The Fuzzy Synthesizing Evaluation of City's Environmental Quality Based on GIOWA Operator:A Case of 13 Cities of Jiangsu Province

In this paper, the generally induced ordered weighted averaging (GIOWA) operator is used to construct the fuzzy evaluating system of the quality of a city’s environment including air, water and noise. Based on the part data of air, water and noise of the 13 cities under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu provincial government in 2002, a case study is given. The evaluating results show that the evaluating system of the quality of a city’s environment based on the GIOWA operator can reflect the condition of pollution controlled and environmental quality of a city in a period of time.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction of Air Quality in Baoding City

Nowadays,the quality of the air environment is closely related to the health of the ecosystem and the safety of people living. With more and more attention attached to the quality of the air environment,it is imminent to analyze the future development trend of air quality. In this paper,the grey correlation analysis was used to determine the weights of 6 pollution indexes,namely PM10,PM2. 5,SO2,NO2,CO and O3. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment method was applied to determine the air quality eigenvalues H（ 2. 145,1. 926,and 1. 805） of Baoding City in 2014-2016,suggesting that the air quality in Baoding is getting better and better. In addition,the grey forecasting model GM（ 1,1） was used to forecast and test the air quality of Baoding City. The results show that the prediction is good.

Spatio-temporal Differences and Driving Forces of Air Quality in Chinese Cities

Deterioration of city air quality is the serious problem in the process of rapid urbanization and economic development in China. Taking 74 cities that have implemented the new Ambient Air Quality Standards （GB3095- 2012） since 2013 as examples, using statistical and ArcGIS spatial analysis method, the multi-scale temporal and spatial variations characteristics and the impact of social and economic factors on urban air quality variations, are analyzed in this paper. The main research conclusions are as follows：（1） Air quality in Chinese cities shows very significant seasonal variations, with higher air quality in summer and autumn, and lower air quality in spring and winter; （2） Seen from a daily pollution perspective, air pollution is very serious and will tend to be more serious in the future; （3） Seen from an hourly variation perspective, urban air quality is time coupled with social production and urban living; （4） The overall spatial pattern of urban air quality is high in the east and north and low in the west and south, but with an obvious trend towards regional integration. （5） Cities in different regions have different factors that cause air quality variations. In general, urbanization level and energy consumption per GDP are the common factors.

Overview and progress of Chinese geographical human settlement research

Increasing Chinese urbanization and industrialization has prompted greater attention to the study of human settlement and the human-land relationship in the fields of geography, architecture, and urban planning. We used bibliometric methods and statistical software to review 180 articles on human settlement in 16 Chinese geographical journals. We found that Chinese geographical human settlement research is characterized by the following：（1） Most research focuses on human settlement extension, valuation indicators, models for urban and rural settlements, theoretical exploration and the planning practices of single-factor, human settlement and complex, geographical livability in macro-scale, urban settlement differentiation and ideal patterns in medium scale, the comprehensive evaluation of settlement environment, and the planning of community units in micro-scale, community settlements; socio-cultural investigation and warnings about advancing human settlement.（2） No progress has been made in synthesizing and integrating method systems. PSR models and DPSIR models are used for targeting mechanisms, while the standard settlement evaluation system was composed of physical ＆ economic indicators by questionnaire surveys. On the other hand, spatial clustering based on GIS has been a frequent focus in recent years. Pioneering research on human settlement and theoretical systems within the context of China＇s urbanization and industrialization will provide guidance on the sustainability of Chinese cities and regions. The following five aspects require greater attention：（1） Natural suitability research on human settlement, and a survey of human settlement demands to reflect the range of different demands concerning ecologically suitable settlements in urban environments, the corresponding valuation indicators, systems, and evolution, and the impact of the residents＇ socio-economic attributes.（2） Spatial-temporal evaluation and sustainability research on urban and rural human settlement at various scales, focusing on evolution and spatial differen-tiation at various scales such as city clusters and comparisons between cities, within the cities and communities.（3） Development of theory and technology for human settlement evolution research, including detection technology and methods, data mining measures, and forecasting and emulation of regional and urban human settlement evolution processes, mechanisms and patterns.（4） Research on the control of human settlement that focuses on optimization, patterns, and policies for effective management and development.（5） Estimating the human settlement system service value and establishing suitable human settlement systems, including social, economic, cultural and ecological service values.