Introduction:?Ovarian borderline clear cell tumor is a very rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of borderline ovarian tumors. Currently, only 30 cases of borderline clear cell tumors have been reported.?This border...Introduction:?Ovarian borderline clear cell tumor is a very rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of borderline ovarian tumors. Currently, only 30 cases of borderline clear cell tumors have been reported.?This borderline ovarian clear cell tumor often arises from endometriosis. But there are no definitive guidelines for the management of endometriosis with malignant transformation due to a lack of understanding of the mechanistic details that mediate the transformation of endometriosis into ovarian cancer. Case: A?52-year-old woman (G2 P2) who periodically underwent ultraso-nography over the course of 12 years in order to follow the endometrioma present in her left ovary. The diameter of the lesion was 46 mm and it remained largely unchanged. However, a solid region within the ovarian cyst was detected. After the surgery, the final pathological diagnosis was cystic clear cell tumor of borderline malignancy.?Conclusion: It reported that risk factors of malignant transformation are older age, postmenopausal status, and larger tumor diameters were associated with a higher prevalence of cancer development. But it is recommended that patients with endometriosis, regardless of patient age or tumor size, undergo careful monitoring to detect changes in growth or the formation of solid regions for as long as the lesion is present.展开更多
We present an uncommon case （female patient aged 59 years） of the clear-cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor （CEOT） （also known as Pindborg tumor） in the mandible. The clinical characteristics...We present an uncommon case （female patient aged 59 years） of the clear-cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor （CEOT） （also known as Pindborg tumor） in the mandible. The clinical characteristics and probable origins of the clear tumor cells of previously reported cases of clear-cell variant of intraosseous CEOT are also summarized and discussed.展开更多
We report the case of a 67-year-old female who presented with a large renal mass. Gross examination of the nephrectomy specimen demonstrated a 6-cm renal mass that invaded into the renal sinus and perinephric fat. His...We report the case of a 67-year-old female who presented with a large renal mass. Gross examination of the nephrectomy specimen demonstrated a 6-cm renal mass that invaded into the renal sinus and perinephric fat. Histologic examination revealed two distinct tumor types. The first type was a conventional(clear cell) renal cell carcinoma that was of low nuclear grade and comprised the minority of the overall tumor. The second type was a high-grade collecting duct carcinoma with glandular/tubular differentiation and composed the majority of the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated distinctive patterns of the two tumor types, thus confirming two distinct lineages. Five months postoperatively, the patient developed metastasis to the lungs and right hilar lymph node region. A fine needle aspiration of a lung nodule demonstrated a metastatic, poorly differentiated carcinoma, similar to the collecting duct carcinoma component in the kidney. Collision tumors of the kidney are rare with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. Our report further expands the spectrum of this rare phenomenon.展开更多
BACKGROUND Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract(CCSLGT)is a rare malignant gastrointestinal mesenchymal soft tissue tumor.Its genetic feature is EWSR1 gene rearrangement.Histologically,it is oft...BACKGROUND Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract(CCSLGT)is a rare malignant gastrointestinal mesenchymal soft tissue tumor.Its genetic feature is EWSR1 gene rearrangement.Histologically,it is often accompanied by a varying number of CD68-positive osteoclast-like giant cells.CCSLGT mostly occurs in the small intestinal wall of young people and children.In terms of clinical manifestations,there is no significant difference between it and other gastrointestinal tumors,and the diagnosis depends on immunohistochemistry and gene detection.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old man developed dizziness and fatigue 2 mo ago,and 10 d ago showed progressive exacerbation of paroxysmal epigastric pain and stopped flatulence and defecation.Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the distal ileum.After complete resection of the lesion,it was diagnosed by combined immunohistochemical and genetic examination as CCSLGT.After surgery,the patient gradually developed lymph node,liver,lung,bone,left thigh,pleura and adrenal metastasis.The survival time was 4 years and 8 mo.CONCLUSION Whole abdominal computed tomography enhancement is recommended for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.There is no effective treatment for CCSLGT with multiple metastases via the lymphatic system and bloodstream after surgical resection.展开更多
"Perivascular epithelioid cutaneous" cell tumors(PEComa) are a family of mesenchymal tumors with shared microscopic and immunohistochemical properties: They exhibit both smooth muscle cell and melanocytic di..."Perivascular epithelioid cutaneous" cell tumors(PEComa) are a family of mesenchymal tumors with shared microscopic and immunohistochemical properties: They exhibit both smooth muscle cell and melanocytic differentiation. Non-neoplastic counterpart of PEComa's cells are unknown, as well as the relationship between extracutaneous PEComa and primary cutaneous ones. We will review the clinical setting, histopathologic features, chromosomal abnormalities, differential diagnosis and treatment options for cutaneous PEComa.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma(HCCC)is an uncommon tumor that originates in the salivary glands.This neoplasia constitutes less than 1%of minor salivary gland tumors.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female visi...BACKGROUND Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma(HCCC)is an uncommon tumor that originates in the salivary glands.This neoplasia constitutes less than 1%of minor salivary gland tumors.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female visited the maxillofacial surgery department owing to a smooth,slightly yellowish protruding mass on the left side of the floor of the mouth,at the level of the molars;the tumor mass had a soft consistency on palpation and did not adhere to deep planes.The microscopical analysis of the excisional biopsy showed that the lesion was composed of sheets and cords of clear cells separated by thick eosinophilic bands of hyaline collagen.Normal glandular tissue was absent,periodic acid-Schiff with and without diastase stains,and immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnosis.This is the second case reported in the literature of HCCC arising in the floor of the mouth.CONCLUSION HCCC is a rare salivary gland tumor that has not been studied extensively.Its diagnosis is usually challenging,because clinically,it can be confused with a benign neoplasm.展开更多
A 17-year-old female presented with rectal bleeding from an ulcerated sigmoid mass in 1994.Initial pathological evaluation revealed a rare clear cell neoplasm of the colon,possibly originating from kidneys,adrenals,lu...A 17-year-old female presented with rectal bleeding from an ulcerated sigmoid mass in 1994.Initial pathological evaluation revealed a rare clear cell neoplasm of the colon,possibly originating from kidneys,adrenals,lung or a gynecologic source as a metastatic lesion.Extensive imaging studies were negative,and over the next 15 years,she remained well with no recurrence.The original resected neoplasm was reviewed and reclassified as a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa).Although the long-term natural history of PEComas requires definition,increased clinical and pathological awareness should lead to increased recognition of an apparently rare type of colonic neoplasm that likely occurs more often than is currently appreciated.展开更多
Representing 2%-3% of adult cancers, renal cell carcinoma(RCC) accounts for 90% of renal malignancies and is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Over the last 65 years, the incidence of RCC has increased ...Representing 2%-3% of adult cancers, renal cell carcinoma(RCC) accounts for 90% of renal malignancies and is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Over the last 65 years, the incidence of RCC has increased at a rate of 2% per year. The increased incidence is at least partly due to improved tumor detection secondary to greater availability of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging modalities over the last few decades. Most RCCs are asymptomatic at discovery and are detected as unexpected findings on imaging performed for unrelated clinical indications. The 2004 World Health Organization Classification of adult renal tumors stratifies RCC into several distinct histologic subtypes of which clear cell, papillary and chromophobe tumors account for 70%, 10%-15%, and 5%, respectively. Knowledge of the RCC subtype is important because the various subtypes are associated with different biologic behavior, prognosis and treatment options. Furthermore, the common RCC subtypes can often be discriminated non-invasively based on gross morphologic imaging appearances, signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and the degree of tumor enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In this article, we review the incidence and survival data, risk factors, clinical and biochemical findings, imaging findings, staging, differential diagnosis, management options and posttreatment follow-up of RCC, with attention focused on the common subtypes.展开更多
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important contributor to cancer-specific mortality worldwide. Targeted agents that inhibit key subtype-specific signaling pathways have improved survival times and have recently become...Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important contributor to cancer-specific mortality worldwide. Targeted agents that inhibit key subtype-specific signaling pathways have improved survival times and have recently become part of the standard of care for this disease. Accurately diagnosing and classifying RCC on the basis of tumor histology is thus critical. RCC has been traditionally divided into clear-cell and non-clearcell categories, with papillary RCC forming the most common subtype of non-clear-cell RCC. Renal neoplasms with overlapping histologies, such as tumors with mixed clear-cell and papillary features and hybrid renal oncocytic tumors, are increasingly seen in contemporary practice and present a diagnostic challenge with important therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss the histologic, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and clinicopathologic aspects of these differential diagnoses and illustrate how the classification of RCC has evolved to integrate both the tumor's microscopic appearance and its molecular fingerprint.展开更多
文摘Introduction:?Ovarian borderline clear cell tumor is a very rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of borderline ovarian tumors. Currently, only 30 cases of borderline clear cell tumors have been reported.?This borderline ovarian clear cell tumor often arises from endometriosis. But there are no definitive guidelines for the management of endometriosis with malignant transformation due to a lack of understanding of the mechanistic details that mediate the transformation of endometriosis into ovarian cancer. Case: A?52-year-old woman (G2 P2) who periodically underwent ultraso-nography over the course of 12 years in order to follow the endometrioma present in her left ovary. The diameter of the lesion was 46 mm and it remained largely unchanged. However, a solid region within the ovarian cyst was detected. After the surgery, the final pathological diagnosis was cystic clear cell tumor of borderline malignancy.?Conclusion: It reported that risk factors of malignant transformation are older age, postmenopausal status, and larger tumor diameters were associated with a higher prevalence of cancer development. But it is recommended that patients with endometriosis, regardless of patient age or tumor size, undergo careful monitoring to detect changes in growth or the formation of solid regions for as long as the lesion is present.
文摘We present an uncommon case （female patient aged 59 years） of the clear-cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor （CEOT） （also known as Pindborg tumor） in the mandible. The clinical characteristics and probable origins of the clear tumor cells of previously reported cases of clear-cell variant of intraosseous CEOT are also summarized and discussed.
文摘We report the case of a 67-year-old female who presented with a large renal mass. Gross examination of the nephrectomy specimen demonstrated a 6-cm renal mass that invaded into the renal sinus and perinephric fat. Histologic examination revealed two distinct tumor types. The first type was a conventional(clear cell) renal cell carcinoma that was of low nuclear grade and comprised the minority of the overall tumor. The second type was a high-grade collecting duct carcinoma with glandular/tubular differentiation and composed the majority of the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated distinctive patterns of the two tumor types, thus confirming two distinct lineages. Five months postoperatively, the patient developed metastasis to the lungs and right hilar lymph node region. A fine needle aspiration of a lung nodule demonstrated a metastatic, poorly differentiated carcinoma, similar to the collecting duct carcinoma component in the kidney. Collision tumors of the kidney are rare with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. Our report further expands the spectrum of this rare phenomenon.
文摘BACKGROUND Clear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract(CCSLGT)is a rare malignant gastrointestinal mesenchymal soft tissue tumor.Its genetic feature is EWSR1 gene rearrangement.Histologically,it is often accompanied by a varying number of CD68-positive osteoclast-like giant cells.CCSLGT mostly occurs in the small intestinal wall of young people and children.In terms of clinical manifestations,there is no significant difference between it and other gastrointestinal tumors,and the diagnosis depends on immunohistochemistry and gene detection.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old man developed dizziness and fatigue 2 mo ago,and 10 d ago showed progressive exacerbation of paroxysmal epigastric pain and stopped flatulence and defecation.Computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the distal ileum.After complete resection of the lesion,it was diagnosed by combined immunohistochemical and genetic examination as CCSLGT.After surgery,the patient gradually developed lymph node,liver,lung,bone,left thigh,pleura and adrenal metastasis.The survival time was 4 years and 8 mo.CONCLUSION Whole abdominal computed tomography enhancement is recommended for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.There is no effective treatment for CCSLGT with multiple metastases via the lymphatic system and bloodstream after surgical resection.
文摘"Perivascular epithelioid cutaneous" cell tumors(PEComa) are a family of mesenchymal tumors with shared microscopic and immunohistochemical properties: They exhibit both smooth muscle cell and melanocytic differentiation. Non-neoplastic counterpart of PEComa's cells are unknown, as well as the relationship between extracutaneous PEComa and primary cutaneous ones. We will review the clinical setting, histopathologic features, chromosomal abnormalities, differential diagnosis and treatment options for cutaneous PEComa.
文摘BACKGROUND Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma(HCCC)is an uncommon tumor that originates in the salivary glands.This neoplasia constitutes less than 1%of minor salivary gland tumors.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female visited the maxillofacial surgery department owing to a smooth,slightly yellowish protruding mass on the left side of the floor of the mouth,at the level of the molars;the tumor mass had a soft consistency on palpation and did not adhere to deep planes.The microscopical analysis of the excisional biopsy showed that the lesion was composed of sheets and cords of clear cells separated by thick eosinophilic bands of hyaline collagen.Normal glandular tissue was absent,periodic acid-Schiff with and without diastase stains,and immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnosis.This is the second case reported in the literature of HCCC arising in the floor of the mouth.CONCLUSION HCCC is a rare salivary gland tumor that has not been studied extensively.Its diagnosis is usually challenging,because clinically,it can be confused with a benign neoplasm.
文摘目的:透明细胞乳头状肾细胞肿瘤(clear cell papillary renal cell tumor,CCPRCT)是一种少见但重要的肾肿瘤类型,与其他肾细胞肿瘤具有类似的形态学特征,易导致误诊。本研究旨在探讨CCPRCT的临床病理特征、诊断及鉴别诊断要点,以提高其病理诊断的准确性。方法:收集15例CCPRCT患者,观察其临床及影像学特点,分析其镜下形态、免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果:15例患者中,男10例,女5例,年龄为(54±17)岁,10例患者肿瘤位于左肾,5例患者肿瘤位于右肾。组织学上肿瘤均由增厚的纤维囊包裹,并局限于肾实质内;肿瘤细胞排列成乳头状、管状、囊状、腺泡及实性等结构;乳头由小到中等大小、透明细胞质的单层细胞组成,肿瘤均为世界卫生组织/国际泌尿病理学会(World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology,WHO/ISUP)1级或2级;细胞核反极性分布,即核上移,靠近腔面,远离基底,类似鲨鱼牙齿排列。免疫组织化学染色显示:细胞角蛋白7、碳酸酐酶9(carbonic anhydrase 9,CA9)和高分子量细胞角蛋白(34βE12)均为阳性表达;α甲基酰基辅酶A消旋酶、CD117、转录因子E3均为阴性表达;CCPRCT中典型的CA9表现方式是“U型”着色,即腔缘不表达,基底和侧面表达。患者术后随访均未见复发或转移。结论:CCPRCT是一种惰性肾细胞肿瘤,预后好,临床可能存在过诊断,其形态学为特征性的核朝向腔缘的线性排列,特殊的免疫表型CA9呈“U型”阳性,可以与其他肾细胞肿瘤区分开来,但仍然需要积累更多患者来阐释其预后。
文摘A 17-year-old female presented with rectal bleeding from an ulcerated sigmoid mass in 1994.Initial pathological evaluation revealed a rare clear cell neoplasm of the colon,possibly originating from kidneys,adrenals,lung or a gynecologic source as a metastatic lesion.Extensive imaging studies were negative,and over the next 15 years,she remained well with no recurrence.The original resected neoplasm was reviewed and reclassified as a perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa).Although the long-term natural history of PEComas requires definition,increased clinical and pathological awareness should lead to increased recognition of an apparently rare type of colonic neoplasm that likely occurs more often than is currently appreciated.
文摘Representing 2%-3% of adult cancers, renal cell carcinoma(RCC) accounts for 90% of renal malignancies and is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Over the last 65 years, the incidence of RCC has increased at a rate of 2% per year. The increased incidence is at least partly due to improved tumor detection secondary to greater availability of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging modalities over the last few decades. Most RCCs are asymptomatic at discovery and are detected as unexpected findings on imaging performed for unrelated clinical indications. The 2004 World Health Organization Classification of adult renal tumors stratifies RCC into several distinct histologic subtypes of which clear cell, papillary and chromophobe tumors account for 70%, 10%-15%, and 5%, respectively. Knowledge of the RCC subtype is important because the various subtypes are associated with different biologic behavior, prognosis and treatment options. Furthermore, the common RCC subtypes can often be discriminated non-invasively based on gross morphologic imaging appearances, signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and the degree of tumor enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In this article, we review the incidence and survival data, risk factors, clinical and biochemical findings, imaging findings, staging, differential diagnosis, management options and posttreatment follow-up of RCC, with attention focused on the common subtypes.
文摘Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important contributor to cancer-specific mortality worldwide. Targeted agents that inhibit key subtype-specific signaling pathways have improved survival times and have recently become part of the standard of care for this disease. Accurately diagnosing and classifying RCC on the basis of tumor histology is thus critical. RCC has been traditionally divided into clear-cell and non-clearcell categories, with papillary RCC forming the most common subtype of non-clear-cell RCC. Renal neoplasms with overlapping histologies, such as tumors with mixed clear-cell and papillary features and hybrid renal oncocytic tumors, are increasingly seen in contemporary practice and present a diagnostic challenge with important therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss the histologic, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and clinicopathologic aspects of these differential diagnoses and illustrate how the classification of RCC has evolved to integrate both the tumor's microscopic appearance and its molecular fingerprint.
