BACKGROUND Intractable postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)can be difficult to manage even with aggressive multimodal therapies.Patients who experience uncontrolled refractory cranial PHN despite conservative treatment may ben...BACKGROUND Intractable postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)can be difficult to manage even with aggressive multimodal therapies.Patients who experience uncontrolled refractory cranial PHN despite conservative treatment may benefit from an intrathecal drug delivery system(IDDS).For craniofacial neuropathic pain,the traditional approach has been to place the intrathecal catheter tip below the level of the cranial nerve root entry zones,which may lead to insufficient analgesia.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 69-year-old man with a 1-year history of PHN after developing a vesicular rash in the ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V(trigeminal nerve)distribution.The pain was rated 7-8 at rest and 9-10 at breakthrough pain(BTP)on a numeric rating scale.Despite receiving aggressive multimodal therapies including large doses of oral analgesics(gabapentin 150 mg q12 h,oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg q6 h,and lidocaine 5%patch 700 mg q12 h)and sphenopalatine ganglion block,there was no relief of pain.Subsequently,the patient elected to have an implantable IDDS with the catheter tip placed at the interpeduncular cistern.The frequency of BTP episodes decreased.The patient’s continuous daily dose was adjusted to 0.032 mg/d after 3 mo of follow-up and stopped 5 mo later.He did not report pain or other discomfort at outpatient follow-up 6 mo and 1 year after stopping intracisternal hydromorphone.CONCLUSION The use of interpeduncular cistern intrathecal infusion with low-dose hydromorphone by IDDS may be effective for severe craniofacial PHN.展开更多
Rainwater harvesting(RWH)systems have been the source of domestic water for many years and still becoming essential in many communities of developing countries.However,due to various reasons,there are several sources ...Rainwater harvesting(RWH)systems have been the source of domestic water for many years and still becoming essential in many communities of developing countries.However,due to various reasons,there are several sources of contamination in the rainwater cistern systems.Dissolved chemicals from the roofing,storage,and conveyance materials,together with the suspended particulate matter from the airborne,are examples of water contamination.In this work,the water quality monitoring system has been designed and implemented.Chemical and physical parameters of water samples were collected from three locations using a data acquisition(DAQ)system and rainwater quality was analyzed using Water Pollution Index(WPI).Results obtained from three locations have been presented.展开更多
A plastic mixture construction technology using MBER （material becoming earth into rock） soil stabilizer is introduced and the water quality of a solidified soil cistern using the technology is analyzed. Rainwater w...A plastic mixture construction technology using MBER （material becoming earth into rock） soil stabilizer is introduced and the water quality of a solidified soil cistern using the technology is analyzed. Rainwater was harvested in July, 2012. Water quality of runoff and cistern water after storage was measured, including turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia. Results show that pollutant concentrations in runoff decreased with time, indicating that runoff in the early time should be removed. Nitrate concentrations in cistern water increased after storage, while the remaining parameters decreased. Measured pollutant concentrations did not exceed the limit according to the standard for drinking water in China. It can be concluded that the solidified soil cistern with plastic mixture construction technology can provide available water for domestic use.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare and serious type of tuberculosis,which mostly occurs in the frontoparietal and cerebellar hemispheres,with predominance in the gray-white matter junction area,while tuberc...BACKGROUND Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare and serious type of tuberculosis,which mostly occurs in the frontoparietal and cerebellar hemispheres,with predominance in the gray-white matter junction area,while tuberculomas only in the cistern are extremely rare with only a few reported cases in the literature.We describe a unique case of isolated tuberculoma in the suprasellar cistern,with only right ocular motility disorder and upper eyelid ptosis.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy without any medical history presented with right ocular motility disorder and upper eyelid ptosis one month ago.He had no history of fever,headache,vomiting,convulsions,or limb weakness.Neurological examination showed right third cranial nerve palsy with restrictions of eye movements and ptosis,pupil dilation and negative light reflex.Imaging suggested a spaceoccupying lesion in the suprasellar cistern with calcification and ring-enhancement.Moreover,no Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The lesion was initially diagnosed as a tumor,while postoperative pathology combined with PCR indicated tuberculoma.The patient continued postoperative anti-tuberculosis treatment.At present,the patient's condition is stable and the symptoms are partially relieved compared with those before surgery.CONCLUSION This case confirmed that isolated intracranial tuberculoma can occur in the suprasellar cistern.Therefore,for space-occupying lesions in the suprasellar cistern,tuberculoma should be included in the differential diagnosis even if there is no history or indication of tuberculosis infection.展开更多
This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress on plasma leucocytes, Thyroxin （T4） and cortisol concentrations in dairy cows with small and large cistern under hot climate. This experiment was carri...This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress on plasma leucocytes, Thyroxin （T4） and cortisol concentrations in dairy cows with small and large cistern under hot climate. This experiment was carried out in 2006, in North Tunisia, using a randomized block design per udder cistern size, using 60 Holstein cows. Cows were classified according to udder cistern size by ultrasonography as large-cisterned （44 ±13 cm2; LC） and small-cisterned （21 ± 8 cm2; SC）. The experiment was carried out in two different periods： spring （Apr. 5 （D1）） and summer （July 19 （D2）, Aug. 19 （D3） and Sept. 19 （D4））. On each test day, temperature and relative humidity data were registered hourly and cows＇ blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine serum concentrates of cortisol and T4. Leucocytes （lyrnphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes） were counted differentially, and percentages of lymphocytes relative to total counted cells were calculated. Mean temperature-humidity index （THI） values were 62 ±2, 79 ±2, 84 ±2, and 77 ±1 in DI, D2, D3, and D4, respectively. Lymphocyte incidence relative to total cell counts and T4 concentrations were affected by test day （P 〈 0.001）. Lymphocytes （%） were significantly less in hotter months. During summer, T4 concentration at D2 （87.4 nmol/L） was higher relative to concentrations at D3 （42.8 nmol/L） and D4 （53.5 nmol/L）. T4 concentrations were higher （P 〈 0.01） in SC cows （67.7 ±0.1 nmol/L） compared to LC cows （52.7 ±0.1 nmol/L）. Cortisol concentration was effected neither by test day nor by cistern size. However, the decrease of lymphocyte concentration during summer compared to spring could be considered as an evidence of the suppression of cows＇ immune system under heat stress.展开更多
This article reports on a case study of the research and development of a new tool to assist in the design of rainwater cisterns. A rainwater cistern is a way to improve wildlife habitat because it can be situated in ...This article reports on a case study of the research and development of a new tool to assist in the design of rainwater cisterns. A rainwater cistern is a way to improve wildlife habitat because it can be situated in locations that do not have natural water sources, such as streams or wells that can supply water for storage. However, the design and sizing of such a system can be challenging because a number of constantly varying factors must be considered, such as changing precipitation patterns, the evaporative losses from the cistern and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">animal water consumption. No standardized sizing methodology currently</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exists for designing wildlife rainwater cisterns. In this article we present a new method for assisting in optimally sizing a rainwater cistern. We discuss how we implemented the quantitative portion of this methodology into a new Excel? model called CISMOD, which we configured for general use by wildlife professionals. We describe the methodology for designing a rainwater cistern based on standard engineering techniques. We then present and discuss our experience in applying the model to design two rainwater cisterns in an area of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico, USA. The CISMOD model and a user manual are available at no cost for wildlife professionals.展开更多
Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membra...Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membranes were observed in 20 cadaveric brains using an operating microscope. Results The展开更多
The authors set out to study the stormwater management viability of greenwalls in a simulated retention of roof runoff,using a cistern for simulated runoff to irrigate the greenwalls.By experimenting with two greenwal...The authors set out to study the stormwater management viability of greenwalls in a simulated retention of roof runoff,using a cistern for simulated runoff to irrigate the greenwalls.By experimenting with two greenwalls of different exposures(one southeast and one northwest),this study demonstrated that the southeast facing greenwall and the northwest facing greenwall retained comparably favorable amounts to greenroof stormwater retention systems.With more and more competition for limited horizontal surface area in urbanized and urbanizing areas,the use of vertical surfaces for stormwater mitigation and evapotranspiration has attractive potential.This article presents the background,project,methods,findings,and conclusions of the study.展开更多
Objective: To explore prospectively the relationship between the state of perimesencephalic cistern and the degree of deformation of the midbrain on CT scanning and the outcome of the patients with acute craniocerebra...Objective: To explore prospectively the relationship between the state of perimesencephalic cistern and the degree of deformation of the midbrain on CT scanning and the outcome of the patients with acute craniocerebral injury.Methods: The CT scan features including the states of perimesencephalic cisterns, the deformations of the midbrain and the ratios of the occipitofrontal diameter and the transverse diameter of the midbrain of 132 cases were measured. The GOS of the patients 3 months after trauma were regarded as outcome.Results: The rate of unfavorable outcome ( dead, vegetative status, severe disability ) was significantly correlated with perimesencephalic cistern narrower than 1mm (P < 0.05), especially narrower than 0.5 mm (P < 0.005), deformed midbrain (P< 0.005) or abnormal ratio ( < 0.9 or >.1) of the occipitofrontal diameter and transverse diameter of the midbrain (P < 0.01). But the patient's perimesencephalic cistern wider than 1mm and the patients without deformed midbrain got favorable outcome (moderate disability/good recovery).Conclusions: The state of the compressedperimesencephalic cistern ( < 1 mm) and the deformation of the midbrain may significantly indicate unfavorable outcome of the patients with acute craniocerebral injury.展开更多
目的分析持续腰大池引流术用于动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血中的治疗效果。方法非随机选取2020年1月—2023年6月兴义市人民医院神经外科收治的100例动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血的患者为研究对象。按治疗方式不同分为两组,每组50...目的分析持续腰大池引流术用于动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血中的治疗效果。方法非随机选取2020年1月—2023年6月兴义市人民医院神经外科收治的100例动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血的患者为研究对象。按治疗方式不同分为两组,每组50例。对照组行常规腰椎穿刺引流术,研究组行持续腰大池引流术治疗。比较两组治疗效果、脑血管痉挛、颅内感染情况、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)、改良Rankin量表评分。结果研究组总有效率为96.00%(48/50),高于对照组的80.00%(40/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.640,P<0.05)。研究组术后脑血管痉挛、颅内感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后,研究组GCS评分高于对照组,改良Rankin量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论持续腰大池引流术治疗方案可以提升整体治疗效果,减少颅内感染及脑血管痉挛情况,缓解患者病情。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81891004Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China,No.21JCQNJC01140.
文摘BACKGROUND Intractable postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)can be difficult to manage even with aggressive multimodal therapies.Patients who experience uncontrolled refractory cranial PHN despite conservative treatment may benefit from an intrathecal drug delivery system(IDDS).For craniofacial neuropathic pain,the traditional approach has been to place the intrathecal catheter tip below the level of the cranial nerve root entry zones,which may lead to insufficient analgesia.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 69-year-old man with a 1-year history of PHN after developing a vesicular rash in the ophthalmic division of cranial nerve V(trigeminal nerve)distribution.The pain was rated 7-8 at rest and 9-10 at breakthrough pain(BTP)on a numeric rating scale.Despite receiving aggressive multimodal therapies including large doses of oral analgesics(gabapentin 150 mg q12 h,oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg q6 h,and lidocaine 5%patch 700 mg q12 h)and sphenopalatine ganglion block,there was no relief of pain.Subsequently,the patient elected to have an implantable IDDS with the catheter tip placed at the interpeduncular cistern.The frequency of BTP episodes decreased.The patient’s continuous daily dose was adjusted to 0.032 mg/d after 3 mo of follow-up and stopped 5 mo later.He did not report pain or other discomfort at outpatient follow-up 6 mo and 1 year after stopping intracisternal hydromorphone.CONCLUSION The use of interpeduncular cistern intrathecal infusion with low-dose hydromorphone by IDDS may be effective for severe craniofacial PHN.
文摘Rainwater harvesting(RWH)systems have been the source of domestic water for many years and still becoming essential in many communities of developing countries.However,due to various reasons,there are several sources of contamination in the rainwater cistern systems.Dissolved chemicals from the roofing,storage,and conveyance materials,together with the suspended particulate matter from the airborne,are examples of water contamination.In this work,the water quality monitoring system has been designed and implemented.Chemical and physical parameters of water samples were collected from three locations using a data acquisition(DAQ)system and rainwater quality was analyzed using Water Pollution Index(WPI).Results obtained from three locations have been presented.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five Year Plan Period(No.2011BAD31B05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371276)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2009ZX07212-002-003-02)the Knowledge Innovation Project of theInstitute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR(No.A315021304)
文摘A plastic mixture construction technology using MBER （material becoming earth into rock） soil stabilizer is introduced and the water quality of a solidified soil cistern using the technology is analyzed. Rainwater was harvested in July, 2012. Water quality of runoff and cistern water after storage was measured, including turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia. Results show that pollutant concentrations in runoff decreased with time, indicating that runoff in the early time should be removed. Nitrate concentrations in cistern water increased after storage, while the remaining parameters decreased. Measured pollutant concentrations did not exceed the limit according to the standard for drinking water in China. It can be concluded that the solidified soil cistern with plastic mixture construction technology can provide available water for domestic use.
文摘BACKGROUND Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare and serious type of tuberculosis,which mostly occurs in the frontoparietal and cerebellar hemispheres,with predominance in the gray-white matter junction area,while tuberculomas only in the cistern are extremely rare with only a few reported cases in the literature.We describe a unique case of isolated tuberculoma in the suprasellar cistern,with only right ocular motility disorder and upper eyelid ptosis.CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy without any medical history presented with right ocular motility disorder and upper eyelid ptosis one month ago.He had no history of fever,headache,vomiting,convulsions,or limb weakness.Neurological examination showed right third cranial nerve palsy with restrictions of eye movements and ptosis,pupil dilation and negative light reflex.Imaging suggested a spaceoccupying lesion in the suprasellar cistern with calcification and ring-enhancement.Moreover,no Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The lesion was initially diagnosed as a tumor,while postoperative pathology combined with PCR indicated tuberculoma.The patient continued postoperative anti-tuberculosis treatment.At present,the patient's condition is stable and the symptoms are partially relieved compared with those before surgery.CONCLUSION This case confirmed that isolated intracranial tuberculoma can occur in the suprasellar cistern.Therefore,for space-occupying lesions in the suprasellar cistern,tuberculoma should be included in the differential diagnosis even if there is no history or indication of tuberculosis infection.
文摘This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress on plasma leucocytes, Thyroxin （T4） and cortisol concentrations in dairy cows with small and large cistern under hot climate. This experiment was carried out in 2006, in North Tunisia, using a randomized block design per udder cistern size, using 60 Holstein cows. Cows were classified according to udder cistern size by ultrasonography as large-cisterned （44 ±13 cm2; LC） and small-cisterned （21 ± 8 cm2; SC）. The experiment was carried out in two different periods： spring （Apr. 5 （D1）） and summer （July 19 （D2）, Aug. 19 （D3） and Sept. 19 （D4））. On each test day, temperature and relative humidity data were registered hourly and cows＇ blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine serum concentrates of cortisol and T4. Leucocytes （lyrnphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes） were counted differentially, and percentages of lymphocytes relative to total counted cells were calculated. Mean temperature-humidity index （THI） values were 62 ±2, 79 ±2, 84 ±2, and 77 ±1 in DI, D2, D3, and D4, respectively. Lymphocyte incidence relative to total cell counts and T4 concentrations were affected by test day （P 〈 0.001）. Lymphocytes （%） were significantly less in hotter months. During summer, T4 concentration at D2 （87.4 nmol/L） was higher relative to concentrations at D3 （42.8 nmol/L） and D4 （53.5 nmol/L）. T4 concentrations were higher （P 〈 0.01） in SC cows （67.7 ±0.1 nmol/L） compared to LC cows （52.7 ±0.1 nmol/L）. Cortisol concentration was effected neither by test day nor by cistern size. However, the decrease of lymphocyte concentration during summer compared to spring could be considered as an evidence of the suppression of cows＇ immune system under heat stress.
文摘This article reports on a case study of the research and development of a new tool to assist in the design of rainwater cisterns. A rainwater cistern is a way to improve wildlife habitat because it can be situated in locations that do not have natural water sources, such as streams or wells that can supply water for storage. However, the design and sizing of such a system can be challenging because a number of constantly varying factors must be considered, such as changing precipitation patterns, the evaporative losses from the cistern and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">animal water consumption. No standardized sizing methodology currently</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exists for designing wildlife rainwater cisterns. In this article we present a new method for assisting in optimally sizing a rainwater cistern. We discuss how we implemented the quantitative portion of this methodology into a new Excel? model called CISMOD, which we configured for general use by wildlife professionals. We describe the methodology for designing a rainwater cistern based on standard engineering techniques. We then present and discuss our experience in applying the model to design two rainwater cisterns in an area of the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico, USA. The CISMOD model and a user manual are available at no cost for wildlife professionals.
文摘Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membranes were observed in 20 cadaveric brains using an operating microscope. Results The
文摘The authors set out to study the stormwater management viability of greenwalls in a simulated retention of roof runoff,using a cistern for simulated runoff to irrigate the greenwalls.By experimenting with two greenwalls of different exposures(one southeast and one northwest),this study demonstrated that the southeast facing greenwall and the northwest facing greenwall retained comparably favorable amounts to greenroof stormwater retention systems.With more and more competition for limited horizontal surface area in urbanized and urbanizing areas,the use of vertical surfaces for stormwater mitigation and evapotranspiration has attractive potential.This article presents the background,project,methods,findings,and conclusions of the study.
文摘Objective: To explore prospectively the relationship between the state of perimesencephalic cistern and the degree of deformation of the midbrain on CT scanning and the outcome of the patients with acute craniocerebral injury.Methods: The CT scan features including the states of perimesencephalic cisterns, the deformations of the midbrain and the ratios of the occipitofrontal diameter and the transverse diameter of the midbrain of 132 cases were measured. The GOS of the patients 3 months after trauma were regarded as outcome.Results: The rate of unfavorable outcome ( dead, vegetative status, severe disability ) was significantly correlated with perimesencephalic cistern narrower than 1mm (P < 0.05), especially narrower than 0.5 mm (P < 0.005), deformed midbrain (P< 0.005) or abnormal ratio ( < 0.9 or >.1) of the occipitofrontal diameter and transverse diameter of the midbrain (P < 0.01). But the patient's perimesencephalic cistern wider than 1mm and the patients without deformed midbrain got favorable outcome (moderate disability/good recovery).Conclusions: The state of the compressedperimesencephalic cistern ( < 1 mm) and the deformation of the midbrain may significantly indicate unfavorable outcome of the patients with acute craniocerebral injury.
文摘目的分析持续腰大池引流术用于动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血中的治疗效果。方法非随机选取2020年1月—2023年6月兴义市人民医院神经外科收治的100例动脉瘤破裂后引起蛛网膜下腔出血的患者为研究对象。按治疗方式不同分为两组,每组50例。对照组行常规腰椎穿刺引流术,研究组行持续腰大池引流术治疗。比较两组治疗效果、脑血管痉挛、颅内感染情况、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)、改良Rankin量表评分。结果研究组总有效率为96.00%(48/50),高于对照组的80.00%(40/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.640,P<0.05)。研究组术后脑血管痉挛、颅内感染发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术后,研究组GCS评分高于对照组,改良Rankin量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论持续腰大池引流术治疗方案可以提升整体治疗效果,减少颅内感染及脑血管痉挛情况,缓解患者病情。
