Detection of Clinically Significant Warm Reactive Anti-A1 in a Post Red Blood Cells Transfusion Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The purpose of this article is to report that some anti-A1 that react at 37°C are IgG antibodies and are clinically significant, as they can cause the destruction of a proportion of A1 cells in vivo following the transfusion of red blood cells. Therefore, when a serum of an individual contains anti-A1, further testing of the plasma against group A1, A2, and O by referencing red blood cells and individual cells against anti-A1 lectin (Dolichos biflorus lectin) must be performed. Confirming the specificity of anti-A1 by referencing red blood cells is also important in selecting the appropriate blood for transfusion. ABO antibodies are naturally occurring and activate the complement cascade, making them more likely to cause severe transfusion reactions compared to antibodies to other RBC antigens.

What benefit can be obtained from magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis with artificial intelligence in prostate cancer compared with clinical assessments?

The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized the studies comparing the diagnostic and predictive performance for PCa between AI and common clinical assessment methods based on MR images and/or clinical characteristics,thereby investigating whether AI methods are generally superior to common clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis and prediction fields of PCa.First,we found that,in the included studies of the present study,AI methods were generally equal to or better than the clinical assessment methods for the risk assessment of PCa,such as risk stratification of prostate lesions and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes or PCa progression.In particular,for the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa,the AI methods achieved a higher summary receiver operator characteristic curve(SROC-AUC)than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.87 vs.0.82).For the prediction of adverse pathology,the AI methods also achieved a higher SROC-AUC than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.86 vs.0.75).Second,as revealed by the radiomics quality score(RQS),the studies included in the present study presented a relatively high total average RQS of 15.2(11.0–20.0).Further,the scores of the individual RQS elements implied that the AI models in these studies were constructed with relatively perfect and standard radiomics processes,but the exact generalizability and clinical practicality of the AI models should be further validated using higher levels of evidence,such as prospective studies and open-testing datasets.

Nomogram to predict gas-related complications during transoral endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions:Clinical significance

Transoral endoscopic resections in treating upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions have the advantages of maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal lumen,avoiding perforation and reducing gastrointestinal fistulae.They are becoming more widely used in clinical practice,but,they may also present a variety of complications.Gas-related complications are one of the most common,which can be left untreated if the symptoms are mild,but in severe cases,they can lead to rapid changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems in a short period,which can be life-threatening.Therefore,it is important to predict the occurrence of gas-related complications early and take preventive measures actively.Based on the authors'results in the prepublication of the article“Nomogram to predict gas-related complications during transoral endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions,”and in conjunction with our evaluation and additions to the relevant content,radiographs may help screen patients at high risk for gas-related complications.Controlling blood glucose levels,shortening the duration of surgery,and choosing the most appropriate surgical resection may positively impact the prognosis of patients at high risk for gas-related complications during transoral endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions.

Expression of CD151 in Gastric Cancer Tissues and Its Clinical Significance

Objective:To explore the expression of CD151 in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of CD151 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues.The relationship between CD151 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed.Results:The expression of CD151 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues(P<0.05).It was associated with the degree of differentiation,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,and TNM staging of gastric cancer.The survival time of patients with high CD151 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with low expression(P<0.05).Conclusion:High expression of CD151 in gastric cancer tissues is correlated with the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer and can serve as an indicator for evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Risk factors for clinically significant macular edema in a multi-ethnics population with type 2 diabetes

·AIM:To determine the risk factors of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a multi-ethnics Malaysian population. ·METHODS:We performed a case control study in which 150 patients with bilateral NPDR and CSME in either eye were compared to 150 patients with bilateral NPDR and no CSME in both eyes. CSME and NPDR were graded according to Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. Student’s t-test, odds ratio and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure(BP), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, full blood count, serum creatinine and proteinuria between the two groups. ·RESULTS:Both groups were matched in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Duration of diabetes, total serum cholesterol, serum LDL, FBG, HbA1c and serum creatinine were significantly higher in the CSME group (P <0.05). The hemoglobin, packed cell volume were significantly lower in the CSME group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference for serum HDL, TG, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that total serum cholesterol and HbA1c had significantly high odds of developing CSME. ·CONCLUSION:HbA1c and total cholesterol are the two most important risk factors associated with CSME in patients with NPDR.

Lag of accommodation predicts clinically significant change of spherical equivalents after cycloplegia

AIM: To evaluate related factors with the change of spherical equivalents(ΔSE) and determine the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE(≥0.50 D) with cyclopentolate hydrochloride on Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 145 right eyes of 145 children aged 4 to 15 y were enrolled. Intraocular pressure, axial length and lag of accommodation(LOA) were assessed before cycloplegia induced by 3 drops of 1% cyclopentolate at 5-minute intervals. SE was measured before and 1 h after the first drop of cyclopentolate. ΔSE was compared between different gender groups and among refractive groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to find related factors with ΔSE. ROC analysis was used to figure out the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE.RESULTS: For the total 145 eyes, the mean SE reached up to-0.70±1.86 D from-1.30±1.62 D, with the mean ΔSE of 0.60±0.55 D. The mean ΔSE were 0.63±0.55 D and 0.57±0.56 D respectively in the male and female group(P=0.40). The mean ΔSE was significantly different among different refractive groups(P<0.0001), with the ΔSE of hyperopia group(1.12±0.64 D) larger than that of the emmetropia(0.56±0.43 D, P=0.001) and myopia group(0.32±0.28 D, P<0.0001). The ΔSE was correlated with LOA(B=-0.54, P<0.0001), cycloplegic SE(B=0.10, P<0.0001) and age(B=-0.04, P=0.015). ROC curve indicated that LOA predicted clinically significant ΔSE by 82% [area under the curve(AUC)=0.82] alone, while the value was slightly improved to 85%(AUC=0.85) in combination with axial length and 86%(AUC=0.86) in association with axial length as well as age.CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia with cyclopentolate, the ΔSE decreases with larger LOA, longer axial length and older age. Specifically, LOA plays a more vital role in predicting clinically significant ΔSE.

Unveiling clinical significance and tumor immune landscape of CXCL12 in bladder cancer: Insights from multiple omics analysis

Objective: The interplay between chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12(CXCL12) and its specific receptors is known to trigger various signaling pathways, contributing to tumor proliferation and metastasis. Consequently,targeting this signaling axis has emerged as a potential strategy in cancer therapy. However, the precise role of CXCL12 in clinical therapy, especially in immunotherapy for bladder cancer(BCa), remains poorly elucidated.Methods: We gathered multiple omics data from public databases to unveil the clinical relevance and tumor immune landscape associated with CXCL12 in BCa patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the independent prognostic significance of CXCL12 expression and formulate a nomogram. The expression of CXCL12 in BCa cell lines and clinical tissue samples was validated using enzymelinked immunosorbent assays(ELISA) and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results: While transcriptional expression of CXCL12 exhibited a decrease in nearly all tumor tissues, CXCL12 methylation expression was notably increased in BCa tissues. Single-cell RNA analysis highlighted tissue stem cells and endothelial cells as the primary sources expressing CXCL12. Abnormal CXCL12 expression, based on transcriptional and methylation levels, correlated with various clinical characteristics in BCa patients. Functional analysis indicated enrichment of CXCL12 and its co-expression genes in immune regulation and cell adhesion. The immune landscape analysis unveiled a significant association between CXCL12 expression and M2 macrophages(CD163~+ cells) in BCa tissues. Notably, CXCL12 expression emerged as a potential predictor of immunotherapy response and chemotherapy drug sensitivity in BCa patients.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest aberrant production of CXCL12 in BCa tissues,potentially influencing the treatment responses of affected individuals.

Detection rate of clinically insignificant prostate cancer ncreases with repeat prostate biopsies

To analyze if clinically insignificant prostate cancer （CIPC） is more frequently detected with repeat prostate biopsies, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 2146 men diagnosed with prostate cancer after one or more prostate biopsies. The patients were divided into five groups according to the number of prostate biopsies obtained, e.g, group I had one biopsy, group 2 had two biopsies and group 3 had three biopsies. Of the 2146 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, 1956 （91,1%）, 142 （6.6%）, 38 （1.8%）, 9 （0.4%） and 1 （0.1%） men were in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were excluded because of the small sample sizes. The remaining three groups （groups 1, 2 and 3） were statistically analyzed. There were no differences in age or prostate-specific antigen level among the three groups. CIPC was detected in 201 （10.3%）, 28 （19.7%） and 9 （23.7%） patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively （P〈O.O01）. A multivariate analysis showed that the number of biopsies was an independent predictor to detect ClPC （0R=2.688 for group 2; 0R=4.723 for group 3）. In conclusion, patients undergoing multiple prostate biopsies are more likely to be diagnosed with CIPC than those who only undergo one biopsy. However, the risk still exists that the patient could have clinically significant prostate cancer. Therefore, when counseling patients with regard to serial repeat biopsies, the possibility of prostate cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment must be balanced with the continued risk of clinically significant disease.

Selection of Surgical Approach and Clinical Significance of Lower Cervical Spine Injuries Guided by SLIC Scoring System

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of surgical approach selection for cervical spine injury guided by SLIC scoring system. Methods: The clinical data of 75 patients with lower cervical injury surgery from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 48 males and 27 females. Age: 28 - 65 years old. Causes of injury: 39 cases of traffic accidents, 15 cases of ice and snow sports, 12 cases of falling from high places, 9 cases of heavy objects. There were 12 cases of C3-4, 33 cases of C4-5, 21 cases of C5-6, and 9 cases of C6-7. Time from injury to medical treatment: 4 h - 2 d. Cervical spine X-ray, MRI, MDCT examination and preoperative SLIC score were performed on admission. Anterior approach was performed by subtotal cervical vertebrae resection or discectomy, titanium Cage or cage supported bone grafting and anterior titanium plate fixation. Posterior approach was performed with cervical laminoplasty, lateral mass or pedicle screw fixation and fusion. The combined anterior-posterior operation was performed by the anterior methods+ posterior methods. The time from injury to surgery is 12 h to 3 d. The function before and after operation was evaluated by JOA efficacy evaluation criteria. The correlation between the three surgical approaches and postoperative efficacy and SLIC score was compared. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: In this group of 75 patients, 32 cases of anterior operation, 22 cases of posterior operation and 21 cases of combined operation were followed up for no less than 12 months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, injury cause, injury segment, time from injury to treatment, and time from injury to operation among the three surgical approaches, which were comparable. The SLIC scores of mild, moderate and severe injuries of anterior surgery, posterior surgery and combined anterior and posterior surgery, They were (5.26 ± 1.24, 5.86 ± 1.67, 8.25 ± 0.21), (5.57 ± 1.43, 5.99 ± 1.85, 9.00 ± 0.25), (0, 5.98 ± 0.33, 9.44 ± 0.34), respectively. By comparing the SLIC scores and JOA scores of anterior surgery and posterior surgery, there was no difference in SLIC scores and JOA scores between the two groups for mild and moderate injuries (P > 0.05). However, the JOA scores at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery were different from those before surgery, and the postoperative efficacy and JOA scores were significantly improved (P & lt;0.05), indicating that the two surgical methods had the same therapeutic effect, that is, anterior or posterior surgery could be used to treat mild or moderate injuries (P > 0.05). There were differences in SLIC scores among the three surgical approaches for severe injury (P 0.05). The postoperative efficacy and JOA score of combined anterior-posterior approach were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P Conclusion: SLIC score not only provides accurate judgment for conservative treatment or surgical treatment of cervical spine injury, but also provides evidence-based medical basis and reference value for the selection of surgical approach and surgical method. According to the SLIC score, the surgical approach is safe and feasible. When the SLIC score is 4 - 7, anterior surgery is selected for type A injury, and posterior surgery is selected for type B injury. When the SLIC score is ≥8, combined anterior-posterior surgery should be selected. It is of great significance for clinical formulation of precision treatment strategy.

Detection and Clinical Significance of Th17/Treg Cell-Related Factors in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To investigate the detection of Th17/Treg cell-related factors in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and its clinical significance.Methods:In this study,a retrospective cohort research method was used to collect the clinical data of 42 patients who were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University and received the diagnosis of GDM from January 2018 to December 2022,as well as 42 patients with normal pregnancies during the same period.The Th17/Treg expression levels and metabolism-related indexes in the peripheral blood of patients were detected by radioimmunoassay.Results:The relative expression of Th17 in the serum of patients in the GDM group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the level of Treg was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the levels of FBG,FINS,2hBG,TC,TG and HOMA-IR of the patients in the GDM group were significantly higher than that of the control group,and the level of HOMA-βwas significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The imbalance of the Th17/Treg cell ratio in patients with GDM may be related to their disease progression and prognosis,providing new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of GDM.

Non-invasive assessment of esophageal varices:Status of today

With increasing burden of compensated cirrhosis,we desperately need noninvasive methods for assessment of clinically significant portal hypertension.The use of liver and spleen stiffness measurement helps in deferring unnecessary endoscopies for low risk esophageal varices.This would reduce cost and patient discomfort.However,these special techniques may not be feasible at remote areas where still we need only biochemical parameters.More prospective studies validating the non-invasive risk prediction models are definitely needed.

Analysis of the History and Current Situation of the Development of General Practice Teaching Clinics in China

A summary of the exploration of the teaching mode of the general practice teaching clinic, a summary of the deficiencies of the teaching clinic and a summary of the significance of the establishment of the general practice teaching clinic are presented with a view to promoting the development of general practice and cultivating more excellent successors in general practice.

Clinical importance of serum procalcitonin in ulcerative colitis patients

We have read with interest the recently published article entitled &#x0201c;Clinical significance of serum procalcitonin in patients with ulcerative colitis&#x0201d; by Koido et al. They aimed to investigate the association of procalcitonin with ulcerative colitis (UC) activity. They concluded that elevated procalcitonin levels were significantly correlated with UC activity. We would like to thank the authors for their comprehensive contribution.

Correlation of RUNX3 expression with microvessel density in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and clinical significance

Objective: To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD),and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer,Methods: The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique,The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated,Results: The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25±1.14 and 25.71%(18/70),The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14±3.23,Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA,serosal invasion,liver metastasis,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P<0.01),The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD,Conclusions: The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.

Effect of obstructive jaundice on hemodynamics in the liver and its clinical significance

BACKGROUND: Many diseases can cause obstructive jaundice and then lead to a series of pathologic disorders. Thus preoperative assessment of liver function is of utmost importance. Traditional assessment is to monitor related indicators of liver function, but it is invasive and needs to be performed repeatedly. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) was used to monitor blood flow of the hepatic artery and portal vein, a non-invasive method which can be used repeatedly. METHODS: Twenty cases of obstructive jaundice were detected by CDFI and changes of liver function were measured after operation. The variables of hemodynamic monitoring included peak flow rate and mean blood flow in the hepatic artery proper at the peak of the contraction period; the inner diameter of blood vessels, the peak flow rate, and the congestion index, the blood flow in the main portal vein. RESULTS: The average peak flow rate in the hepatic artery of patients with obstructive jaundice was significantly higher than that of normal people; both the inner diameter and congestive index of the portal vein were significantly larger than those of normal people. But the mean blood flow and peak flow rate in the portal vein were lower than those of normal people. CONCLUSIONS: CDFI is an ideal and non-invasive method for evaluating liver hemodynamics in obstructive jaundice. If the increase of hepatic arterial flow is more significant than the decrease of the blood flow in the portal vein, hepatic functional recovery after operation is smoother, suggesting a better prognosis. If the increase of the hepatic arterial flow is less significant than the decrease of the blood flow in the portal vein, hepatic functional recovery after operation may not be smooth, suggesting a worse prognosis.

Clinical significance of expression of fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 in colon cancer

BACKGROUND The occurrence and development of colon cancer are complex,involving a variety of genetic changes,such as mutation and activation of oncogenes,inactivation of tumour suppressor genes,and aberrant proliferation and apoptosis regulation mechanisms.Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1(FSIP1)is a newly discovered oncogene that is frequently activated in a variety of tumours such as breast cancer and bladder cancer.However,the clinical significance of FSIP1 in colon cancer is unclear.In this study,we analysed the clinical significance of expression of FSIP1 in human colon cancer,aimed to clarify the biological role of FSIP1 in the development and progression of colon cancer.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of expression of FSIP1 in colon cancer.METHODS From March 2011 to March 2014,302 specimens of tumour tissues and paracancerous tissues were obtained from patients pathologically diagnosed with colon cancer at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect FSIP1 expression in colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Spearman correlation coefficient and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between FSIP1 expression and clinicopathological factors and prognosis,as well as the impact on survival.RESULTS Compared with its expression in adjacent normal tissues,FSIP1 was expressed at higher levels in colon cancer tissues.Spearman correlation analysis showed that high expression of FSIP1 was positively correlated with clinicopathological stage,lymph node metastasis,and poor prognosis in colon cancer;it was negativel correlated with the degree of tumour differentiation.Cox regression analysis showed that high FSIP1 expression was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of colon cancer patients.CONCLUSION High expression of FSIP1 may be one of the important factors affecting the clinical outcome of colon cancer patients and leading to poor prognosis.

CDC20,TOP2A and NEK2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance

Objective:to study the expression and clinical significance CDC20,TOP2A,NEK2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:To select 70 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,Between August 2018-August 2020,All intraoperative pathological specimens,A group-35 cases),Cancer tissue,B group,adjacent tissues),two groups of CDC20,TOP2A,NEK 2 expression were detected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-RT-PcR)assay.Results:the values of CDC20,TOP2A,NEK2 expression level in A group were significantly higher than those in B group-P<0.05).The expression level CDC20,TOP2A,NEK2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis,and negatively correlated with tumor differentiation.Conclusion:CDC20,TOP2A,NEK2 high expression level directly affects the metastasis,recurrence and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The combination of three indexes can accurately evaluate the pathological status of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and help to judge the prognosis of patients accurately.

CHEMOSENSITIVITY OF MGc80-3 HUMAN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

In the present study, the chemosensitivity of MGc80-3 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells was determined by means of colony-forming assay and the in vitro activities of 10 anticancer drugs were examined on the basis of the clinically achievable peak plasma drug concentration. The results showed that MGc80-3 cells were most sensitive to mitomyc'n C, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil, being consistent with the response noted in clinical gastric cancer. This cell line may retain its original drug sensitivity and may be useful in screening for new compounds with activity against this disease.

Identifying Driver Genes Mutations with Clinical Significance in Thyroid Cancer

Advances in technology are enabling gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)to be analyzed and clinical outcomes,such as recurrence,to be predicted.To date,the most common genetic mutation in PTC is in BRAF kinase(BRAF).However,whether mutations in other genes coincide with those in BRAF remains to be clarified.The aim of this study was to find mutations in other genes that co-exist with mutated BRAF,and to analyze their frequency and clinical relevance in PTC.Clinical and genetic data were collected from 213 PTC patients with a total of 36,572 mutation sites in 735 genes.After matching with genes from PTC entries in a global database(NCBI Gene),69 genes with mutations in coding regions were chosen for further study.Through frequency-based analysis,we identified commonly mutated genes co-existing with mutated BRAF and,using the mutation count correlation matrix(MCCM)method,analyzed their incidence according to age and gender.We designed Chord diagrams to reveal gene relationships concerning age and gender,and found that mutations in ALK,ATM,COL1A1,MSTIR,PRKCA,and WNK1 most commonly coincide with mutated BRAF,followed by APC,AURKA,and AURKB.These findings provide further insight into the genetic profile of PTC.

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FLOW CYTOMETRIC DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID MEASUREMENT OF DEPARA-FFINIZED SPECIMEN IN BLADDER TUMOR

A retrospective study of flow cytometric measurements on paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 188 patients with bladder tumor was conducted. The results were analyzed in combination with the morphological variation of bladder tumors. It was found that the DNA ploid pottern, degree of infiltration and the multiplicity of bladder tumor were closely related with tumor recurrence, among which the DNA ploid pattern was most significant. In aneuploid bladder tumors the recurrent rate and mean annual recurrence frequency were 76.7% and 1.46, and those in the diploid bladder tumors were 18.7% and 0.33 respectively. Aneuploid was the most indicative parameter of the recurrence in bladder tumors. In addition, according to the DNA ploid pattern and DNA index (DI), the aneuploid tumors in our group were divided into 4 types, namely, tetraploid tumors, npn-euploid with DI(?)1.5, non-euploid tumors with DI>1.5 and two-aneuploid tumors. The results showed that the recurrent rate of tetraploid tumors was relatively lower and it became higher and higher in the following order: non-euploid tumors with DI(?)1.5, non-euploid tumors with DI>1.5, and two-aneuploid tumors. This indicates that there are different biological behaviors in tumors with different ploid pattern. Finally, the correlation between DNA ploid pattern and tumor metastasis was also discussed.