Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

注射用吉西他滨联合顺铂在非小细胞肺癌患者治疗中的应用效果分析

目的分析注射用吉西他滨结合顺铂在非小细胞肺癌患者治疗中的疗效。方法方便选取2022年1月—2023年12月长治医学院附属和济医院收治的86例非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,根据不同的治疗方法将其分为对照组(43例,行常规治疗)、观察组(43例,采取注射用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗),比较两组的治疗效果、不良反应发生率、免疫功能、肿瘤标志物水平。结果观察组的治疗有效率为86.05%(37/43),高于对照组的60.47%(26/43),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.181,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组免疫功能高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组肿瘤标志物水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在非小细胞肺癌患者治疗中联合使用顺铂和吉西他滨,能够降低肿瘤标志物水平,改善免疫功能,减少不良反应,提升临床疗效。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗中晚期宫颈癌的效果分析

目的探讨晚期宫颈癌采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合顺铂的治疗效果。方法选择98例中晚期宫颈癌患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组49例。对照组采用紫杉醇结合顺铂治疗,研究组采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗,比较两组血清肿瘤标志物水平、治疗效果及不良反应。结果治疗前,两组鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、细胞角蛋白19的可溶性片段(CYFRA21-1)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组SCCA、CYFRA21-1水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中晚期宫颈癌采用白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合顺铂的治疗效果较好,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,减少不良反应发生率,值得临床推广与应用。

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Endostar combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of rh-endostain(YH-16,Endostar)combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin(NP regimen)in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use.Methods:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,Clinical Trials,CNKI,VIP and Wan Fang database,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about YH-16 combined with NP regimen(NPY regimen,trial group)vs.NP regimen(control group)for NSCLC were collected.After screening the literature and extracting the data,the two persons evaluated the quality of the included studies,and used Rev Man 5.3 software to merge effect size.Results:A total of 18 articles were included,with a total of 2051 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that response rate[RR=1.66,95%CI(1.44,1.91),P<0.00001]、clinical benefit rate[RR=1.21,95%CI(1.14,1.29),P<0.00001]and quality of life improvement rate[RR=3.42,95%CI(2.45,4.79),P<0.00001]of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group.Besides,the serum CEA level[MD=-4.78,95%CI(-7.11,-2.46),P<0.0001]and CA125 level[MD=-16.44,95%CI(-20.83,-12.05),P<0.00001]of trial group were significantly lower than that of control group.There was no statistical significance in the 1-year survival rate and the incidence of myelosuppression,cardiotoxicity,gastrointestinal reaction,damage to the kidneys and liver,and alopecia(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with NP regimen alone,NPY regimen can improve the efficacy and quality of life of NSCLC patients,reduce the level of tumor markers,and does not increase the occurrence of adverse reactions,and has good efficacy and safety.However,the existing evidence shows that NPY regimen has the same effect as NP regimen alone in improving the 1-year survival rate of patients.The above conclusions need to be confirmed by further studies.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female repro-ductive system.The majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer are mainly treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.As the most widely used first-line anti-neoplastic drug,cisplatin produces therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms.However,during clinical treat-ment,cisplatin resistance has gradually emerged,representing a challenge for patient outcome improvement.The mechanism of cisplatin resistance,while known to be complex and involve many processes,remains unclear.We hope to provide a new direction for pre-clin-ical and clinical studies through this review on the mechanism of ovarian cancer cisplatin resis-tance and methods to overcome drug resistance.

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床效果及安全性分析

目的分析非小细胞肺癌患者接受培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗的临床效果与安全性。方法52例接受放化疗治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组与研究组,各26例。参照组应用顺铂治疗,研究组应用顺铂联合培美曲塞治疗。对比两组临床疗效、毒副反应发生情况及治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平。结果研究组近期治疗总有效率84.62%和总控制率96.15%均高于参照组的53.85%、73.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组癌胚抗原(CEA)(12.39±4.12)ng/ml、糖类抗原125(CA125)(46.56±5.26)U/ml、细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)(2.29±0.88)ng/ml均低于参照组的(16.96±4.36)ng/ml、(63.87±5.54)U/ml、(3.98±0.29)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组肝功能异常、血小板减少、胃肠不适、贫血、白细胞减少、恶心呕吐发生率均低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将培美曲塞联合顺铂应用于非小细胞肺癌的治疗中,对于降低肿瘤标志物水平,提高近期疗效,控制疾病进展有积极意义,而且毒副反应发生较少,安全性相对较高。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗复发转移性膀胱癌的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的评价吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗晚期膀胱癌的疗效和安全性。方法32例Ⅳ期膀胱癌接受吉西他滨联合顺铂方案化疗：吉西他滨1200mg/m^2,第1天和第8天,顺铂25mg/m^2,第1-3天,21天为1个周期。结果32例患者中完全缓解4例,部分缓解13例,有效率为53.1%,中位肿瘤进展时间（TTP）8.5个月,中位生存时间为14个月,1年生存率58.3%。毒性反应主要为血液学毒性、消化道反应。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂3周方案是治疗晚期膀胱癌安全、有效的化疗方案。

Geldanamycin增强顺铂的抗肿瘤作用

研究抗生素苯醌安莎霉素(Geldanamycin ,GDM)对人肝癌BEL 7402细胞周期的影响和联合应用顺铂 (CDDP)的体外体内抗肿瘤作用。方法 :采用MTT法检测药物的生长抑制作用 ,[3H] TdR掺入法测定DNA合成抑制作用 ,流式细胞术分析细胞周期 ,小鼠移植性肝癌H22模型研究药物单用或联合应用时的体内抗肿瘤作用。结果 :MTT法测得GDM对BEL 7402细胞的生长抑制IC50为0 28μmol/L。GDM处理BEL 7402细胞4h ,抑制DNA合成的IC50为14μmol/L。1 0、10μmol/LGDM处理BEL 7402细胞24h后S期细胞比例明显下降 ,并持续到48h ;0 1、1 0、10μmol/L的GDM引起G2/M期的明显阻断 ,24h时达高峰值 ,48h后开始回复。体外0 1μmol/L和0 2μmol/LGDM均增强CDDP对BEL 7402细胞的细胞毒作用。小鼠移植肝癌H22模型中 ,单用1 5mg/kgCDDP组两批试验的抑瘤率均为73 % ,顺铂联用0 38mg/kgGDM两批试验的抑瘤率分别为89 %和82% ,两者有显著性差异(P<0 05) ,其CDI值分别为0 41和0 72。结论

甘氨双唑钠联合小剂量顺铂对中晚期食管癌放疗的增敏作用

目的探讨甘氨双唑钠联合小剂量顺铂对中晚期食管癌同期放疗的增敏作用并评估其应用前景。方法 62例中晚期食管癌患者全部采用三维适形放射治疗,总剂量60~70 Gy。所有患者被先后随机地（机械抽样法）分成A、B两组。A组：顺铂每天10 mg,连续静脉滴注5天,周一至周五;应用甘氨双唑钠700 mg/m2于放疗前静脉滴注,每周3次,用药后1小时内接受放疗。B组：为对照组,仅应用甘氨双唑钠700 mg/m2于放疗前静脉滴注,每周3次,用药后1小时内接受放疗。结果治疗结束后1月进行疗效评价,甘氨双唑钠联合小剂量顺铂总有效率为93.3%;对照组总有效率为70.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论甘氨双唑钠联合小剂量顺铂放疗增敏能提高中晚期食管癌的放疗效果,且较单用甘氨双唑钠放疗增敏效果好。