To investigate the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on the in vitro development of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryos. Methods The cultural systems of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryo were used to dete...To investigate the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on the in vitro development of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryos. Methods The cultural systems of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryo were used to determine the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride at doses of 1 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, and 10 ng/mL on developmental rates of mouse embryos. Results When 1 cell embryos cultured with 1 ng/mL of clenbuterol hydrochloride, developmental rates from the 4 cell stage to blastocyst stage were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), but on dosages of 3 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, the inhibiting effects on embryo development were significantly increased (P<0.01). When 2 cell embryos cultured with 1 ng/mL of clenbuterol hydrochloride, obvious differences in developmental rates were not found between the 2 cell embryo group and the control (P>0.05). However, at levels of 3 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, significant decrease of developmental rates in 2 cell embryos was observed from the 4 cell and from the 8 cell stage, respectively (P<0.05). Embryos cultured with clenbuterol hydrochloride appeared to have more granules, fragments and degeneration than those in the control. Conclusion Clenbuterol hydrochloride has a toxic effect on the mouse embryos, and the effect is in a dose dependent. 1 cell mouse embryos cultured with clenbuterol hydrochloride could be easily inhibited at 2 cell stage, but the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on development of the late 2 cell embryos would be reduced.展开更多
To make more homogenous organic monolithic structure, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） process was employed in the synthesis of the clenbuterol imprinted polymer. In the synthesis, the influen...To make more homogenous organic monolithic structure, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） process was employed in the synthesis of the clenbuterol imprinted polymer. In the synthesis, the influence of synthetic conditions on the polymer structure and separation efficiency was studied. The result demonstrated that the imprinted columns prepared with RAFT process have higher column efficiency and selectivity than the columns prepared with conventional polymerization in the present study, which may result from the higher surface area, smaller pore size and the narrower globule size distribution in their structures. The result indicated that RAFT polymerization provided better conditions for the clenbuterol imprinted monolithic polymer preparation. 2009 Xiang Chao Dong. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Pig （Sus scrofa） fat accumulation can be reduced by feeding with high dosages of clenbuterol, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been explained. In our study, a porcine cDNA microarray representing 3 358 pig ge...Pig （Sus scrofa） fat accumulation can be reduced by feeding with high dosages of clenbuterol, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been explained. In our study, a porcine cDNA microarray representing 3 358 pig genes was successfully developed. This microarray is the first porcine DNA microarray in China and its false positive rate is 0.98%, which means the microarray platform is reliable. The microarray can be used to study gene expression profiles in multiple pig tissues because the present genes percentage of adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen were all more than 60%. This microarray was used to identify the genes responding to clenbuterol stimulation in pig internal organs, including heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Many genes were identified including enzymes involved in lipids metabolism （lipoprotein lipase up-regulated in liver, heart and lung, ATP-citrate lyase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor up-regulated in liver, succinyl-CoA up-regulated in lung, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase down-regulated in spleen）, and signaling pathway genes （cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway was found up-regulated in liver, heart, lung, and kidney as reported previously, while transforming growth factor was found down-regulated in heart and lung）. However, no common gene responding to clenbuterol administration was found in all tissues. The expression levels of 14 genes were analyzed using real-time PCR with 82.1% of them induced to express similar magnitudes as in the microarray analyses. This work offers some understanding of how clenbuterol so effectively reduces pig adipose accumulation on the molecular level.展开更多
文摘目的研究Clenbuterol对于促进脊髓半横切(SCI)后轴突再生和运动功能恢复的功效。方法成年Wistar大鼠(n=10-12)接受硬脊膜内的第7颈段脊髓单侧半横切显微手术。Clenbuterol以9 mg/L的剂量加入饮用水中,而对照组未给予任何治疗。采用Cylinder试验和患肢抓力试验观察运动功能的恢复状况。行为学观察期(6周)结束后,大鼠接受第二胸段脊髓处椎板切开术,4%Fluorogold微量注射进入红核脊髓束,一周后被处死。结果运动功能逐渐恢复,从SCI后第3周开始,Clenbuterol治疗组显著优于对照组(最终患肢抓力:403.45±19.82g vs 335.13±13.48g,p<0.05);在Cylinder试验中,双侧前肢共同使用触壁的百分比,Clenbuterol组显著高于对照组(43.39%±5.85%vs 19.42%±6.61%,p<0.05)。Clenbuterol治疗显著地降低了SCI后继发性组织损伤,提高了pCREB阳性细胞核在整个SCI点的表达水平。与对照组相比,Clenbuterol显著地促进了红核脊髓束轴突的再生。结论脊髓损伤后,Clenbuterol可促进离断的轴突再生以及运动功能的恢复。
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong ProvinceChina
文摘To investigate the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on the in vitro development of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryos. Methods The cultural systems of both 1 cell and 2 cell mouse embryo were used to determine the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride at doses of 1 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, and 10 ng/mL on developmental rates of mouse embryos. Results When 1 cell embryos cultured with 1 ng/mL of clenbuterol hydrochloride, developmental rates from the 4 cell stage to blastocyst stage were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), but on dosages of 3 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, the inhibiting effects on embryo development were significantly increased (P<0.01). When 2 cell embryos cultured with 1 ng/mL of clenbuterol hydrochloride, obvious differences in developmental rates were not found between the 2 cell embryo group and the control (P>0.05). However, at levels of 3 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, significant decrease of developmental rates in 2 cell embryos was observed from the 4 cell and from the 8 cell stage, respectively (P<0.05). Embryos cultured with clenbuterol hydrochloride appeared to have more granules, fragments and degeneration than those in the control. Conclusion Clenbuterol hydrochloride has a toxic effect on the mouse embryos, and the effect is in a dose dependent. 1 cell mouse embryos cultured with clenbuterol hydrochloride could be easily inhibited at 2 cell stage, but the effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on development of the late 2 cell embryos would be reduced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20575030)
文摘To make more homogenous organic monolithic structure, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） process was employed in the synthesis of the clenbuterol imprinted polymer. In the synthesis, the influence of synthetic conditions on the polymer structure and separation efficiency was studied. The result demonstrated that the imprinted columns prepared with RAFT process have higher column efficiency and selectivity than the columns prepared with conventional polymerization in the present study, which may result from the higher surface area, smaller pore size and the narrower globule size distribution in their structures. The result indicated that RAFT polymerization provided better conditions for the clenbuterol imprinted monolithic polymer preparation. 2009 Xiang Chao Dong. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800778 and 31072004)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation (C2009000871)+2 种基金the Hebei Educational Foundation,China (2009119)the Hebei Excellent Expert for Overseas Advanced Training Program (2009)Scientific Research Innovation Team Funds of Hebei Normal University of Sci & Tech,China
文摘Pig （Sus scrofa） fat accumulation can be reduced by feeding with high dosages of clenbuterol, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been explained. In our study, a porcine cDNA microarray representing 3 358 pig genes was successfully developed. This microarray is the first porcine DNA microarray in China and its false positive rate is 0.98%, which means the microarray platform is reliable. The microarray can be used to study gene expression profiles in multiple pig tissues because the present genes percentage of adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen were all more than 60%. This microarray was used to identify the genes responding to clenbuterol stimulation in pig internal organs, including heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Many genes were identified including enzymes involved in lipids metabolism （lipoprotein lipase up-regulated in liver, heart and lung, ATP-citrate lyase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor up-regulated in liver, succinyl-CoA up-regulated in lung, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase down-regulated in spleen）, and signaling pathway genes （cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway was found up-regulated in liver, heart, lung, and kidney as reported previously, while transforming growth factor was found down-regulated in heart and lung）. However, no common gene responding to clenbuterol administration was found in all tissues. The expression levels of 14 genes were analyzed using real-time PCR with 82.1% of them induced to express similar magnitudes as in the microarray analyses. This work offers some understanding of how clenbuterol so effectively reduces pig adipose accumulation on the molecular level.
