An Empirical Study of Word Class Labeling of Total Reduplication Lex⁃ emes in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary ( 2nd edition)

the widely discussed study of word class categorization has a long history of more than 2000 years,which is known as the study of the“God Particles”in language.As a typical analytic language,Modern Chinese,due to its lack of morphological changes,is challenged by a thorny problem of word classes especially when it comes to the criteria for word class identification and the treat⁃ment of multiple class membership.As such,all the controversies eventually give rise to some contradiction and confusion in word class labeling in Modern Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries.As an important grammatical means in Chinese and the focus of lexicology and rhetorics,total reduplication lexemes serve as an essential part of Chinese-English dictionaries with complex and diverse word classes.Guided by the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory,this thesis focuses on the word class labeling of total reduplication lexemes in New Century Chinese-English Dictionary(2nd edition)backed by large-scale balanced Modern Chi⁃nese corpora.With an innovative theoretical perspective,this study not only contributes to the word class labeling of total reduplica⁃tion lexemes and even sheds light on the compilation of Chinese-English dictionaries,but also drives the study of Modern Chinese word classes in the long term.

A GIS-Agriflux Modeling and AHP Techniques for Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping

Groundwater is considered as the main portion of the water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. The Sfax plain area is part of the arid/semi-arid areas of Tunisia that are subject to the impact of climatic and human pressures. Water scarcity in combination with groundwater exploitation is a major concern in this region. Therefore, sustainable management and protection of groundwater resources, it necessary. The delineation of groundwater potential (GP) zones becomes an increasingly important tool for implementing successful management programs. The purpose of the present paper is to assess the potential zone of groundwater resources in the study area. An efficient approach using geographical information system (GIS), hydrological modelling and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was developed. At first, six groundwater parameters that affect groundwater occurrences are derived from the spatial geodatabase. Those parameters are: Infiltration rate estimated from a GIS linked model, lineament density, drainage density, slope, rainfall and Land use/land cover. Then, the assigned weights of thematic layers based on expert knowledge were normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP. The parameter layers were integrated and modeled using a weighted linear combination (WLC). The resulting map was classified into four categories: very low, low, good, and excellent. The results showed that about 26% of the study area falls under very-low-potential zone, with 30% on low-potential zone, 21% with good potential zone, and 23% falling under excellent zone. The results of the analysis were validated using pumping rate data and curve trend of sensitivity classes theory validation of outcomes indicated a good prediction accuracy. The results of the present study can serve to prepare a comprehensive groundwater development and management plans proving its efficacy in this art of exploratory investigations.

FUZZY ORDER EQUIVALENT CLASS WITH UNCERTAINTY

It is a new research topic to create a rational judgment matrix using the cognition theory because of the construction of judgment matrix in AHP involving the decision-maker's cognitive activities. Owing to the presence of uncertain information in the decision procedure, the improper use of the uncertain information will doubtless cause weight changes. In this paper, we add a feedforward process prior to constructing the judgment matrix so that the decision maker can use both the certain and uncertain information to get the initial uncertain rough judgment matrix, and then convert it into a fuzzy matrix. Consequently, it will be better for decision maker to obtain the rough set of order equivalent classes through the decision graph. According to the qualitative analysis, the decision maker can easily construct the final judgment matrix instructed by the rough set created earlier.

Grunwald-Wang theorem, an effective version

The main purpose of this article is to establish an effective version of the Grunwald-Wang theorem, which asserts that given a family of local characters Xv of Kv of exponent m, where v C S for a finite set S of primes of K, there exists a global character X of the idele class group CK of exponent m （unless some special case occurs, when it is 2m） whose local component at v is Xv. The effectiveness problem for this theorem is to bound the norm N（X） of the conductor of X in terms of K, m, S and N（Xv） （v C S）. The Kummer case （when K contains pro） is easy since it is almost an application of the Chinese remainder theorem. In this paper, we solve this problem completely in general case, and give three versions of bound, one is with GRH, and the other two are unconditional bounds. These effective results have some interesting applications in concrete situations. To give a simple example, if we fix p and l, one gets a good least upper bound for N such that p is not an /-th power rood N. One also gets the least upper bound for N such that lr ｜φ｜（N） and p is not an/-th power mod N. Some part of this article is adopted （with some revision） from the unpublished thesis by Wang （2001）.