A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its...A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.展开更多
Actors purposefully frame up their issues in multilateral negotiations to reach their desired goals.How were the issues related to mitigation framed up during the two decades of climate negotiations that yielded the P...Actors purposefully frame up their issues in multilateral negotiations to reach their desired goals.How were the issues related to mitigation framed up during the two decades of climate negotiations that yielded the Paris Agreement,what was the mechanism for the evolution of the frames and why did only certain crucially contested frames find traction?In these quests,this work conducts a simultaneous content and frame analysis by applying the framing theory and maps the historic evolution pathways of the related issues.The qualitative analysis identifies a process of frame generation through the contested rhetoric framing by the actors,in line with their primary logics which were shaped by their mental schemata.It finds that the act of framing was the sine-qua-non for the sustenance and traction of the issues,but the fates of the crucially contested frames were determined by the powerful actors.Applying the concept of framing allows the systematic visualization of the negotiation process related to Greenhouse Gas mitigation at the annual conferences of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and helps explain how and why certain outcomes appeared.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for carefully reading this paper and having provided meaningful suggestions which helped improve the quality of paper.This paper should be dedicated to Dr.Ye Chen who was a coauthor and passed away in June,2019.This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71601096,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2019M661838,the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(China)under Grant No.NS2020061,and the Natural Science Young Scholar Foundation of Jiangsu,China,under Grant No.BK20160809.
文摘A novel two-level hierarchical graph model is developed to analyze international climate change negotiations with hierarchical structures:the negotiations take place between two nations and between each nation and its provincial governments.The two national government are two decision makers at the top level.Within each nation,the two provincial governments negotiate with the national government at the lower level.The theoretical structure of this novel model,including decision makers,options,moves,and preference relations,are developed.The interrelationship between the stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model and the stabilities in local models are investigated by theorems.These theorems can be utilized to calculate complete stabilities in the two-level hierarchical graph model when the stabilities in local graph models are known.The international climate change negotiations as the illustrative example is then investigated in detail.The extra equilibrium,uniquely obtained by this novel methodology,suggests that opposition may still be from one provincial government when the national government does not sign the international climate agreement and implements existing environmental laws.Compared with other approaches,this novel methodology is an effective and flexible tool in analyzing hierarchical conflicts at two levels by providing decision makers with strategic resolutions with broader vision.
文摘Actors purposefully frame up their issues in multilateral negotiations to reach their desired goals.How were the issues related to mitigation framed up during the two decades of climate negotiations that yielded the Paris Agreement,what was the mechanism for the evolution of the frames and why did only certain crucially contested frames find traction?In these quests,this work conducts a simultaneous content and frame analysis by applying the framing theory and maps the historic evolution pathways of the related issues.The qualitative analysis identifies a process of frame generation through the contested rhetoric framing by the actors,in line with their primary logics which were shaped by their mental schemata.It finds that the act of framing was the sine-qua-non for the sustenance and traction of the issues,but the fates of the crucially contested frames were determined by the powerful actors.Applying the concept of framing allows the systematic visualization of the negotiation process related to Greenhouse Gas mitigation at the annual conferences of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and helps explain how and why certain outcomes appeared.
