Radiographic Circularity of Capitellum and Its Relation to the Range of Motion

Background: The shape of the capitellum has been traditionally described in anatomy books as part of a sphere. Alteration in the capitellar morphology following pathologies such as fractures, osteochondrosis, and degenerative arthritis has been associated with less optimum functional results. Aim: To define the relationship between the sphericity of the capitellar morphology as measured on trauma series plain radiographs and the elbow range of motion. Methods: 40 patients were included in the study. All patients recruited from the upper limb clinics presented with non-elbow joint-related complaints. The elbow range of motion was measured using a standardized technique. Digital anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of patients’ elbows were used to measure capitellar circularity using the ImageJ processing program and circularity calculation equation. Correlation analyses were conducted between the degree of capitellar sphericity and elbow range of motion. Results: The results of measurements from the anteroposterior radiographs showed a positive correlation between increased circularity and an increase in the range of flexion, pronation, and supination. The range of extension decreased with the increased circularity of the capitellum. This trend was repeated with measures of lateral radiographs but was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Native capitellar circularity has an impact on the elbow range of motion. This should be put into consideration when dealing with pathologies that affect capitellar morphology.

Arc Extraction Analysis for Circularity Measurement of Small Cylindrical Parts by the Segmenting-stitching Method

To reduce the stitching error of circularity measurement of small cylindrical workpieces(Diameter less than 3 mm)by the segmenting-stitching method,arc contour extraction is analyzed in this paper.The coordinates of cross-sectional circle of a small cylindrical part are segmented into several equal arcs to be obtained by a two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine.The circularity contour of the small cylindrical part can be formed by stitching a series of arc contours which are calculated by the obtained arc coordinate data.Due to the different measuring pressure angles of different measuring positions,the accuracy of obtained arc coordinate points is different.The bigger the pressure angle is,the accurate the obtained arc coordinate data are.The experiments show that the accuracy of two ends of the arc data is not as good as the central part.Therefore,the two ends of the obtained arc data are appropriately to be cut off,namely,only the central part of the arc data are extracted to be used for the stitching.As a result,the mean value of the matching coefficient is enhanced by 12%,the deviation between the overlap part of the neighbouring arc contour is reduced by 26%,and the average curvature of the arc contours is improved with the extraction method.Thus,the accuracy of the stitched circularity contour can be improved by this extraction procedure in the segmenting-stitching method for the circularity measurement of the small cylindrical parts.

Improved Circularity Metrology of Small Cylindrical Workpieces by the Segmenting-stitching Technique

To address the alignment and measuring force problem in the segmenting-stitching technique for the circularity metrology of small cylindrical workpieces(diameter less than 1.5 mm and length less than 10 mm),a magnet combination jig method is proposed.A small round magnet is attached between the round magnetic jig and small cylinder,and the other end of the small cylindrical workpiece is attached to some cylindrical magnets.Thus,the smaller cylinder can be put in the V-groove and measured successfully with the magnet combination.For verifying the advantage of the magnet combination jig,four measurement quality evaluations are proposed:the circumferential deviation of neighbor arc contours,radial deviation of neighbor arc contours,angle of inclination between the V-groove and small cylinder,and curvature of the obtained arc.The results show that the matching coefficient is enhanced by 98%,the Euclidean distance of overlap parts of neighbor arc contours is reduced by 68%,the position error is reduced 27%,and the average curvature of the arc contours is improved.It can be concluded that the measuring quality can be enhanced prominently by this magnet combination method for the segmenting-stitching method.

power of circularity(耳饰),2016年

材料:纯银、丝线、豆丁绣、焊接设计概念:天圆地方的误解,许是,沉迷圆形的无限,却也忘了,井底之蛙的局限。作品'Power of circularity'用中国传统的刺绣技术与纯银锻造工艺结合制作出具有艺术趣味性的时尚耳饰。

Comment on“Early results of circularity and centration of capsulotomy prepared by three different methods”

Dear Editor,The nice manuscript of Reddy et al^([1])regarding comparison of capsulotomy using three different techniques raises some issues which I will discuss in short.Use of newer technologies in phacoemulsification is always of interest to researchers and the authors have compared three techniques which will help us choose the best technique.The study is properly designed and analyzed.I was impressed by detailed analysis and discussion.

Win-Win:Anthropogenic circularity for metal criticality and carbon neutrality

Resource depletion and environmental degradation have fueled a burgeoning discipline of anthropogenic circularity since the 2010s.It generally consists of waste reuse,remanufacturing,recycling,and recovery.Circular economy and“zero-waste”cities are sweeping the globe in their current practices to address the world’s grand concerns linked to resources,the environment,and industry.Meanwhile,metal criticality and carbon neutrality,which have become increasingly popular in recent years,denote the material's feature and state,respectively.The goal of this article is to determine how circularity,criticality,and neutrality are related.Upscale anthropogenic circularity has the potential to expand the metal supply and,as a result,reduce metal criticality.China barely accomplished 15%of its potential emission reduction by recycling iron,copper,and aluminum.Anthropogenic circularity has a lot of room to achieve a win-win objective,which is to reduce metal criticality while also achieving carbon neutrality in a near closed-loop cycle.Major barriers or challenges for conducting anthropogenic circularity are deriving from the inadequacy of life-cycle insight governance and the emergence of anthropogenic circularity discipline.Material flow analysis and life cycle assessment are the central methodologies to identify the hidden problems.Mineral processing and smelting,as well as end-of-life management,are indicated as critical priority areas for enhancing anthropogenic circularity.

Circularity-based decision-making framework for the integrated conservation of built heritage:the case of the Medina of Tunis

Several factors overlap in making urban heritage conservation vulnerable in terms of long-term sustainability.The purpose of this study is to offer insights into the dynamic role that heritage governance plays in the current sustainability debate.This purpose is achieved by investigating the shift from a‘governing for culture’approach to a‘governing through culture’approach in heritage conservation.Subsequently,a case is built for a circularity-based conservation strategy applicable to the governance of historic cities.Different indicators of the circular governance approach are considered,and useful data are collected in comparative form.The cross-matching relationship between the factors is then evaluated by employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)on the collected data.As a test case,the conservation strategy of the Medina of Tunis is presented.For a more general conservation model,case-specific data are acquired.Finally,the same framework is applied to compare the case-dependent and case-independent data to define an integrated conservation framework.The obtained results show that the knowledge and data exchange factor,carries the highest significance.This result translates into heritage-led urban regeneration through knowledge sharing and the effective redistribution of cultural activities in historic city centres.

On the spreading behavior of a droplet on a circular cylinder using the lattice Boltzmann method

The study of a droplet spreading on a circular cylinder under gravity was carried out using the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann high-density ratios multiphase model with a non-ideal Peng–Robinson equation of state. The calculation results indicate that the motion of the droplet on the cylinder can be divided into three stages: spreading, sliding, and aggregating.The contact length and contact time of a droplet on a cylindrical surface can be affected by factors such as the wettability gradient of the cylindrical wall, the Bond number, and droplet size. Furthermore, phase diagrams showing the relationship between Bond number, cylinder wall wettability gradient, and contact time as well as maximum contact length for three different droplet sizes are given. A theoretical foundation for additional research into the heat and mass transfer process between the droplet and the cylinder can be established by comprehending the variable rules of maximum contact length and contact time.

A novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube

In this paper, a novel efficient energy absorber with free inversion of a metal foam-filled circular tube(MFFCT) is designed, and the axial compressive behavior of the MFFCT under free inversion is studied analytically and numerically. The theoretical analysis reveals that the energy is mainly dissipated through the radial bending of the metal circular tube, the circumferential expansion of the metal circular tube, and the metal filled-foam compression. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the theoretical formula for the minimum compressive force of the MFFCT over free inversion under axial loading. Furthermore, the free inversion deformation characteristics of the MFFCT are analyzed numerically. The theoretical steady values are found to be in good agreement with the results of the finite element(FE) analysis. The effects of the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, and the filled-foam strength on the free inversion deformation of the MFFCT are considered. It is observed that in the steady deformation stage, the load-carrying and energy-absorbing capacities of the MFFCT increase with the increase in the average diameter of the metal tube, the wall thickness of the metal tube, or the filled-foam strength. The specific energy absorption(SEA) of free inversion of the MFFCT is significantly higher than that of the metal tube alone.

Low-Complexity Reconstruction of Covariance Matrix in Hybrid Uniform Circular Array

Spatial covariance matrix(SCM) is essential in many multi-antenna systems such as massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO). For multi-antenna systems operating at millimeter-wave bands, hybrid analog-digital structure has been widely adopted to reduce the cost of radio frequency chains.In this situation, signals received at the antennas are unavailable to the digital receiver, and as a consequence, traditional sample average approach cannot be used for SCM reconstruction in hybrid multi-antenna systems. To address this issue, beam sweeping algorithm(BSA) which can reconstruct the SCM effectively for a hybrid uniform linear array, has been proposed in our previous works. However, direct extension of BSA to a hybrid uniform circular array(UCA)will result in a huge computational burden. To this end, a low-complexity approach is proposed in this paper. By exploiting the symmetry features of SCM for the UCA, the number of unknowns can be reduced significantly and thus the complexity of reconstruction can be saved accordingly. Furthermore, an insightful analysis is also presented in this paper, showing that the reduction of the number of unknowns can also improve the accuracy of the reconstructed SCM. Simulation results are also shown to demonstrate the proposed approach.

Role of exosomal circular RNAs as microRNA sponges and potential targeting for suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma growth and progression

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic modalities.There is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various cargoes.These cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient cells.Exosomal non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC tissues.The aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall prognosis.In this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.

Impact of surface-reflected seismic waves on the seismic isolation performance of circular tunnel isolation layers

Seismic isolation is an effective strategy to mitigate the risk of seismic damage in tunnels.However,the impact of surface-reflected seismic waves on the effectiveness of tunnel isolation layers remains under explored.In this study,we employ the wave function expansion method to provide analytical solutions for the dynamic responses of linings in an elastic half-space and an infinite elastic space.By comparing the results of the two models,we investigate the seismic isolation effect of tunnel isolation layers induced by reflected seismic waves.Our findings reveal significant differences in the dynamic responses of the lining in the elastic half-space and the infinitely elastic space.Specifically,the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF)of the lining in the elastic half-space exhibits periodic fluctuations,influenced by the incident wave frequency and tunnel depth,while the DSCF in the infinitely elastic space remain stable.Overall,the seismic isolation application of the tunnel isolation layer is found to be less affected by surface-reflected seismic waves.Our results provide valuable insights for the design and assessment of the seismic isolation effect of tunnel isolation layers.

Circ_0004592:An auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)has a high mortality rate,and robust diagnostic biomarkers are currently lacking.However,the clinical relevance of circular RNAs(circRNAs)as GC biomarkers remains largely unexplored.AIM To evaluate the potential of novel circRNA circ_0004592 in the early screening and prognosis of GC.METHODS High-throughput sequencing of circRNAs was performed to screen for potential target molecules.Circ_0004592 expression was examined in GC tissues,cells,and plasma.Plasma samples were collected from healthy subjects’patients,as well as from patients with benign lesions,precancerous lesions,and GC,whereafter the diagnostic accuracy of circ_0004592 was evaluated.The correlation between circ_0004592 levels in plasma and clinicopathological data of patients with GC was further analyzed.RESULTS Circ_0004592 was upregulated in both the tissue and plasma of patients with GC.Further,circ_0004592 expression was higher in patients with precancerous lesions than in healthy controls while being highest in patients with GC.In the same patient,the postoperative plasma level of circ_0004592 was lower than that in the preoperative period.Moreover,circ_0004592 level was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation,tumor depth,and lymph node metastasis.The area under the curve(AUC)of plasma circ_0004592 exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating patients with GC from healthy donors.Diagnosis based on circ_0004592,carcinoembryonic antigen,and cancer antigen 199 achieved a superior AUC and was highly sensitive.CONCLUSION Plasma circ_0004592 may represent a potential non-invasive auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for patients with GC.

Investigation on photonic crystal nanobeam cavity based on mixed diamond–circular holes

A photonic crystal nanobeam cavity(M-PCNC)with a structure incorporating a mixture of diamond-shaped and circular air holes is pro-posed.The performance of the cavity is simulated and studied theoretically.Using thefinite-difference time-domain method,the parameters of the M-PCNC,including cavity thickness and width,lattice constant,and radii and numbers of holes,are optimized,with the quality factor Q and mode volume Vm as performance indicators.Mutual modulation of the lattice constant and hole radius enable the proposed M-PCNC to realize outstanding performance.The optimized cavity possesses a high quality factor Q 1.45105 and an ultra-small mode=×volume Vm 0.01(λ/n)[Zeng et al.,Opt Lett 2023:48;3981–3984]in the telecommunications wavelength range.Light can be progres-=sively squeezed in both the propagation direction and the perpendicular in-plane direction by a series of interlocked anti-slots and slots in the diamond-shaped hole structure.Thereby,the energy can be confined within a small mode volume to achieve an ultra-high Q/Vm ratio.

Knockdown of circular RNA (CircRNA)_001896 inhibits cervical cancer proliferation and stemness in vivo and in vitro

Objective:Previous studies indicated that aberrant circular RNA(circRNA)expression affects gene expression regulatory networks,leading to the aberrant activation of tumor pathways and promoting tumor cell growth.However,the expression,clinical significance,and effects on cell propagation,invasion,and dissemination of circRNA_001896 in cervical cancer(CC)tissues remain unclear.Methods:The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)datasets(GSE113696 and GSE102686)were used to examine differential circRNA expression in CC and adjacent tissues.The expression of circRNA_001896 was detected in 72 CC patients usingfluorescence quantitative PCR.Correlation analysis with clinical pathological features was performed through COX multivariate and univariate analysis.The effect of circRNA_001896 downregulation on CC cell propagation was examined using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)test,clonogenic,3D sphere formation,and in vivo tumorigenesis assays.Results:Intersection of the GSE113696 and GSE102686 datasets revealed an increased expression of four circRNAs,including circRNA_001896,in CC tissues.Fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed circRNA_001896 as a circular RNA.High expression of circRNA_001896 was considerably associated with lymph node metastasis,International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians(FIGO)stage,tumor diameter,and survival period in CC patients.Proportional hazards model(COX)univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that circRNA_001896 expressions are a distinct risk factor affecting CC patients’prognosis.Cellular functional experiments showed that downregulating circRNA_001896 substantially suppressed CC cell growth,colony formation,and 3D sphere-forming ability.In vivo,tumorigenesis analysis in nude mice demonstrated that downregulating circRNA_001896 remarkably reduced the in vivo proliferation capacity of CC cells.Conclusion:CircRNA_001896 is highly expressed in CC tissues and is substantially related to lymph node metastasis,FIGO stage,tumor size,and survival period in patients.Moreover,downregulating circRNA_001896 significantly inhibits both in vivo and in vitro propagation of CC cells.Therefore,circRNA_001896 might be used as a biomarker for targeted therapy in cervical cancer.

An Evidence-Based CoCoSo Framework with Double Hierarchy Linguistic Data for Viable Selection of Hydrogen Storage Methods

Hydrogen is the new age alternative energy source to combat energy demand and climate change.Storage of hydrogen is vital for a nation’s growth.Works of literature provide different methods for storing the produced hydrogen,and the rational selection of a viable method is crucial for promoting sustainability and green practices.Typically,hydrogen storage is associated with diverse sustainable and circular economy(SCE)criteria.As a result,the authors consider the situation a multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)problem.Studies infer that previous models for hydrogen storage method(HSM)selection(i)do not consider preferences in the natural language form;(ii)weights of experts are not methodically determined;(iii)hesitation of experts during criteria weight assessment is not effectively explored;and(iv)three-stage solution of a suitable selection of HSM is unexplored.Driven by these gaps,in this paper,authors put forward a new integrated framework,which considers double hierarchy linguistic information for rating,criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation(CRITIC)for expert weight calculation,evidence-based Bayesian method for criteria weight estimation,and combined compromise solution(CoCoSo)for ranking HSMs.The applicability of the developed framework is testified by using a case example of HSM selection in India.Sensitivity and comparative analysis reveal the merits and limitations of the developed framework.

Rice Husk at a Glance:From Agro-Industrial to Modern Applications

Excessive waste production has led to the concept of a circular bioeconomy to deliver valuable by-products and improve environmental sustainability.The annual worldwide rice production accounts for more than 750 million tons of grain and 150 million tons of husk.Rice husk(RH)contains valuable biomaterials with extensive applications in various fields.The proportions of each component depend primarily on rice genotype,soil chemistry,and climatic conditions.RH and its derivatives,including ash,biochar,hydrochar,and activated carbon have been placed foreground of applications in agriculture and other industries.While the investigation on RH’s compositions,microstructures,and by-products has been done copiously,owing to its unique features,it is still an open-ended area with enormous scope for innovation,research,and technology.Here,we reviewed the latest applications of RH and its derivatives,including fuel and other energy resources,construction materials,pharmacy,medicine,and nanobiotechnology to keep this versatile biomaterial in the spotlight.

CircMYBL2 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating E2F1 expression

Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have been recognized as pivotal regulators in tumorigenesis,yet the biological functions as well as molecular mechanisms of the majority of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain elusive.We sought to unveil the expression profile and biological role of circMYBL2 in HCC.Initial microarray analyses were conducted to probe the expression profile of circMYBL2 in HCC cells,and qRT‒PCR analysis was then performed in HCC cell lines and tissues,revealing significant upregulation of circMYBL2.Subsequent experiments were conducted to evaluate the biological function of circMYBL2 in HCC progression.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis,qRT‒PCR analysis,luciferase reporter assays,and western blot analysis were employed to investigate the interplay among circMYBL2,miR-1205,and E2F1.CircMYBL2 was found to exhibit marked upregulation in tumor tissues as well as HCC cell lines.Elevated expression of circMYBL2 increased the proliferation and migration of HCC cells,whereas circMYBL2 knockdown elicited contrasting effects.Mechanistically,our results indicated that circMYBL2 promoted E2F1 expression and facilitated HCC progression by sponging miR-1205.Our findings revealed that circMYBL2 contributed to HCC progression through the circMYBL2/miR-1205/E2F1 axis,suggesting the potential of circMYBL2 as a novel target for HCC treatment or a prognostic biomarker for HCC.

Enhancing the Decomposition of Paper Cups Using Galleria Mellonella and Eisenia Fetida

The composition of paper cups creates a challenge for the recycling industry,as the paperboard–plastic film composite is hard to separate.Therefore,paper cups are sent to landfills or waste incinerators.This study explores the combined use of red worms(Eisenia fetida)and Greater wax moth(Galleria mellonella)in the biodegradation of paper cups.The study investigates the conditions and combinations that promote using Eisenia fetida and Galleria mellonella for degrading paper cups.The study considered the influence of environmental temperature,the presence of food waste,varying the number of Eisenia fetida worms,and the presence of a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent on the degradation process.To achieve the study objectives,the study followed a quantitative approach.The study monitored the degradation of paper cup cuts that were placed in jars containing different combinations of Eisenia fetida worms,Galleria mellonella larvae,food waste,bedding material,and Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agents.The study found that the best operating temperature is 30oC.The study found that using food waste improves the performance of Eisenia fetida worms and Galleria mellonella larvae significantly.The study found that adding a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent slightly enhances the degradation of the paper cup.Finally,a numerical model was obtained to simulate the paper cup degradation efficiency.

Non-coding RNAs in acute ischemic stroke:from brain to periphery

Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.