solver naoe-FOAM-... Simulation of solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder is carried out in a viscous numerical wave tank developed based on the open source codes Open FOAM. An incompressible two-phase flow solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is used to solve the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations with the SST k ?? turbulence model. The PISO algorithm is utilized for the pressure-velocity coupling. The air-water interface is captured via Volume of Fluid(VOF) technique. The present numerical model is validated by simulating the solitary wave run-up and reflected against a vertical wall, and solitary wave run-up on a vertical circular cylinder. Comparisons between numerical results and available experimental data show satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, simulations are carried out to study the solitary wave run-up on the cylinder with different incident wave height H and different cylinder radius a. The relationships of the wave run-up height with the incident wave height H, cylinder radius a are analyzed. The evolutions of the scattering free surface and vortex shedding are also presented to give a better understanding of the process of nonlinear wave-cylinder interaction. 展开更多
关键词 RANS VOF solitary wave circular cylinder numerical wave tank naoe-FOAM-SJTU solver
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A Study of Lift Force and Instantaneous Velocity Field Around an Oscillating Circular Cylinder 被引量:2
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作者 C.A.Greated 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1997年第4期419-430,共12页
Force measurements of oscillatory flow acting on a single circular cylinder have been carried out. The experiments were done by oscillating a circular cylinder in still water. Instantaneous forces and velocity fields ... Force measurements of oscillatory flow acting on a single circular cylinder have been carried out. The experiments were done by oscillating a circular cylinder in still water. Instantaneous forces and velocity fields around the cylinder were measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The Keulegan-Carpenter number (KC) varied in the range from 5 to 20 and the viscous parameter beta = Re / KC was set at 500 (Re is Reynolds number). It was found that the strength and frequency of the lift force increased with KC number, the main frequency of the lift force being three times the frequency of the oscillatory flow at KC = 20. The movement and strength of the vortices around the cylinder are discussed for different KC numbers. 展开更多
关键词 particle image velocimetry oscillatory polo single circular cylinder force measurement lift force velocity field vortex pattern VORTICITY
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Numerical Simulation of Local Scour Around A Large Circular Cylinder Under Wave Action 被引量:2
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作者 赵明 滕斌 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2001年第3期371-382,共12页
A horizontal two-dimensional numerical model is developed for estimation of sediment transport and sea bed change around it large circular cylinder tinder wave action, The wave model is based on an elliptic mild slope... A horizontal two-dimensional numerical model is developed for estimation of sediment transport and sea bed change around it large circular cylinder tinder wave action, The wave model is based on an elliptic mild slope equation. The wave-induced current by the gradient of radiation stress is considered and a depth integrated shallow water equation is applied to the calculation of the current. The mass transport velocity and the bed shear stress due to streaming are considered, which are important factors affecting the sediment transport around a structure due to waves, especially in reflective areas. Wave-current interaction is taken into account in the model for computing the bed shear stress. The model is implemented by it finite element method, The results of this model are compared with those from other methods and agree well with experimental data. 展开更多
关键词 local scour sediment transport wave action CURRENT numerical simulation circular cylinder
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A Finite Element Solution of Wave Forces on Submerged Horizontal Circular Cylinders 被引量:3
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作者 赵明 滕斌 谭丽 《海洋工程:英文版》 2004年第3期335-346,共12页
In this paper, a numerical model is established for estimating the wave forces on a submerged horizontal circular cylinder. For predicting the wave motion, a set of two dimensional Navier Stokes equations is solved ... In this paper, a numerical model is established for estimating the wave forces on a submerged horizontal circular cylinder. For predicting the wave motion, a set of two dimensional Navier Stokes equations is solved numerically with a finite element method. In order to track the moving non linear wave surface boundary, the Navier Stokes equations are discretized in a moving mesh system. After each computational time step, the mesh is modified according to the changed wave surface boundary. In order to stabilize the numerical procedure, a three step finite element method is applied in the time integration. The water sloshing in a tank and wave propagation over a submerged bar are simulated for the first time to validate the present model. The computational results agree well with the analytical solution and the experimental data. Finally, the model is applied to the simulation of interaction between waves and a submerged horizontal circular cylinder. The effects of the KC number and the cylinder depth on the wave forces are studied. 展开更多
关键词 finite element method Navier-Stokes equations wave force circular cylinder
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Numerical simulation of flow past twin near-wall circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds number 被引量:2
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作者 Guo-qiang Tang Chuan-qi Chen +1 位作者 Ming Zhao Lin Lu 《Water Science and Engineering》 EI CAS CSCD 2015年第4期315-325,共11页
Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step fi... Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step finite element method at a relatively low Reynolds number of Re -- 200 for various dimensionless ratios of 0.25 ≤ G/D ≤2.0 and 1.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 4.0, where D is the cylinder diameter, L is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, and G is the gap between the lowest surface of the twin cylinders and the plane wall. The influences of G/D and L/D on the hydrodynamic force coefficients, Strouhal numbers, and vortex shedding modes were examined. Three different vortex shedding modes of the near wake were identified according to the numerical results. It was found that the hydrodynamic force coefficients and vortex shedding modes are quite different with respect to various combinations of G/D and L/D. For very small values of G/D, the vortex shedding is completely suppressed, resulting in the root mean square (RMS) values of drag and lift coefficients of both cylinders and the Strouhal number for the downstream cylinder being almost zero. The mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder is larger than that of the downstream cylinder for the same combination of G/D and L/D. It is also observed that change in the vortex shedding modes leads to a significant increase in the RMS values of drag and lift coefficients. 展开更多
关键词 Navier-Stokes equations Finite element method circular cylinder Vortex shedding mode Hydrodynamic force coefficient
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Analysis of Interaction of Plane Waves with Multiple Circular Cylinders 被引量:2
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作者 朱大同 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 1999年第4期453-458,共6页
The interaction of water waves with multiple circular cylinders is analysed briefly in this paper. The formula obtained by Linton and Evans is improved to introduce a relation of phase between cylinders. The condition... The interaction of water waves with multiple circular cylinders is analysed briefly in this paper. The formula obtained by Linton and Evans is improved to introduce a relation of phase between cylinders. The condition for the existence of the solution has been proved. The numerical results are compared with analytic solutions (Linton and Evans), numerical solutions and experimental data (Isaacson), and good agreement has been found. 展开更多
关键词 water wave PHASE circular cylinders INTERACTION
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Prediction of Streamwise Flow-Induced Vibration of A Circular Cylinder in the First Instability Range 被引量:2
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作者 徐万海 余建星 +2 位作者 杜杰 成安康 康昊 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI 2012年第4期555-564,共10页
The streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with symmetric vortex shedding in the first instability range is investigated, and a wake oscillator model for the dynamic response prediction is proposed. ... The streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with symmetric vortex shedding in the first instability range is investigated, and a wake oscillator model for the dynamic response prediction is proposed. An approach is applied to calibrate the empirical parameters in the present model; the numerical and experimental results are compared to validate the proposed model. It can be found that the present prediction model is accurate and sufficiently simple to be easily applied in practice. 展开更多
关键词 streamwise flow-induced vibrations circular cylinder wake oscillator model first instability range
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Convective heat transfer from two rotating circular cylinders in tandem arrangement by using lattice Boltzmann method 被引量:2
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作者 H. NEMATI M. FARHADI +2 位作者 K. SEDIGHI M. M. PIROUZ N. N. ABATARI 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2012年第4期427-444,共18页
The numerical investigation of the two-dimensional laminar flow past two ro- tating circular cylinders in the tandem arrangement is conducted by the lattice Boltzmann method. The numerical strategy is used for dealing... The numerical investigation of the two-dimensional laminar flow past two ro- tating circular cylinders in the tandem arrangement is conducted by the lattice Boltzmann method. The numerical strategy is used for dealing with curved and moving boundaries of the second-order accuracy for velocity and temperature fields. The effects of various rotational speed ratios and gap spacing are studied with the Reynolds number of 100 and the Prandtl number of 0.71. A varied range of rotational speed ratios are investigated for four different gap spacing, i.e., 3.0, 1.5, 0.7, and 0.2. The results show that, for the first cylinder, the lift and drag coefficients for large gap spacing are similar to those for a single cylinder; for the second cylinder, the lift coefficient descends with the increase in the angular velocity for all gap spacing, while the drag coefficient ascends except for the gap spacing of 3.0. The results of the averaged periodic Nusselt number on the surface of the cylinders show that, for small distances between the cylinders and low angular velocities, conduction is a dominant mechanism of heat transfer, but for large distances and high angular velocities, convection is the main mechanism of heat transfer. 展开更多
关键词 lattice Boltzmann method rotating circular cylinder laminar flow curvedand moving boundary
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Performance Investigation of 2D Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Forces on a Circular Cylinder 被引量:2
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作者 陈同庆 张庆河 程亮 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2010年第6期417-423,共7页
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to simulate the uniform flow past a circular cylinder. The performance of the two-dimensional LBM model on the prediction of force coefficients and vortex shedding freque... The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to simulate the uniform flow past a circular cylinder. The performance of the two-dimensional LBM model on the prediction of force coefficients and vortex shedding frequency is investigated. The local grid refinement technique and second-order boundary condition for curved walls are applied in the calculations. It is found that the calculated vortex shedding frequency, drag coefficient and lift coefficient are consistent with experimental results at Reynolds nu... 展开更多
关键词 lattice Boltzmann method flow past a circular cylinder large eddy simulation grid refinement secondorder curved boundary treatment drag and lift coefficients
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Investigation of scale efect for the computation of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder 被引量:2
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作者 Lin Lin Yan-Ying Wang 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第5期641-648,共8页
In order to investigate the scale effect of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder, two similarity numbers (criteria) based on turbulent kinetic and dissipation rates associ- ated with the fluctuation characteris... In order to investigate the scale effect of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder, two similarity numbers (criteria) based on turbulent kinetic and dissipation rates associ- ated with the fluctuation characteristics of turbulence wake are deduced by analyzing the Reynolds averaged NavierStokes equations (RANS). The RNG k-s models and finite volume method are used to solve the governing equations and the second-order implicit time and upwind space discretization algorithms are used to discrete the governing equations. A numerical computation of flow parameters around a two-dimensional circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers ranging from 102 to l07 is accomplished and the result indicates that the fluctuation of turbulence flow along the center line in the wake of circular cylinder can never be changed with increasing Reynolds numbers when Re ≥ 3 × 10^6. This conclusion is useful for controlling the scale of numerical calculations and for applying model test data to engineering practice. 展开更多
关键词 Turbulent flow Flow around circular cylinder Scale effect Dynamic similarity
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NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH SURFACE SUCTION OR BLOWING USING VORTICITY-VELOCITY METHOD 被引量:2
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作者 LING Guo-ping(凌国平) +1 位作者 FANG Jian-wen(方健雯) 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2002年第9期1089-1096,共8页
A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently so... A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too. 展开更多
关键词 circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing separated vortex flow around bluff body and its control vorticity-velocity method preconditioned conjugate gradient method
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