Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for active ingredients in Ciwujia was studied by using ethanol as the extractant. Comparing MAE with conventional methods, the former can save the extracting time and increase the c...Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for active ingredients in Ciwujia was studied by using ethanol as the extractant. Comparing MAE with conventional methods, the former can save the extracting time and increase the content of the active ingredients in product. As to the operation in MAE, the continuous radiation process is more convenient for the extraction for traditional Chinese medicine than the intermittent radiation process. Optimized by uniform design, MAE was proved to be an effective and novel process for extracting active ingredients in Ciwujia. The optimized MAE conditions are as follows: the microwave power is 510W, the radiation time 30min, the alcohol concentration at 80%, the ratio of solvent to solid material being 5:1, the soaking time 0.5h, and the herbal particle size is (520±19)μm.展开更多
Objective: Though especially efficient for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treatment, many serious anaphylactic diseases could be induced by Ciwujia Injection(CWJI). However, study of the mechanism and det...Objective: Though especially efficient for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treatment, many serious anaphylactic diseases could be induced by Ciwujia Injection(CWJI). However, study of the mechanism and detection of allergies have been investigated by the unknown sources of allergenic substances.In this study, a guinea pig model which could mimic the symptoms of anaphylactic reactions induced by Ciwujia Injection(CWJI) was modeled and used to screen the allergenic substance of CWJI.Methods: Guinea pigs were sensitized three times every other day with CWJI and excitated 14 d after the last sensitization administration. Then, the histamine, trypsin, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels, and the Annexin V positive rate of peritoneal mast cells(PMC) were detected, the numbers of B lymphocyte and the pathological changes were also analyzed to verify the guinea pig allergy model, PCA test and Ig E antibody levels were determined to study the mechanism.Results: The levels of total IgE, histamine, and trypsin were significantly increased after CWJI sensitization, IL-4 level was elevated, Annexin V positive of PMC cell rate, local skin reactions, and declined IFN-γwere observed after excitation. Histological examination showed that mild pathological changes in lungs were found.Conclusion: This guinea pig model may provide a powerful tool to study the mechanism in CWJI induced anaphylaxis and screen the allergic source of CWJI.展开更多
目的研究刺五加注射液对大鼠华法林抗凝作用的药效学和药动学影响,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、刺五加注射液给药组(B组)、华法林对照组(C组)、华法林-刺五加注射液联合给药组(D组),4组大鼠...目的研究刺五加注射液对大鼠华法林抗凝作用的药效学和药动学影响,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、刺五加注射液给药组(B组)、华法林对照组(C组)、华法林-刺五加注射液联合给药组(D组),4组大鼠连续腹腔注射生理盐水或刺五加注射液(15 m L/kg)14 d。第8天,A、B两组灌胃给予相同剂量的生理盐水,C、D两组灌胃给予华法林溶液(0.2 mg/kg),并于设定的一系列时间点取血。用血凝分析仪测定凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),并计算国际标准化比值(INR)。用UPLC-MS/MS法联合手性色谱柱技术测定血浆中华法林(包括S-型和R-型)浓度,用DAS2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。结果刺五加注射液对PT、APTT及INR无明显影响;与华法林对照组比较,合用刺五加注射液后,华法林(包括S-型和R-型)的药动学参数Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞等显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),药效学参数PT及INR显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论刺五加注射液可减慢华法林(包括S-型和R-型)的代谢,使华法林抗凝作用增强。提示临床用药时应尽量避免两药联合应用,以避免出血风险,如必须联用,应密切监测。展开更多
目的全面了解刺五加注射液不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生情况及其相关因素。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)关于刺五加注射液的临床研究及不良反应报告。提取纳入文献中ADR病例原患疾病,刺五加注射液用药剂量、溶媒及配伍用药情况,...目的全面了解刺五加注射液不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生情况及其相关因素。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)关于刺五加注射液的临床研究及不良反应报告。提取纳入文献中ADR病例原患疾病,刺五加注射液用药剂量、溶媒及配伍用药情况,ADR病例的性别、年龄及有无过敏史情况,ADR出现时间、类型、处理及转归等。结果800篇临床研究中有97篇(12.1%)共报道285例ADR病例;144篇ADR报告共包括236例ADR病例。ADR病例中女性高于男性,主要集中于40～69岁年龄段;不良反应报告的ADR主要集中于过敏性休克,临床研究的ADR主要集中于注射局部疼痛;72.3%的ADR病例严重程度为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,4例死亡;ADR病例原患疾病最主要为冠心病和脑梗死;27例(11.4%)ADR病例有过敏史;刺五加注射液ADR病例所用溶媒主要为5%葡萄糖液、生理盐水和10%葡萄糖液,共36例ADR病例为刺五加注射液和其他药物配伍使用;刺五加注射液常用剂量为20～60ml;首次用药者ADR病例占总ADR的83.0%。结论①刺五加注射液的ADR报告和临床研究均存在ADR/AE(不良事件)概念模糊,关键信息不完整,缺乏总处方量/用药人数,及不能计算发生率的缺陷,报告质量尚待提高。②刺五加注射液的基础研究有待深入,特别是剂量探索研究,以支持临床应用。③刺五加作为ADR报告最多的中药注射剂品种之一,统一规划下的高质量ADR监测、规范报告和及时析因、指导改进迫在眉睫。展开更多
文摘Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for active ingredients in Ciwujia was studied by using ethanol as the extractant. Comparing MAE with conventional methods, the former can save the extracting time and increase the content of the active ingredients in product. As to the operation in MAE, the continuous radiation process is more convenient for the extraction for traditional Chinese medicine than the intermittent radiation process. Optimized by uniform design, MAE was proved to be an effective and novel process for extracting active ingredients in Ciwujia. The optimized MAE conditions are as follows: the microwave power is 510W, the radiation time 30min, the alcohol concentration at 80%, the ratio of solvent to solid material being 5:1, the soaking time 0.5h, and the herbal particle size is (520±19)μm.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703944)the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Province and Ministry Co-construction Key Laboratory of Open Fund (2017bs10)+1 种基金the Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project in Heilongjiang Province(ZHY16-098)Outstanding Innovative Talents Project from Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (2018)
文摘Objective: Though especially efficient for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases treatment, many serious anaphylactic diseases could be induced by Ciwujia Injection(CWJI). However, study of the mechanism and detection of allergies have been investigated by the unknown sources of allergenic substances.In this study, a guinea pig model which could mimic the symptoms of anaphylactic reactions induced by Ciwujia Injection(CWJI) was modeled and used to screen the allergenic substance of CWJI.Methods: Guinea pigs were sensitized three times every other day with CWJI and excitated 14 d after the last sensitization administration. Then, the histamine, trypsin, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels, and the Annexin V positive rate of peritoneal mast cells(PMC) were detected, the numbers of B lymphocyte and the pathological changes were also analyzed to verify the guinea pig allergy model, PCA test and Ig E antibody levels were determined to study the mechanism.Results: The levels of total IgE, histamine, and trypsin were significantly increased after CWJI sensitization, IL-4 level was elevated, Annexin V positive of PMC cell rate, local skin reactions, and declined IFN-γwere observed after excitation. Histological examination showed that mild pathological changes in lungs were found.Conclusion: This guinea pig model may provide a powerful tool to study the mechanism in CWJI induced anaphylaxis and screen the allergic source of CWJI.
文摘目的研究刺五加注射液对大鼠华法林抗凝作用的药效学和药动学影响,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分成空白对照组(A组)、刺五加注射液给药组(B组)、华法林对照组(C组)、华法林-刺五加注射液联合给药组(D组),4组大鼠连续腹腔注射生理盐水或刺五加注射液(15 m L/kg)14 d。第8天,A、B两组灌胃给予相同剂量的生理盐水,C、D两组灌胃给予华法林溶液(0.2 mg/kg),并于设定的一系列时间点取血。用血凝分析仪测定凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),并计算国际标准化比值(INR)。用UPLC-MS/MS法联合手性色谱柱技术测定血浆中华法林(包括S-型和R-型)浓度,用DAS2.0软件计算药代动力学参数。结果刺五加注射液对PT、APTT及INR无明显影响;与华法林对照组比较,合用刺五加注射液后,华法林(包括S-型和R-型)的药动学参数Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞等显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),药效学参数PT及INR显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论刺五加注射液可减慢华法林(包括S-型和R-型)的代谢,使华法林抗凝作用增强。提示临床用药时应尽量避免两药联合应用,以避免出血风险,如必须联用,应密切监测。
文摘目的全面了解刺五加注射液不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生情况及其相关因素。方法检索中国知网(CNKI)关于刺五加注射液的临床研究及不良反应报告。提取纳入文献中ADR病例原患疾病,刺五加注射液用药剂量、溶媒及配伍用药情况,ADR病例的性别、年龄及有无过敏史情况,ADR出现时间、类型、处理及转归等。结果800篇临床研究中有97篇(12.1%)共报道285例ADR病例;144篇ADR报告共包括236例ADR病例。ADR病例中女性高于男性,主要集中于40～69岁年龄段;不良反应报告的ADR主要集中于过敏性休克,临床研究的ADR主要集中于注射局部疼痛;72.3%的ADR病例严重程度为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,4例死亡;ADR病例原患疾病最主要为冠心病和脑梗死;27例(11.4%)ADR病例有过敏史;刺五加注射液ADR病例所用溶媒主要为5%葡萄糖液、生理盐水和10%葡萄糖液,共36例ADR病例为刺五加注射液和其他药物配伍使用;刺五加注射液常用剂量为20～60ml;首次用药者ADR病例占总ADR的83.0%。结论①刺五加注射液的ADR报告和临床研究均存在ADR/AE(不良事件)概念模糊,关键信息不完整,缺乏总处方量/用药人数,及不能计算发生率的缺陷,报告质量尚待提高。②刺五加注射液的基础研究有待深入,特别是剂量探索研究,以支持临床应用。③刺五加作为ADR报告最多的中药注射剂品种之一,统一规划下的高质量ADR监测、规范报告和及时析因、指导改进迫在眉睫。
