Forensic Experts’Opinion Regarding Clinical Forensic Medicine Practice in Indonesia and Malaysia

Clinical forensic medicine is a progressing branch.In Indonesia and Malaysia,there is inadequate information regarding this practice.It is always unclear about the job scopes and practitioners involved in this field.The study outlined in this article is aimed to explore the current clinical forensic medicine practice compared to existing systematic practice globally and hence analyzing for presence of difference in this practice between these two countries.A qualitative study was conducted by forensic experts in Indonesia and Malaysia from September to November 2015.In‑depth interview was carried out to obtain data which were then validated using literature and legal documents in Indonesia and Malaysia known as the triangulation validation method.Data were presented in narrative form.In Indonesia,forensic pathology and clinical forensic medicine were approached as one whereas in Malaysia separately.This practice was conducted by a general practitioner in collaboration with other specialists if needed in Indonesia;whereas,in Malaysia,this practice was conducted by forensic pathologists or medical officers in the absence of forensic pathologists.Both Indonesia and Malaysia followed the continental regimen in practicing clinical forensic medicine.There was still a lack of involvement of doctors in this field due to lack of understanding of clinical forensic medicine.The current clinical forensic medicine practice has not developed much and has no much difference in both countries.The gap between the current practice with systematic practice cannot be justified due to the absence of one standardized code of practice.

The Exact Estimation of Visual Acuity by VEP Technology:A Report of 726 Cases of Eye Injury

This study explored the accuracy of using visual evoked potentials(VEP)technology for visual acuity estimation.The enrolled 726 patients with post-traumatic unilateral decrease in visual acuity included the injured eyes served as the experimental group,and the healthy eyes as the control group.The least signal visual angle(LSVA),and amplitude and latency of P100 were chosen as test indexes.The results under different experimental conditions were recorded by PRVEP technology.All data collected were processed...

Clinical forensic imaging and fundamental rights in Austria

Clinical forensic imaging encompasses the diverse application of imaging procedures that serve the same purpose:to enable the analysis and investigation of criminal activities and consequences of a crime.All kinds of imaging techniques and their corresponding images can be subsumed under“forensigraphy”,a more comprehensive term for forensic imaging created by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Forensic Imaging in Graz,Austria.As the word forensigraphy suggests,criminal imaging material should be of use in forensic investigations.Ideally,this can lead to new findings that would not have been revealed without the application of imaging techniques and are moreover admissible as evidence in criminal proceedings.However,the admissibility of evidence can only be facilitated through the implementation of clinical forensic imaging techniques into the forensic routine case work,which requires a precise pre-analysis of the corresponding legal framework.Because taking and displaying internal images of a person’s body touches upon various aspects of one’s physical and psychological integrity,imaging methods in general and clinical forensic imaging methods especially have a strong impact on and interfere regularly with the fundamental rights of the concerned person.Particularly with regard to a possible medical context,certain legal regulations have to be taken into account.Therefore,this paper examines forensic imaging in the field of radiological forensigraphy,specifically its in vivo(i.e.clinical)application.It is designed to enlighten readers as to the great significance of legal barriers that emerge from fundamental rights,as laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR),when dealing with clinical forensic imaging.As a result,the legal framework of clinical forensic imaging procedures are comprehensively described,the relevant fundamental rights,especially the right to respect for private and family life,the right to data protection and certain procedural guarantees,are concisely presented to further raise awareness regarding the importance of fundamental rights.

Expression Profiling of MicroRNAs in Hippocampus of Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury（TBI） were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI： 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regu-lated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.