Ratios of Closely Related Elements in Soil and Their Implications

This paper has investigated the ratios of closely related elements such as Mn,Cr,V,Ni,Co,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ba,Sr,La and Ce in the major soils of China,and the factors affecting them,and explored their use as indicators in soil formation,material transport and environmental pollution.Results show that the effect of soil-forming processes on the ratios of closely related elements varied with different elements,and became greater in the sequence of Ce/La <V/Cr≈Ni/Co<Zn/Cu≈Zn/Pb<Zn/Cd<Mn/Cr<Ba/Sr.The magnitude of the variation in the ratios of closely related elements depended on the chemical properties of the elements themselves,on the one hand,and the parent material and climatic conditions on the other.The ratio of Ba/Sr showed a distinct zonality,decreasing gradually in the sequence:cool temperate zone acid soils>grassland soils>desert soils and increasing gradually from the semi-arid subhumid zone soils>the temperate zone neutral soils>the north subtropic zone soils>tropical and subtropical acid soils.

General calculation formulas and recurrence relations of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0

In this paper, the general calculation formulas of radial matrix elements for relativistic n-dimensional hydrogen atom of spin S=0 are obtained, and the recurrence relation of different power order radial matrix elements are also derived.

Rethinking Foreign-Related Element and Ad Hoc Arbitration:Evolution of the Supreme People’s Court(SPC)’s Attitude

中国法律体系下,选择国际仲裁作为争议解决方式的当事人面临两个疑难问题。一是在何种情形下双方可以就其争议选择境外仲裁机构解决纠纷;二是在何种情形下双方订立的临时仲裁协议会被有管辖权的人民法院认定为有效。中国《仲裁法》和《民事诉讼法》明确规定,仅具有涉外因素的案件可以提交境外仲裁机构仲裁,而当事人（除在中国自贸区注册的外商独资企业外）在中国大陆订立的临时仲裁协议尚属无效。随着中国成为国际仲裁界的重要一员,最高人民法院也通过梳理一系列典型仲裁案例,扩大对涉外因素的认定范围并出台认定临时仲裁协议有效的新标准。本文将系统分析最高人民法院对涉外因素和临时仲裁之态度的演进过程。

Determination of Trace Elements in Potatoes by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the contents of trace elements in potatoes from different production areas in Qinghai Province. [Method] By flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）, the contents of various trace elements in potatoes were determined. [Result] Potatoes contain abundant trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, K and Mg. To be specific, the contents of Ca, K and Mg were relatively high. [Conclusion] By using FAAS, the relative standard deviation was 1.17%-2.75% and the recovery rate was 97%-99.5%, indicating accurate and reli-able results with high precision.

VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL RELATED TO DEFORMATION OF INSECT WING UNDER LOADING IN FLAPPING MOTION

Flexible insect wings deform passively under the periodic loading during flapping flight. The wing flexibility is considered as one of the specific mechanisms on improving insect flight performance. The constitutive relation of the insect wing material plays a key role on the wing deformation, but has not been clearly understood yet. A viscoelastic constitutive relation model was established based on the stress relaxation ex- periment of a dragonfly wing （in vitro）. This model was examined by the finite element analysis of the dynamic deformation response for a model insect wing under the action of the periodical inertial force in flapping. It is revealed that the viscoelastic constitutive relation is rational to characterize the biomaterial property of insect wings in contrast to the elastic one. The amplitude and form of the passive viscoelastic deformation of the wing is evidently dependent on the viscous parameters in the constitutive relation.

Occurrence and volatility of several trace elements in pulverized coal boiler

The contents of eight trace elements(Mn, Cr, Pb, As, Se, Zn, Cd, Hg) in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash were measured in a 220 t/h pulverized coal boiler. Factors affecting distribution of trace elements were investigated, including fly ash diameter, furnace temperature, oxygen content and trace elements' characters. One coefficient of Meij was also improved to more directly show element enrichment in combustion products. These elements may be classified into three groups according to their distribution: Group 1: Hg, which is very volatile. Group 2: Pb, Zn, Cd, which are partially volatile. Group 3: Mn, which is hardly volatile. Se may be located between groups 1 and 2 Cr has properties of both group 1 and 3 In addition, the smaller diameter of fly ash, the more relative enrichment of trace elements(except Mn). The fly ash showed different adsorption mechanisms of trace elements and the volatilization of trace elements rises with furnace temperature. Relative enrichments of trace elements(except Mn and Cr) in fly ash are larger than that in bottom ash. Low oxygen content can not always improve the volatilization of trace elements. Pb is easier to form chloride than Cd during coal combustion. Trace elements should be classified in accordance with factors.

Impact of Traffic Emissions on Local Air Quality and the Potential Toxicity of Traffic-related Particulates in Beijing, China

Objective Air-borne particulates from different sources could have different physicochemical properties and inflammatory potentials. This study aims to characterize the chemical compositions and the toxicity of ambient particulate matter （PM） associated with traffic emissions. Methods The concentrations of trace elements, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in PM2.5 and PMlo were measured in samples collected at sites in Beijing, China. Their toxic effects on the pulmonary system of rats were investigated. Biochemical parameters （LDH, T-AOC, TP） and inflammatory cytokine（IL-6, IL-1, TNF-a） levels were measured in the lungs of rats exposed to traffic-related PM. Oxidative damage was observed. PM samples were taken from a near road site and an off road site in summer time in 2006. Results The concentrations of the USEPA priority pollutant PAHs in both PMlo and PM2.s were higher （299.658 and 348.412） at the near road site than those （237.728 and 268.472） at the off road site. The similar trend was observed for the concentrations of trace elements in PM. Compared to coarse particles （PM^0）, fine particles （PM2.s） have a greater adsorption capacity to enrich toxic elements than inhalable particles. Decrease in antioxidant capacity and an increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in rat lung tissues was observed. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that the differing inflammatory responses of PM collected from the two road sites might have been mediated by the differing physicochemical characteristics.

Regular Elements of the Semigroup <i>B</i>_X(<i>D</i>) Defined by Semilattices of the Class &Sigma;₂(<i>X</i>, 8) and Their Calculation Formulas

The paper gives description of regular elements of the semigroup B X (D) which are defined by semilattices of the class Σ2 (X, 8), for which intersection the minimal elements is not empty. When X is a finite set, the formulas are derived, by means of which the number of regular elements of the semigroup is calculated. In this case the set of all regular elements is a subsemigroup of the semigroup B X (D) which is defined by semilattices of the class Σ2 (X, 8).

Recasting theory of elasticity with micro-finite elements

In the classical theory of elasticity,a body is initially modeled as a homogeneous and dense assemblage of constituent ＂material particles＂.The kernel concept of elastic deformation is the displacement of the particle that associates the current configuration with the reference one.In this paper,we exploit an alternative constituent ＂micro-finite element＂,and use the stretch of the element as the essential quality to recast the theory of elasticity.It should be realized that such a treatment means that the elastic body can be modeled as a finite covering of elements and consequently characterized by a manifold.The recasting of the elasticity theory becomes more feasible for dealing with defects and topological evolution.

Idempotent Elements of the Semigroups BX(D) Defined by Semilattices of the Class ∑3 (X,8) When Z7=Ø

In this paper, complete semigroup binary relation is defined by semilattices of the class . We give a full description of idempotent elements of given semigroup. For the case where X is a finite set and , we derive formulas by calculating the numbers of idempotent elements of the respective semigroup.

Dependence of mechanical properties on the site occupancy of ternary alloying elements in γ'-Ni3Al: Ab initio description for shear and tensile deformation

The site occupancy behavior of ternary alloying elements inγ'-Ni3Al(a key strengthening phase of commercial Ni-based single-crystal superalloys)can change with temperature and alloy composition owing to the effect of entropy.Using a total-energy method based on density functional theory,the dependence of tensile and shear behaviors on the site preference of alloying elements inγ'-Ni3Al were investigated in detail.Our results demonstrate that Fe,Ru,and Ir can significantly improve the ideal tensile and shear strength of theγ'phase when occupying the Al site,with Ru resulting in the strongest enhancement.In contrast,elements with fully filled d orbitals(i.e.,Cu,Zn,Ag,and Cd)are expected to reduce the ideal tensile and shear strength.The calculated stress-strain relationships of Ni3Al alloys indicate that none of the alloying elements can simultaneously increase the ideal strength of theγ'phase for both Ni1-site and Ni2-site substitutions.In addition,the charge redistribution and the bond length of the alloying elements and host atoms during the tensile and shear processes are analyzed to unveil the underlying electronic mechanisms.

Idempotent Elements of the Semigroups Bx(D) Defined by Semilattices of the Class ∑3(x,8) When Z7‡Ø

In the paper, complete semigroup binary relation is defined by semilattices of the class . We give a full description of idempotent elements of given semigroup. For the case where X is a finite set and , we derive formulas by calculating the numbers of idempotent elements of the respective semigroup.

A Table That Produces Elements

How do elements originate, how atoms are formed, and what are the laws? According to the unified logic of “Tong Yi Lun Thought”, combined with the elements’ attributes and the atomic composition that have been discovered now, after determining that the mechanism of increasing yang in the atomic system is the increase of proton number, the Bian Zheng relationship among proton, neutron and electron determines that there are only 128 kinds of elements in the atomic system. At the same time, element atoms have corresponding logical relations when they are generated.

Study of main body element of crustal strain and its relationship with moderate-strong earthquakes

In this paper, progress in strain study of blocks and faults by GPS data are discussed, and the concept that active structures between blocks are the main body of crustal strain is clarified. By energy transfer principle of elastic mechanics, the relation between strain around faults and tectonic force on fault surfaces is set up and main body element model of crustal strain is constructed. Finally, the relation between mechanical evolution of model and seismogenic process of Kunlun earthquake （Ms=8.1） is discussed by continuous GPS data of datum stations. The result suggests that the relatively relaxed change under background of strong compressing and shearing may help to trigger moderate-strong earthquakes.

基于Python的平面杆系结构有限元分析

基于Python程序,将杆单元位移不连续、理想刚杆两种力学对象关联统一,开展平面杆系结构有限元模型分析,并实现一种基于“变量标记”的自由度集中处理的计算模式.基于虚功原理引入并推证刚体荷载传递定理,表明耦合单元、刚杆及忽略某一自由度的有限元内置算法处理过程中,实质是将单元刚度矩阵进行“刚化”处理.算例分析表明,“变量标记”的计算模式与单元刚度矩阵的“刚化”处理,具有力学模型的普适性和统一性、编程的可行性以及结果的可靠性等特点,能解决平面任意杆系结构的建模问题.研究结果表明,“主从结点”、“刚杆”等建模方法,对于进一步开展有限元二次开发、大变形以及非线性等功能性扩展等有重要的参加价值,证明将Python程序应用于结构有限元分析的可行性.

保持等价关系的变换半群的一些结果

给出了保持等价关系的变换半群上的格林关系L,R,H和格林*-关系L^(*),R^(*),H^(*)相容的充要条件,刻画了这类半群的左(右,完全)正则性,得到了这类半群的全体幂等元(正则元,富足元)构成子半群的等价描述.

思政元素浸课堂 核心价值育新人——以兽医药理学教学为例

实施课程思政教学是涉农专业落实立德树人根本任务,培养知农、爱农的新农科人才的根本需求。兽医药理学作为动物医学专业核心课程,不仅要完成专业知识的传授,更要通过挖掘课程思政元素实现学生职业道德、民族情怀、爱国主义、文化自信、人格修养和科学精神等方面的思政教育,实现思政教育与专业课程一体化进行全方位育人的新局面。该文通过梳理课程知识脉络,挖掘思政元素,根据教学内容设计思政案例实施过程,达到思政育人目标,起到很好的知识传授、能力培养、价值塑造效果,为农学类专业课程实施思政教学改革提供借鉴。

航空公司安全韧性评价模型

为科学量化航空公司应对风险冲击与扰动,保持安全运行水平稳定的能力,将“安全韧性”概念引入航空公司安全管理,构建航空公司安全韧性评价模型。基于交通运输领域对韧性内涵的理解,提出航空公司安全韧性概念曲线,明确了航空公司安全韧性包括风险应对能力和安全运行恢复能力两方面。运用文献计量法和专家访谈法建立了航空公司安全韧性评价指标体系。运用序关系分析法和物元可拓理论构建了航空公司安全韧性评价模型。运用该模型对A航空公司进行评价,结果表明,A航空公司安全韧性等级为五级,处于优秀水平,与公司现阶段实际情况基本相符。

“海洋生物学”课程思政元素挖掘初探

“海洋生物学”是涉海高校本科生一门非常重要的专业基础课,在海洋科学、海洋环境科学等专业人才培养中具有重要作用。面对国家海洋生物分类专业人才需求和枯燥繁多的海洋生物分类知识,通过海洋生物分类科学思维方法的训练,在海洋生物学课程思政建设探索和实践过程中凝练出“六个一精神”思政元素。期待通过“海洋生物学”课程的“六个一精神”融入课程思政建设的总体布局,和其他思政元素一起,共同坚定大学生的理想信念,培养出建设海洋强国的高素质专业人才。

职务科技成果权属改革全方位法规体系协调研究

职务科技成果权属改革需要法规体系的协调支持。现行法规体系缺乏顶层设计统筹,一方面提倡赋能,一方面仍存在制约赋权的关键障碍;知识产权法、科技法、资产管理法等规定纷杂交错且多头冲突,对成果依法赋权与权能利用造成不利影响;职务成果混合所有制、非资产化管理等权属赋能改革存在合法性困难。各地方改革探索从1.0版向2.0版深化发展,试图解决供应端、管理端、服务端、应用端的全要素赋能难题。结合试点改革经验,分析当前法规适应现实发展、政策需要的不足;分析科技成果的内涵类型、法律权能、权利取得与资产管理制度,面向科技成果创造到转化运用全周期,探究科技成果客体权属、主体所需权能与其不协调问题,剖析制约创新与转化的因素根由、对策机理、权能匹配方案。指出上游供应端、中游管理服务端、下游应用端的改革重点;提出构建多主体收益兼容的期权激励、处置与收益分管的相容举措,提升重要环节主体能动性;建议夯实职务科技成果的法律权利基础,明确权属改革依据;针对不敢转、无能转、没动力转和创新质量不足、市场条件不对接等现实障碍,提出增强基础研究权益激励、培育高质量创新、引导科技成果弹性定价、优化国有无形资产管理方式、强化权责利益匹配协同等制度对策,探索构建统一的职务科技成果法规,保障职务科技成果权能发挥长周期作用。