The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clin...The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clinical isolates in order to guide for the rational use of antibiotics. With the clinical isolates from cases of hospital-acquired MRSA at the same period as controls, the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired MRSA in Hangzhou area and the pattern of non-β-lactamase antibiotics resistance were determined in this study. It was found that the average age of patients with community-acquired MRSA infections was 30.89±13.3, in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired patients of 56.0±11.8, appearing to be younger than those of the latter, and the former showing no any basic illness. Both of the former and the latter were sensitive to vancomycin (100% vs 100%), and they had the same degrees of sensitivity to rifampicin, fosfomycin, and STM/TMP (86.8% vs 88.1%, P >0.05; 81.6% vs 82.9%, P >0.05; and 52.6% vs 61.9%, P >0.05, respectively). The former was more sensitive to netimycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and minocycline than those of the latter (73.7% vs 50.5%, P <0.01; 60.5% vs 45.7%, P <0.05; 28.9% vs 11.4%, P <0.01; and 81.6% vs 58.6%, P <0.01 respectively). Meanwhile, the incidence of multi-resistant strain of isolates in the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (31.6% vs 81.0%, P <0.01). In conclusion, it appears that the strains of clinical isolates isolated from patients with the community-acquired MRSA infections show different clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired cases of infection, and this necessitates an alteration in the chemotherapy of infections suspected to be caused by community-acquired MRSA.展开更多
Background： Drug is all important cause of liver injury and accounts for up to 40% of instances offidminant hepatic failure. Drug-induced liver injury （DILl） is increasing while the diagnosis becomes more difficult...Background： Drug is all important cause of liver injury and accounts for up to 40% of instances offidminant hepatic failure. Drug-induced liver injury （DILl） is increasing while the diagnosis becomes more difficult. Though many drugs may cause DILl, Chinese herbal medicines have recently emerged as a major cause due to their extensive use in China. We aimed to provide drug safety information to patients and health carets by analyzing the clinical and pathological characteristics of the DILl and the associated drug types. Methods： A retrospective analysis was conducted in 287 patients diagnosed with DILl enrolled in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. The categories of causative drugs, clinical and pathological characteristics were reviewed. Results： Western medicines ranked as the top cause of DILl, accounting for 163 out of the 287 DILl patients （56.79%） in our study. Among the Western medicine, antituberculosis drugs were the highest cause （18.47%, 53 patients） of DILl. Antibiotics （18 patients, 6.27%） and antithyroid （18 patients, 6.27%） drugs also ranked among the major causes of DILl. Chinese herbal medicines are another major cause of DILl, accounting for 36.59% of cases （105 patients）. Most of the causative Chinese herbal medicines were those used to treat osteopathy, arthropathy, dermatosis, gastropathy, leukotrichia, alopecia, and gynecologic diseases. Hepatocellular hepatitis was prevalent in DILl, regardless of Chinese herbal medicine or Western medicine-induced DILI. Conclusions： Risks and the rational use of medicines should be made clear to reduce the occurrence of DILl. For patients with liver injury of unknown origin, liver tissue pathological examination is recommended for further diagnosis.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedu...<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.展开更多
Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being dis...Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being discovered and developed.Although several high-quality reviews on clinical antibacterial drug pipelines from a global perspective were published recently,none provides comprehensive information on original antibacterial drugs at clinical stages in China.In this review,we summarize the latest progress of novel antibacterial drugs approved for marketing and under clinical evaluation in China since 2019.Information was obtained by consulting official websites,searching commercial databases,retrieving literature,asking personnel from institutions or companies,and other means,and a considerable part of the data covered here has not been included in other reviews.As of June 30,2023,a total of 20 antibacterial projects from 17 Chinese pharmaceutical companies or developers were identified and updated.Among them,two new antibacterial drugs that belong to traditional antibiotic classes were approved by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China in 2019 and 2021,respectively,and 18 antibacterial agents are in clinical development,with one under regulatory evaluation,five in phase-3,six in phase-2,and six in phase-1.Most of the clinical candidates are new analogs or monocomponents of traditional antibacterial pharmacophore types,including two dual-acting hybrid antibiotics and a recombinant antibacterial protein.Overall,despite there being 17 antibacterial clinical candidates,our analysis indicates that there are still relatively few clinically differentiated antibacterial agents in stages of clinical development in China.Hopefully,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and institutions will develop more innovative and clinically differentiated candidates with good market potential in the future research and development(R&D)of original antibacterial drugs.展开更多
Sorafenib, the unique drug as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has opened a window of hope after searching for effective agents to combat HCC for decades. However, the overall outcomes...Sorafenib, the unique drug as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has opened a window of hope after searching for effective agents to combat HCC for decades. However, the overall outcomes are far from satisfactory. One of the explanations is the genetic heterogeneity of HCC, which has led to identifying predictive biomarkers for primary resistance to sorafenib, and then applying the concept of personalized medicine, or seeking therapeutic strategies such as combining sorafenib with other anticancer agents. Some of the combinations have demonstrated a better effectiveness than sorafenib alone, with good tolerance. The acquired resistance to sorafenib has also drawn attention. As a multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib targets several cellular signaling pathways but simultaneously or sequentially the addiction switches and compensatory pathways are activated. Several mechanisms are involved in the acquired resistance to sorafenib, such as crosstalks involving PI3K/Akt and JAK-STAT pathways, hypoxia-inducible pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc . Based on the investigated mechanisms,some other molecular targeted drugs have been applied as second-line treatment for treat HCC after the failure of sorafenib therapy and more are under evaluation in clinical trials. However, the exact mechanisms accounting for sorafenib resistance remains unclear. Further investigation on the crosstalk and relationship of associated pathways will better our understanding of the mechanisms and help to find effective strategies for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyz...AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyzed retrospectively from January 2004to December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups:the HCC group(n = 57) and the non-HCC group(n = 375). Two groups compared using logistic regression for various patients and viral characteristics in order to identify associated risk factors for HCC.Secondarily,patient and tumor characteristics of HCC patients with na ve CHB(N group,n = 117) were compared to the HCC group(R group,n = 57) to identify any difference in HCC characteristics between them.RESULTS:A significant difference was found for age,platelet count,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),positivity of HBeAg,seroconversion rate of HBeAg,virologic response,the Child-Pugh score,presence of rtM204I,and the duration of antiviral treatment in non-HCC and HCC group. Cirrhosis,age(> 50 years),HBeAg(+),virologic non-responder status,and rtM204I mutants were independent risk factors for the development of HCC. The R group had lower serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and AFP levels,earlier stage tumors,and a shorter mean tumor surveillance period than the N group. However,the total follow-up duration was not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:13.2% of patients with drug-resistant CHB developed HCC. Age,cirrhosis,YIDD status,HBeAg status,and virologic response are associated with risk of HCC. Patients with drug-resistant CHB and these clinical factors may benefit from closer HCC surveillance.展开更多
Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced t...Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced tumor disease with poor probabilities for cure, since many patients will show chemo-and radio-resistance. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain chemo-and radio-resistance to anti-tumor therapies, including cell signaling pathways, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stemness, metabolism, and cellular phenotypes. Interestingly, the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs), which are a subset of cells within the tumors, has been related to therapy resistance. In this review, we focus on evaluating the presence of CSCs in different tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hematological neoplasias, highlighting studies where CSCs were identified in patient samples. It is evident that there has been a great drive to identify the cell surface phenotypes of CSCs so that they can be used as a tool for anti-tumor therapy treatment design. We also review the potential effect of nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, cell signaling inhibitors, and antibodies to treat CSCs from specific tumors. Taken together, we present an overview of the role of CSCs in tumorigenesis and how research is advancing to target these highly tumorigenic cells to improve oncology patient outcomes.展开更多
Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine...Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine K.pneumoniae,limiting the risk assessment of its transmission through the food chain.Herein,we investigated the prevalence of K.pneumoniae in 6301 clinical mastitis(CM)milk samples from dairy cattle in northern area of China.In total,183 K.pneumoniae isolates were recovered,with detection rates of 3.0% and 2.8% in 2018 and 2019,respectively.Like human clinical K.pneumoniae,all CM K.pneumoniae isolates belonged to one of three phylogroups:KpⅠ(n=143),Klebsiella.quasipneumoniae subsp.similipneumoniae(KpⅡ-B)(n=37),and Klebsiella variicola(KpⅢ)(n=3).We detected the extendedspectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes bla_(SHV-2a),blac_(CTX-M-14),and bla_(CTX-M-15),as well as clpC,lpfA,lacI,lacZ,lacY,and the fecABDEIR operon in the KpⅠ isolates,which may contribute to their pathogenicity and host adaptability in cows.The high prevalence of KpⅠ in dairy farms may be problematic,as it showed relatively higher rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene carriage than the KpⅡ-B and KpⅢ isolates.Furthermore,we observed distinct differences in population structure between CM-and human infection-associated KpⅠ isolates,with the genes associated with invasive infection in humans rarely being observed in bovine isolates,indicating that few CM-associated K.pneumoniae isolates pose a threat to human health.Nevertheless,bovine KpⅡ-B isolates shared a high level of nucleotide sequence identity with isolates from human infections and frequently carried the nitrogen-fixation gene nif,suggesting an association between KpⅡ-B isolates from cattle and humans,and plant-derived bacteria.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clinical isolates in order to guide for the rational use of antibiotics. With the clinical isolates from cases of hospital-acquired MRSA at the same period as controls, the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired MRSA in Hangzhou area and the pattern of non-β-lactamase antibiotics resistance were determined in this study. It was found that the average age of patients with community-acquired MRSA infections was 30.89±13.3, in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired patients of 56.0±11.8, appearing to be younger than those of the latter, and the former showing no any basic illness. Both of the former and the latter were sensitive to vancomycin (100% vs 100%), and they had the same degrees of sensitivity to rifampicin, fosfomycin, and STM/TMP (86.8% vs 88.1%, P >0.05; 81.6% vs 82.9%, P >0.05; and 52.6% vs 61.9%, P >0.05, respectively). The former was more sensitive to netimycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and minocycline than those of the latter (73.7% vs 50.5%, P <0.01; 60.5% vs 45.7%, P <0.05; 28.9% vs 11.4%, P <0.01; and 81.6% vs 58.6%, P <0.01 respectively). Meanwhile, the incidence of multi-resistant strain of isolates in the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (31.6% vs 81.0%, P <0.01). In conclusion, it appears that the strains of clinical isolates isolated from patients with the community-acquired MRSA infections show different clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired cases of infection, and this necessitates an alteration in the chemotherapy of infections suspected to be caused by community-acquired MRSA.
文摘Background： Drug is all important cause of liver injury and accounts for up to 40% of instances offidminant hepatic failure. Drug-induced liver injury （DILl） is increasing while the diagnosis becomes more difficult. Though many drugs may cause DILl, Chinese herbal medicines have recently emerged as a major cause due to their extensive use in China. We aimed to provide drug safety information to patients and health carets by analyzing the clinical and pathological characteristics of the DILl and the associated drug types. Methods： A retrospective analysis was conducted in 287 patients diagnosed with DILl enrolled in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. The categories of causative drugs, clinical and pathological characteristics were reviewed. Results： Western medicines ranked as the top cause of DILl, accounting for 163 out of the 287 DILl patients （56.79%） in our study. Among the Western medicine, antituberculosis drugs were the highest cause （18.47%, 53 patients） of DILl. Antibiotics （18 patients, 6.27%） and antithyroid （18 patients, 6.27%） drugs also ranked among the major causes of DILl. Chinese herbal medicines are another major cause of DILl, accounting for 36.59% of cases （105 patients）. Most of the causative Chinese herbal medicines were those used to treat osteopathy, arthropathy, dermatosis, gastropathy, leukotrichia, alopecia, and gynecologic diseases. Hepatocellular hepatitis was prevalent in DILl, regardless of Chinese herbal medicine or Western medicine-induced DILI. Conclusions： Risks and the rational use of medicines should be made clear to reduce the occurrence of DILl. For patients with liver injury of unknown origin, liver tissue pathological examination is recommended for further diagnosis.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32141003 and 82330110)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS+2 种基金2021-I2M-1-039)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021-PT350-001).
文摘Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being discovered and developed.Although several high-quality reviews on clinical antibacterial drug pipelines from a global perspective were published recently,none provides comprehensive information on original antibacterial drugs at clinical stages in China.In this review,we summarize the latest progress of novel antibacterial drugs approved for marketing and under clinical evaluation in China since 2019.Information was obtained by consulting official websites,searching commercial databases,retrieving literature,asking personnel from institutions or companies,and other means,and a considerable part of the data covered here has not been included in other reviews.As of June 30,2023,a total of 20 antibacterial projects from 17 Chinese pharmaceutical companies or developers were identified and updated.Among them,two new antibacterial drugs that belong to traditional antibiotic classes were approved by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China in 2019 and 2021,respectively,and 18 antibacterial agents are in clinical development,with one under regulatory evaluation,five in phase-3,six in phase-2,and six in phase-1.Most of the clinical candidates are new analogs or monocomponents of traditional antibacterial pharmacophore types,including two dual-acting hybrid antibiotics and a recombinant antibacterial protein.Overall,despite there being 17 antibacterial clinical candidates,our analysis indicates that there are still relatively few clinically differentiated antibacterial agents in stages of clinical development in China.Hopefully,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and institutions will develop more innovative and clinically differentiated candidates with good market potential in the future research and development(R&D)of original antibacterial drugs.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China,No.30973474 and 81272467
文摘Sorafenib, the unique drug as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has opened a window of hope after searching for effective agents to combat HCC for decades. However, the overall outcomes are far from satisfactory. One of the explanations is the genetic heterogeneity of HCC, which has led to identifying predictive biomarkers for primary resistance to sorafenib, and then applying the concept of personalized medicine, or seeking therapeutic strategies such as combining sorafenib with other anticancer agents. Some of the combinations have demonstrated a better effectiveness than sorafenib alone, with good tolerance. The acquired resistance to sorafenib has also drawn attention. As a multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib targets several cellular signaling pathways but simultaneously or sequentially the addiction switches and compensatory pathways are activated. Several mechanisms are involved in the acquired resistance to sorafenib, such as crosstalks involving PI3K/Akt and JAK-STAT pathways, hypoxia-inducible pathways, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc . Based on the investigated mechanisms,some other molecular targeted drugs have been applied as second-line treatment for treat HCC after the failure of sorafenib therapy and more are under evaluation in clinical trials. However, the exact mechanisms accounting for sorafenib resistance remains unclear. Further investigation on the crosstalk and relationship of associated pathways will better our understanding of the mechanisms and help to find effective strategies for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC.
基金Supported by Grants from Chonnam National University Hospital 42,Jaebong-ro,Dong-Ku,Gwangju,501-757,South Korea
文摘AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyzed retrospectively from January 2004to December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups:the HCC group(n = 57) and the non-HCC group(n = 375). Two groups compared using logistic regression for various patients and viral characteristics in order to identify associated risk factors for HCC.Secondarily,patient and tumor characteristics of HCC patients with na ve CHB(N group,n = 117) were compared to the HCC group(R group,n = 57) to identify any difference in HCC characteristics between them.RESULTS:A significant difference was found for age,platelet count,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),positivity of HBeAg,seroconversion rate of HBeAg,virologic response,the Child-Pugh score,presence of rtM204I,and the duration of antiviral treatment in non-HCC and HCC group. Cirrhosis,age(> 50 years),HBeAg(+),virologic non-responder status,and rtM204I mutants were independent risk factors for the development of HCC. The R group had lower serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and AFP levels,earlier stage tumors,and a shorter mean tumor surveillance period than the N group. However,the total follow-up duration was not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:13.2% of patients with drug-resistant CHB developed HCC. Age,cirrhosis,YIDD status,HBeAg status,and virologic response are associated with risk of HCC. Patients with drug-resistant CHB and these clinical factors may benefit from closer HCC surveillance.
基金Supported by Institutional funding at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
文摘Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced tumor disease with poor probabilities for cure, since many patients will show chemo-and radio-resistance. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain chemo-and radio-resistance to anti-tumor therapies, including cell signaling pathways, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stemness, metabolism, and cellular phenotypes. Interestingly, the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs), which are a subset of cells within the tumors, has been related to therapy resistance. In this review, we focus on evaluating the presence of CSCs in different tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hematological neoplasias, highlighting studies where CSCs were identified in patient samples. It is evident that there has been a great drive to identify the cell surface phenotypes of CSCs so that they can be used as a tool for anti-tumor therapy treatment design. We also review the potential effect of nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, cell signaling inhibitors, and antibodies to treat CSCs from specific tumors. Taken together, we present an overview of the role of CSCs in tumorigenesis and how research is advancing to target these highly tumorigenic cells to improve oncology patient outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81991535 and 81861138051)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)。
文摘Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine K.pneumoniae,limiting the risk assessment of its transmission through the food chain.Herein,we investigated the prevalence of K.pneumoniae in 6301 clinical mastitis(CM)milk samples from dairy cattle in northern area of China.In total,183 K.pneumoniae isolates were recovered,with detection rates of 3.0% and 2.8% in 2018 and 2019,respectively.Like human clinical K.pneumoniae,all CM K.pneumoniae isolates belonged to one of three phylogroups:KpⅠ(n=143),Klebsiella.quasipneumoniae subsp.similipneumoniae(KpⅡ-B)(n=37),and Klebsiella variicola(KpⅢ)(n=3).We detected the extendedspectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes bla_(SHV-2a),blac_(CTX-M-14),and bla_(CTX-M-15),as well as clpC,lpfA,lacI,lacZ,lacY,and the fecABDEIR operon in the KpⅠ isolates,which may contribute to their pathogenicity and host adaptability in cows.The high prevalence of KpⅠ in dairy farms may be problematic,as it showed relatively higher rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene carriage than the KpⅡ-B and KpⅢ isolates.Furthermore,we observed distinct differences in population structure between CM-and human infection-associated KpⅠ isolates,with the genes associated with invasive infection in humans rarely being observed in bovine isolates,indicating that few CM-associated K.pneumoniae isolates pose a threat to human health.Nevertheless,bovine KpⅡ-B isolates shared a high level of nucleotide sequence identity with isolates from human infections and frequently carried the nitrogen-fixation gene nif,suggesting an association between KpⅡ-B isolates from cattle and humans,and plant-derived bacteria.
