The direct and indirect effect of ICT on energy conservation and emission reduction is described. The energy consumption per unit GDP in the ICT industry is lower than that in other industries. The application of ICT ...The direct and indirect effect of ICT on energy conservation and emission reduction is described. The energy consumption per unit GDP in the ICT industry is lower than that in other industries. The application of ICT in such fi elds as industrial design, manufacturing, management, logistics, sales and service can be helpful for energy conservation and emission reduction in the industrial and transportations industry; however, the issue of energy waste and environmental pollution caused by voluminous deployment of ICT products should never be overlooked. This paper presents the lat- est development of communications products in energy conservation and exemplifi es the roles of ICT in energy conservation and consumption reduction. The issue of electromagnetic radiation of ICT products and the recycling and reuse of e-wastes are explored.展开更多
We have developed a simple, productive, and ettectlve poly（cllmetnysltoxane） rranu fer method to fabricate highly conductive Pd nanowires following DNA scaffolds on various substrates, based on ethanolreduction at l...We have developed a simple, productive, and ettectlve poly（cllmetnysltoxane） rranu fer method to fabricate highly conductive Pd nanowires following DNA scaffolds on various substrates, based on ethanolreduction at low temperature. Pd nanoparticles were selectively deposited and confined onto the DNA templates on a PDMS sheet to form Pd nanowires and then the nanowires were transferred to other various substrates with a low occurrence of par asitic nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and the conductance of Pd nanowires were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron mi croscopy, and electrical transport measurement, respectively. Moreover, the growth process of the Pd nanowires was investigated by varying the incubation time and reaction temper ature. The present strategy provides a new method to fabricate extremely dense, highly conductive, and well aligned Pd nanowires on various substrates, which make it promising for building nanosensors and nanoelectronic devices.展开更多
The operation of blast furnace using natural gas and oxygen enriched blast （composite blast technology） is considered in many countries to be standard operation for a modern blast furnace particularly in certain cou...The operation of blast furnace using natural gas and oxygen enriched blast （composite blast technology） is considered in many countries to be standard operation for a modern blast furnace particularly in certain countries with cheap and stable supply of natural gas. The theoretical flame temperature （TFT） of combustion and the degree of di-rect reduction of iron oxides （rd） are considered as the main controlling parameters of composite blast technology. The calculated values of these parameters are mainly dependent on the amount of air blast consumption. This amount of air blast is measured before entering into blast stoves, Actually, some of air blast is lost through valves of air stoves. Consequently, the real volume of air blast in the furnace is less than the recorded value by amounts of 5%-15% which is not considered in the estimation of rd and TFT. The purpose is to analyze the different methods for es-timation of air blast inside the blast furnaces and develop a theoretical model to calculate air blast eonsumption with high accuracy. Based on the calculation of air blast consumption, a complete roadmap is demonstrated to change the operation regime parameters of blast furnaces working on composite blast technology.展开更多
Climate financing is a key issue in current negotiations on climate protection. This study establishes a climate financing model based on a mechanism in which donor countries set up funds for climate financing and rec...Climate financing is a key issue in current negotiations on climate protection. This study establishes a climate financing model based on a mechanism in which donor countries set up funds for climate financing and recipient countries use the funds exclusively for carbon emission reduction. The burden-sharing principles are based on GDP, historical emissions, and consumption- based emissions. Using this model, we develop and analyze a series of scenario simulations, including a financing program negotiated at the Cancun Climate Change Conference （2010） and several subsequent programs. Results show that sustained climate financing can help to combat global climate change. However, the Cancun Agreements are projected to result in a reduction of only 0.0I^C in global warming by 2100 compared to the scenario without climate financing. Longer-term climate financing programs should be established to achieve more significant benefits. Our model and simulations also show that climate financing has economic benefits for develop- ing countries. Developed countries will suffer a slight GDP loss in the early stages of climate financing, but the long- term economic growth and the eventual benefits of climate mitigation will compensate for this slight loss. Different burden-sharing principles have very similar effects on global temperature change and economic growth of recipient countries, but they do result in differences in GDP changes for Japan and the FSU. The GDP-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for Japan, while the historical emissions-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for the FSU. A larger burden share leads to a greater GDP loss.展开更多
文摘The direct and indirect effect of ICT on energy conservation and emission reduction is described. The energy consumption per unit GDP in the ICT industry is lower than that in other industries. The application of ICT in such fi elds as industrial design, manufacturing, management, logistics, sales and service can be helpful for energy conservation and emission reduction in the industrial and transportations industry; however, the issue of energy waste and environmental pollution caused by voluminous deployment of ICT products should never be overlooked. This paper presents the lat- est development of communications products in energy conservation and exemplifi es the roles of ICT in energy conservation and consumption reduction. The issue of electromagnetic radiation of ICT products and the recycling and reuse of e-wastes are explored.
文摘We have developed a simple, productive, and ettectlve poly（cllmetnysltoxane） rranu fer method to fabricate highly conductive Pd nanowires following DNA scaffolds on various substrates, based on ethanolreduction at low temperature. Pd nanoparticles were selectively deposited and confined onto the DNA templates on a PDMS sheet to form Pd nanowires and then the nanowires were transferred to other various substrates with a low occurrence of par asitic nanoparticles. The structure, morphology and the conductance of Pd nanowires were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron mi croscopy, and electrical transport measurement, respectively. Moreover, the growth process of the Pd nanowires was investigated by varying the incubation time and reaction temper ature. The present strategy provides a new method to fabricate extremely dense, highly conductive, and well aligned Pd nanowires on various substrates, which make it promising for building nanosensors and nanoelectronic devices.
文摘The operation of blast furnace using natural gas and oxygen enriched blast （composite blast technology） is considered in many countries to be standard operation for a modern blast furnace particularly in certain countries with cheap and stable supply of natural gas. The theoretical flame temperature （TFT） of combustion and the degree of di-rect reduction of iron oxides （rd） are considered as the main controlling parameters of composite blast technology. The calculated values of these parameters are mainly dependent on the amount of air blast consumption. This amount of air blast is measured before entering into blast stoves, Actually, some of air blast is lost through valves of air stoves. Consequently, the real volume of air blast in the furnace is less than the recorded value by amounts of 5%-15% which is not considered in the estimation of rd and TFT. The purpose is to analyze the different methods for es-timation of air blast inside the blast furnaces and develop a theoretical model to calculate air blast eonsumption with high accuracy. Based on the calculation of air blast consumption, a complete roadmap is demonstrated to change the operation regime parameters of blast furnaces working on composite blast technology.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB955800）, the National Social Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 14CGJ025） and the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program （Grant No. XDA05150900）.
文摘Climate financing is a key issue in current negotiations on climate protection. This study establishes a climate financing model based on a mechanism in which donor countries set up funds for climate financing and recipient countries use the funds exclusively for carbon emission reduction. The burden-sharing principles are based on GDP, historical emissions, and consumption- based emissions. Using this model, we develop and analyze a series of scenario simulations, including a financing program negotiated at the Cancun Climate Change Conference （2010） and several subsequent programs. Results show that sustained climate financing can help to combat global climate change. However, the Cancun Agreements are projected to result in a reduction of only 0.0I^C in global warming by 2100 compared to the scenario without climate financing. Longer-term climate financing programs should be established to achieve more significant benefits. Our model and simulations also show that climate financing has economic benefits for develop- ing countries. Developed countries will suffer a slight GDP loss in the early stages of climate financing, but the long- term economic growth and the eventual benefits of climate mitigation will compensate for this slight loss. Different burden-sharing principles have very similar effects on global temperature change and economic growth of recipient countries, but they do result in differences in GDP changes for Japan and the FSU. The GDP-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for Japan, while the historical emissions-based principle results in a larger share of financial burden for the FSU. A larger burden share leads to a greater GDP loss.
